开源经济的现代价值分析

开源经济是基于开源软件基础上发展起来的一种新的生产方式,它之所以受到学界的关注是因为开源经济对现有的西方经济学理论提出了严峻的挑战:参与者利己与利他双重行为倾向违背了西方经济学的经济人假设;开源经济的生产组织方式和治理机制相比传统企业制度在某些方面表现出显著的高效性;开源软件生产克服了公共物品供给的难题等。但是,开源经济与马克思主义的社会主义经济学却具有很强的一致性。开源经济的研究对于在现时检验和发展马克思主义经济学具有重要的理论价值。     

开源文化视阈中的学习

目前,开源软件运动在全世界范围内已经如火如荼地开展起来,巴西、俄罗斯、印度等国都已经开始探索如何在教育中应用开源软件。开源文化对学习有着深远的影响,开源软件本身就是一种知识存在,从范例理论、学习动机理论和问题解决与知识建构等方面可以阐释开源文化对于学习的促进作用。     

开源Oare2x医院管理信息系统的应用分析

随着我国卫生信息化建设进程的推进，医疗战线上各类人员对信息的依赖程度和对信息服务的需求逐渐增大，特别是医院管理系统已经成为现代化医院运营的必要技术支撑和基础设施。目前，市面上该系统产品种类繁多，基本管理理念和功能应用大同小异，智能化程度不高。Care2X是由国外开发的一套基于PHP＋MysQL的开源综合医院管理信息系统，在节省人力、财力、物力，远程医疗，提高医院知名度，提高医院办公效率，系统资源的占用等方面具有很大的优势。通过对Care2X的功能和数据、技术及社会三个方面进行分析，分析该系统在国内医院实施的可行性，探索推广低成本的Care2x在国内使用中可能存在的问题，以发挥该系统优势，缓解国内医院管理难等问题。     

开放协作与自主创新:特斯拉开源与中国电动汽车产业的战略机遇

当前,新能源汽车尤其是电动汽车的发展是一项国家战略,也是汽车产业转型升级和跨越发展的战略支柱。自主创新能力是产业政策的核心议题,而特斯拉的开源为中国电动汽车业实现自主创新带来了重要的战略机遇。对中国电动汽车产业而言,一方面应充分消化吸收特斯拉开源提供的全球先进技术;另一方面应以特斯拉开源为契机,积极引入开源机制,适时建立导向开放协作、平等竞争和自主创新的开源战略,跻身世界电动汽车产业强国。     

算法基建赋能产业智能化发展：何以可能与何以可行

产业智能化作为推动经济高质量发展的重要抓手,离不开人工智能基础设施的支撑。在当前大力推进人工智能基础设施建设的进程中,相较于数据基础设施和算力基础设施建设,算法基础设施建设是核心也是短板,故亟需加强,进而发挥其赋能产业智能化发展的积极作用。算法基建赋能产业智能化发展的理论逻辑在于,以生产要素优化配置、生产力再造、生产关系重构实现产业的智能化转型与创新发展。但由于存在科技创新资源支撑不足、算法技术水平不高、体制机制改革尚待深化等现实问题,需要从要素、制度、生态三个层面设计实践对策,即通过加强算法基建要素供给、加快算法基建制度供给、构筑算法基建生态共同体来使算法基建赋能产业智能化发展。     

中国面向高质量发展的基础设施空间布局研究

随着科学技术的迅速发展,基础设施的内涵已经发生巨大的变化,有以交通、水、能源等为主体的"传统"基础设施,也有以"5G网"、人工智能为特色智慧城市"新基础设施"。文章围绕"十四五"期间美丽中国建设的现代化战略部署,按照高质量发展要求,结合国情和地方发展需要,注重面向高质量发展的传统基础设施如交通、能源、水利、物流、市政等传统基础设施,也涉及信息通讯的人工智能、工业互联网、物联网等新型基础设施,为面向国家现代化和国家中长期的基础设施空间布局提出了空间布局设想。文章认为:为了适应新时代高质量发展需求,未来国家基础设施的内涵发生了改变,除了传统的物质基础设施外,数字、人力资本、自然资本和国防基础设施也成为重要组成部分。中国高质量发展的基础设施布局,一方面是原有基础设施的延续和效率提升,另一方面也是新基础设施布局和落实,同时也包括了社会服务基础设施的完善和质量提升。"十四五"期间,高质量发展基础设施的空间布局主要包括:完善大交通为主的基础设施建设,加快国家级物流和新能源基础设施发展,重视水基础设施重大项目布局,超前布局5G网等数字基础设施,补齐基本公共服务设施短板,推进城市社区基础设施和社会设施现代化,扎实推进农村基础设施现代化,建设世界级文化基础设施,以及建设城市生态环境保护重大工程等。     

