农产品贸易保护的国际政治经济学分析

世贸组织多哈回合的坎昆会议上农产品贸易谈判的失败,集中体现出对外贸易政策的本质是其本国国内政治经济的反映。农产品的特点和作用以及农业的特殊地位决定了发达国家在农产品贸易中的高保护政策。对农产品贸易保护的国际政治经济学视角的分析能够使我们更好地了解发达国家在贸易谈判中的观点和立场。     

国际金融危机下的新贸易保护主义以及应对

贸易保护主义的新形式下,资本主义国家通过发挥非关税壁垒的屏障功能、操纵货币汇率、使用行政和法律手段干预国际贸易,因此,新贸易保护主义具有名义上的合理性、形式上的欺骗性、手段上的隐蔽性等特点。政府应该加强宏观调控,发挥行业协会的协调监督职能,提升出口企业的市场主体功能以应对新贸易保护主义。     

基于不同视角的法律经济学研究: 一个文献综述

法律经济学是20世纪后半期经济学界乃至法学界最重要的学术成果.但是,法律经济学的研究视角并不统一.基于经济学、法律、哲学、批判法学、女性主义、比较分析、博弈论和心理学不同视角的法律经济学研究,在不断修正法律经济分析存在的局限性的基础上,提高了法律经济学的解释力和预测力,使法律经济学的触角几乎遍及了法律和法学的每一个领域,并使法律经济学的研究成果日益充实和拓展.随着中国经济市场化改革的深入,不同视角的法律经济学的研究成果,为我们体察和审视中国经济改革中的法律制度的变革与演进,提供了富有启发性的理论结构.     

Foreign trade, local protectionism and industrial location in China

In this paper, we find that, in China, geographical changes of industrial bases in the 1980s had led to a slight drop in the extent of specialization and location imbalance, but in 1990s the specialization and industry imbalance have further developed. The geographical advantage for trade has a significant impact on the location patterns, and the effects of local protectionism are confined to the hinterland in 1990s. The role of comparative advantage in shaping industry location is evident, and some predictions derived from new economic geography are partially supported. __________ Translated from Jingjixue (Jikan) 经济学(季刊) (China Economic Quarterly), 2006, 5(3): 733–760     

Mini-symposium on economics and visual representation

The article deals with the development and reception of the so-called theory of internal goods, which is to be considered as one of the most fascinating contributions of Russian intellectual history to economic thought. The theory of internal goods investigates the connections between cultural and economic development. It clearly reflects the question of how Russia could overcome her economic and cultural backwardness compared to Western Europe. Although the representatives of the concept have failed to keep their promise to deliver an economic theory of civilization, they raised questions that to the present day have lost none of their actuality.     

新制度经济学革命:路径与方向

20世纪60、70年代,新制度经济学开始在经济学领域的诸多方面实现了理论突破,许多经济学者大胆预言"新制度经济学革命"即将到来.不过随着研究的深入,人们发现新制度经济学并未真正突破新古典分析框架,只是在多个层面上对新古典经济学进行了继承和发展.文章在简要评价新古典经济学学说体系的基础上,归纳新制度经济学的三条主要革新路径,通过与主流经济学的综合比较,对新制度经济学各分支革新的路径与方向进行了评价.     

工资决定理论:古典经济学与现代经济学的比较

工资决定或工资生成一直是经济学关注的热门话题。从历史演进过程看,先后出现了以配第和斯密等为代表的古典经济学的工资决定理论及流派众多的现代经济学的工资决定理论。本文概述了有代表性的古典经济学的工资决定理论及现代经济学的工资决定理论,简介了其产生背景和核心内容,并在此基础上从三个维度比较了两种工资理论的异同,提出了对探索和完善企业工资决定机制可资借鉴的几点启示。     

新世纪中国商务旅游面临的挑战及其应对策略

进入新世纪之后,中国商务旅游面临着前所未有的各种挑战,采取何种策略应对挑战,确保中国商务旅游可持续发展,成了当今中国商务旅游工作者共同关注的新课题。文章详分析了中国商务旅游在新世纪所面临的各种挑战,并从多维的角度提出了应对各种挑战的策略。     

贸易保护主义的制度经济学分析

随着国际贸易经济的发展,资产在国际间的流动逐渐成为国际贸易中不可忽略的一个重要组成部分,其是否发生沉淀成本有可能对国际商品贸易和投资产生重要影响,不仅会影响国际贸易的总量和产品构成,而且还会影响一国贸易政策的选择。如果一国进行了沉淀成本投资,就会使其在贸易谈判中陷入进退两难困境,失去了讨价还价的力量,并影响其在贸易利益上的分配格局。因而为了摆脱这种被要挟和被控制的风险,政府实行一定的保护主义政策是十分必要的。     

Poisoned grapes,mad cows and protectionism

This paper studies two episodes where a ban on imports was imposed to safeguard people's health. The first case is the poisoned grapes crisis involving Chile and the United States in 1989. The second is the “mad cows” dispute, which broke out in 1996, between the United Kingdom and the European Union. These case studies motivate a new definition of “protectionist measure” which is applied to argue that the European Union's ban on British beef exports was not protectionist, while the US ban on Chilean fruit possibly classifies as such a measure.     

比较优势战略理论新证

竞争优势理论的追随者往往将比较优势与竞争优势两个范畴对立起来,或者干脆使用竞争优势理论来否定比较优势理论.林毅夫先生在指出对这两种理论相互关系的上述理解是错误的、主张竞争优势的建立离不开比较优势发挥的基础上,提出了经济发展的比较优势战略理论,引起了广泛的讨论.本文尝试通过新兴古典的超边际分析,论证了促进国际贸易的良性发展离不开比较优势的充分发挥,同时也为林毅夫先生的观点提供了佐证.     