基于城镇化视角的环京津贫困带减贫研究

环京津贫困带的脱贫致富问题仍然是政府和社会各界关注的焦点。城镇化发展在人口转移和集中、基础设施建设、产业发展等方面发挥关键性作用,不仅有助于减贫,而且有助于生态保护。基于城镇化视角,推动环京津贫困带城镇化减贫,文章提出了改革创新城镇化政策、加强基础设施规划建设、提高劳动力外出务工技能、有选择地承接产业转移、发展生态旅游和现代化农业、成立城镇化减贫基金等六个方面的政策建议。     

人工智能应用如何影响企业创新宽度？

人工智能是引领新一轮科技革命和产业变革的重要驱动力,如何充分释放人工智能促进创新和经济高质量发展的潜力是当前的重要课题。本文基于2011—2019年中国沪深A股制造业上市公司数据,采用多维固定效应模型实证研究了人工智能应用对企业创新宽度的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示：人工智能应用能显著拓展企业创新宽度;人工智能应用对企业创新宽度的影响在中小企业、市场竞争力强、融资约束小和高科技行业的企业更明显;人工智能应用通过提高企业研发成功率、提升企业运营效率和增强企业竞争优势拓展企业创新宽度;人工智能应用滞后则会制约企业拓展创新宽度。充分释放人工智能应用促进高质量创新潜力的政策重点是：构建人工智能应用拓展企业创新宽度的创新生态,形成人工智能应用驱动创新的市场环境和政策环境,增强企业技术迭代能力以实现可持续创新。     

电动汽车充电基础设施政策量化及产业政策效应

以政策工具理论为视角,构建政策工具与充电基础设施产业链分析框架,采用内容量化分析法及二元Logistic回归模型,对全国27个省份的41份政策样本进行分析,并根据加快发展地区、示范推广地区及积极促进地区的划分进行区域间政策差异对比,利用OLS基准回归模型对各省份政策工具与公共类充电桩建设情况进行关联效应分析。结果表明:(1)我国各地电动汽车充电基础设施政策存在不同程度的政策工具结构性失衡,环境面政策工具比重过高而需求面政策工具比重过低,政策工具在产业链的分布也不尽合理。(2)不同地区政策大同小异,差异具体表现为:(1)加快发展地区更注重为充电基础设施产业提供良好发展环境,从目标规划和法规管制方面对产业发展进行规范和引导,在产业链方面更为关注充电设施运营和充电设备制造;(2)示范推广地区对公共服务建设给予了重点支持,包括充电基础设施信息服务平台建设,在产业链方面较为侧重充电设施运营和能源供应;(3)在所有地区中,积极促进地区的环境面政策工具使用过滥问题最明显。(3)产业政策效应方面,电动汽车充电基础设施环境面政策工具对产业发展产生显著促进作用,长远来看应综合运用各类政策工具,避免过度依赖...     

开源软件项目内成员间知识共享案例研究

以绩效相反的2个开源软件项目为例,探索开源软件项目内成员间知识共享的影响要素。以多案例分析为策略,采取案例内和案例间分析方法,研究发现,在开源项目中,开发员与用户是两大参与主体。开发员作为供给端,重点通过参与动机、社会网络、组织文化3大要素影响知识共享;用户作为需求端,通过用户创新作用于知识共享,继而影响开源软件项目创新绩效。     

Getting help from abroad: The macroeconomics of foreign direct investment in infrastructure in low‐income countries

Infrastructure financing needs in most low‐income countries are substantial, but funding for such needs is only partly covered by national governments and aid donors. This paper introduces foreign direct investment (FDI) through public–private partnerships as a source of infrastructure financing in low‐income countries. A two‐sector open economy model is developed to assess the macroeconomic performance of FDI in infrastructure. With efficient foreign investment, an increase in revenue‐generating infrastructure investment boosts productivity and spurs private investment while stabilizing domestic prices. A direct comparison between infrastructure financed by domestic versus foreign investment shows that foreign investment creates higher output growth and welfare gains and is preferable to domestically sourced investment, irrespective of the underlying financing instrument the domestic economy is employing. FDI in non‐revenue‐generating infrastructure is also analyzed and discussed.     

开放源代码创新社群中的激励机制研究

通过对开放源代码创新社群内部创新机制的研究,阐述了激发用户创新和有效利用创新成果的激励机制,并从静态与动态两个维度分析了社群成员之间的相互作用与激励。     

大遗址保护与区域经济和谐发展的途径:建立大遗址文化产业集群

在科学界定相关关键概念的基础上,对国内外相关研究成果进行了梳理和分析,获得的重要启示是:可以通过发展大遗址文化产业集群实现大遗址保护与区域经济和谐发展;依据产业集群理论,对发展大遗址文化产业集群的基本前提条件,集群的目标,集群模式选择的约束条件,主导型文化产业的确定,集群中各类组织的确定及功能定位,以及集群的基本结构模型进行了理论分析;最后指出,建立大遗址文化产业集群是一个相当复杂的过程,在这个过程中,政府规划引导、制定政策支持体系、加强公共基础设施建设等必须优先到位,才能引导其他组织有序进入和多组织和谐运作,这是大遗址区发展可持续性遗址文化产业集群的关键。     

Collaboration, peer review and open source software

Open source software development may be superior to proprietary development because the open source organizational form naturally minimizes transactions costs associated with privately distributed information. This manifests itself in the ability of open source communities to encourage critical peer review and the sharing of ideas. When these activities are important, the open source organizational form may do better than a proprietary organizational form. My results suggest why open source is particularly powerful when maintainability of software is critical, and also suggest that the founder of a software project may be more likely to choose open source if there is an existing dominant proprietary software project.     

Infrastructure,Multinational Affiliate Production,and the Pattern of Trade

In a two-country general equilibrium model with endogenously determined domestic and multinational firms, it is shown that public infrastructure development can have diverging implications for horizontal multinational affiliate firm production and trade, depending on the type of infrastructure invested in. Infrastructure investments with strong productive or local transport effects (i.e. schools or local roads) lead to greater domestic firm production and exports, fewer imports, and more foreign multinational affiliate firm production in the country making the investment. On the other hand, infrastructure projects that lower international trade and transaction costs (i.e. shipping ports or airports) lead to more domestic firms in both countries, a greater volume of bilateral exports in both directions, and less multinational affiliate production. Further, the effect of different types of infrastructure investment on income and welfare of the open economies is explored.     

Labour supply, foreign investment and welfare in the presence of public infrastructure

Within the context of a small open economy where both foreign investment and the provision of public infrastructure are endogenous, this paper examines the impact of an exogenous increase in labour supply. An increase in labour supply can be attributed to labour inflow. A number of empirical studies have demonstrated the importance of public infrastructure in real economies and both developed and developing countries have attracted significant foreign investment in recent years. This paper shows that, in the case of a diversified equilibrium, variations in labour supply do not affect the wage rate, provision of public infrastructure or welfare. However, an increase in labour supply decreases foreign investment as long as the producers of the private goods derive equal benefits from public infrastructure. In the case of complete specialisation, an increase in labour supply increases the provision of public infrastructure, which leads to an increase in the wage rate and foreign investment. An increase in labour supply increases welfare as long as the provision of public infrastructure involves some fixed cost.     

Investment in trade facilitating infrastructure: A political-economy analysis

This paper analyzes public investment in infrastructure that facilitates international trade. It considers a world consisting of small open economies that face transport costs for exporting or importing a particular good. Transport costs can be lowered by an improvement in transport infrastructure. National governments non-cooperatively decide about their respective country's investment level. Governments' preferences are assumed to be biased in favor of producers' interests with consequences for equilibrium investments: Exporting countries, whose producers benefit from a transport cost reduction, spend more for infrastructure than importing countries, whose producers are protected by transport costs from foreign competition. This outcome is inefficient, and governments have an incentive to cooperate internationally. The paper also incorporates bilateral trade with two goods that benefit from infrastructure improvements as well as trade that results from offshoring.     

中国农村小额贷款组织发展对策研究——以江苏省为例

本文从可持续性发展的角度出发,以江苏省为例,深入研究了中国农村小额贷款组织。本文分析了存在的问题,特别是制约农村小额贷款组织发展的瓶颈问题,也介绍了国内外的一些成功经验,并就发展中国农村小额贷款组织提出了一系列对策建议,以求将农村小额贷款组织打造为促进中国农村金融发展和农村稳定的重要工具。     

Compatibility Standards And Industry Competition: Two Case Studies

Case histories of two data communication interfaces provide evidence of complex strategic behavior in the setting of voluntary compatibility standards. These cases show how subtle differences in the design of standards development organizations affect incentives to cooperate, giving rise to systematic venue preferences. Dominant firms prefer more bureaucratic procedures offering greater protection for the status quo. The two interfaces, FDDI (under development in X3) and DQDB (under development in the IEEE) shed light on competition between the computer and telecommunications industries and the evolution of our communications infrastructure. They demonstrate the importance of standards for intra- and inter-industry competition.