保卫民族产业与内向型经济:中国崛起的唯一选择

历史经验说明,保护主义和内向型经济是发展中大国经济崛起的必由之路。英国通过保护主义造就了产业革命的辉煌,美国通过典型的内向型经济实现了对英国的赶超。那种把保护主义看作是落后的代名词,认为保护主义无法解决技术进步问题并导致企业不能承受国际竞争的看法与历史经验大相径庭。我国以自由贸易、加入全球产业价值链和依赖外国直接投资为核心的出口导向型经济发展模式是目前我国经济陷入诸多经济困境的主要根源,这使我们不得不重新认识保护主义和内向型经济发展战略的基本经济学原理。为了从目前的经济困局中突围出来,并重新开启中国经济崛起之路,提出了保卫民族产业,实现中国经济崛起的十大战略方针。     

On some ‘Austrian’ misreadings of Cantillon's notions of intrinsic value and market price

The article clarifies some aspects of the Cantillonian notions of intrinsic value and of market prices. Furthermore, the major flaws of the ‘Austrian’ interpretations put forward in recent years by Rothbard and Thornton are highlighted. This criticism provides an additional dimension to the view already expressed by Groenewegen against the new edition of Cantillon's Essai by Thornton. Finally, the connection between the Essai and mature classical economics is highlighted and the proposed ‘Austrian’ interpretation of Cantillon is strongly rejected.     

Resisting Protectionism after the Crisis: Strategic Economic Discourse and the EU–Korea Free Trade Agreement

In 2006 the European Commission announced its Global Europe strategy, which proposed pursuing a series of ambitious Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) premised on exchanging the EU's remaining ‘pockets of protection’ for market access. The first of these agreements was signed with South Korea in October 2010. This article asks how the Commission's Directorate-General (DG) for Trade could successfully conclude this agreement in the aftermath of the Financial Crisis. Given a strong mobilisation of protectionists with access to policy-makers, this liberal policy outcome cannot be explained purely in terms of institutional insulation, as in much of the literature on EU trade policy, nor be simply ‘read off’ from the material interests of societal actors. This article, therefore, develops a constructivist framework which broadens our understanding of the power of strategically invoked economic discourses. By developing a novel analytical strategy to determine the intentional invocation of such discourses, it is able to show how DG Trade constructed an ideational imperative for liberalisation in Global Europe, enabling it to overcome opposition to the EU–Korea FTA. Beyond its contribution to constructivist scholarship, this article draws attention to the neglected dimension of ideas in trade policy and highlights the continued purchase of neoliberalism after the crisis.     

Political economy and the ‘modern view’ as reflected in the history of economic thought

This paper focuses on the transition from classical political economy to ‘modern’ economics, a central aspect of which is the ascent of the conception of ‘theory’ as a mere instrument of research. We analyse how this transitional phase was perceived and interpreted in representative, more or less contemporaneous histories of economic thought: those by Luigi Cossa in 1880, by John Kells Ingram in 1915 (originally published in 1888), and by Charles Gide and Charles Rist in 1915. Despite their differences, all authors share the same conception of the structure of scientific laws, as well as the view that economics must be separated from liberalism.     

正确认识现代西方经济学

钱颖一（1981年毕业于清华大学数学专业。1982年获得美国哥伦比亚大学统计学硕士。1984年获得耶鲁大学运筹学／管理科学硕士。1990年获哈佛大学经济学博士学位。1990年至1999年任斯坦福大学经济系助理教授。他的主要研究领域包括组织和制度经济学、转轨经济学以及中国的经济改革和发展。1999年至2001年任马里兰大学经济系教授。2001年至今任伯克利加州大学经济系教授。同时任清华大学经济管理学院特聘教授和清华大学中国与世界经济研究中心教授、研究员。——编者注)认为，现代西方经济学代表了一种研究经济行为和现象的分析方法或框架，并认为它由三个主要部分组成：视角、参照系或基准点和分析工具。笔者针对现代西方经济学这三个部分进行了深入的分析，认为现代西方经济学的理论分析框架，从视角、参照系到分析工具处处体现出了强烈的非科学甚至反科学的倾向，其理论除了为资本主义制度辩护和让发展中国家屈从于国际垄断资本外，别无价值。     

A Note on Laurence Seidman’s Article

Mihail Manoilescu was among the foremost intellectual figures of the interwar period in Romania. He was known as a politician and central banker, as well as an economist. From the very beginning of his theoretical and practical career, or at least from the late 1920s onward, Manoilescu’s ideas and theories (especially his corporatist theory) were marked by clear continuity and consistency based on the theory of protectionism grounded on productivity differences. By developing his model — an alternative to the theory of comparative advantage — Manoilescu endeavored to show the need for protectionist measures to promote the development of peripheral countries. His defense of protectionism is usually presented as clumsy and founded on an incorrect method, even if he is often recognized as the forerunner of the theory of unequal exchange and the dependency theory. Few scholars note the similarity of Manoilescu’s theory with Karl Marx’s labor theory. This paper contributes to validating Manoilescu’s conclusions, the soundness of which we test here by reconstructing the theory from a Marxian perspective. A reconstruction of this type offers new possibilities of evaluating his theory and a better understanding of its contributions and limitations.