Estimation of option and non-use values for intercity passenger rail services

This paper considers option and non-use values of intercity passenger rail services in Korea. The total economic value of a given transport service can be classified into use, option and non-use values, but other grouping rules can be applied, respectively. The use value is the consumer’s surplus from the actual ride of a specific mode. The option value, on the other hand, can be defined as a traveller’s willingness to pay for reserving a travel mode, which is not his or her main choice, as a standby alternative. Finally, the non-use value represents benefits that are not attributable to the actual use or option use, but to the vicarious, altruistic, functional and existing worth of a transport service. A random stated preference survey based on a double-bounded dichotomous choice is conducted. A survival model is applied to the data collected. Calculations are based on trip makers’ willingness to pay for option and non-use values, using the parameters of the estimated survival model. Some concluding remarks are also presented.     

Optimal performance-based subsidies in Norwegian intercity rail transport

A Norwegian White Paper on public transport paved the way for performance-based contracts for passenger rail. In order to estimate socially optimal economic incentives, we have calibrated and used a model which optimises public transport services and subsequently allows us to design incentives for operators that will induce them to provide the proper level of service. Our recommendations for intercity services have been implemented in the 2003 contract between the Norwegian State Railways and the Ministry of Transport and Communications.     

铁路旅客运输损害赔偿的难点及对策

通过对铁路运输企业在处理旅客损害事故过程中的难点进行分析,阐述了赔偿的法律责任,并针对难点问题提出了相应对策,以期为规范处理旅客伤害事故提供借鉴。     

A meta-model for passenger and freight transport in Europe

On the basis of the outcomes of five disaggregate national models for passenger transport, four national models for freight transport and two European transport models, a fast and approximate meta-model for passenger and freight transport in Europe has been developed. The meta-model for passenger transport includes a detailed segmentation of the population, which makes it possible to investigate the impact of policies on many different groups of the population. The meta-model for passenger and freight transport has been applied for a reference scenario for 2020 and to simulate many elements of the European Commission's Common Transport Policy. These policy measures were also assessed in terms of the consequences on the internal and external cost of transport.     

Air passenger transport and economic activity

In the present paper we analyze whether a correlation exists between air passenger transport and economic activity at world level and for the various geographical areas of the world. Econometric models are calibrated and the coefficient of determination is calculated for each case. The whole analysis permits an estimation of a plausible evolution of air passenger transport activity and of its growth rates that can be expected.     

对客运专线及城际铁路中间站站区规划的分析

新建客运专线及城际铁路中间站主要位于县市地级中小城市,车站数量较多,在设计中逐步形成固定模式。分析这类车站站区规划,找出符合其客流特点与城市发展的规律,有利于做好铁路与城市衔接的规划与设计,发挥客运专线及城际铁路的作用,也有利于设计者对这类车站设计时更加重视和做好每一个环节。     

我国铁路客运市场特点及客运专线客流组织原则研究

旅客运输需求是我国铁路客运专线运输组织与经营管理的基础。从市场总量、客流性质、旅客平均运距、跨线客流比例几方面概括我国铁路既有线客运市场的现状特征,基于京津城际铁路客流调查数据,分析城际客运专线客流量的周期性与波动性特征以及客流构成情况。参考国外高速铁路运营的成功经验,提出在坚持路网整体性和产品多样性的前提下,合理运用节拍式列车开行方案,满足旅客出行需求,对我国客运专线客流组织原则及合理开发客运专线产品进行探讨。     

Public transport pre-pay tickets: Understanding passenger choice for different products

Growing cashless services in the Sydney metropolitan region are motivated by the clear supply-side benefits associated with the prepayment of public transport fares. This paper examines the effect on prepay following the ‘MyZone’ fare and ticket reform in New South Wales introduced in April 2010. ‘MyZone’, introduced two new discounted and standardised prepay products, including a new, multimode ticket. Whilst these changes had implications for all public transport providers in the Sydney Metropolitan area, it had significant ramifications for the many private bus operators who, for the first time, could provide and accept tickets, which integrated their services with the state-run rail, ferry and bus network.With empirical data collected from two surveys of passengers of a private bus operator in northern Sydney this study analyses the ticket purchasing behaviour of passengers both before the fare reform, when passengers only had access to operator-specific prepay products, and post-MyZone, when the new standardised prepay products were available. The results clearly show there are significant differences in the characteristics of passengers using multi-modal versus pay-as-you-go tickets and that this difference is driven largely by age, income and whether or not the journey involved interchange. Prior to MyZone, prepay users were easily predicted and the fare and ticket reform was successful in transitioning some cash users to prepay but prepay users were no longer predictable unless separated into prepay product groups. This suggests that a policy designed to exploit the supply-side benefits associated with cashless services needs to consider that introducing only one prepay product will not address the market need of frequent users. Passengers who continued to pay cash after the fare and ticket reform showed high sensitivity to public transport cost and are those passengers with the lowest incomes. This raises policy questions of how to mitigate against the upfront costs often associated with prepay to transition less affluent, but frequent passengers, onto cashless ticketing.     

铁路客运合同立法研究

铁路客运合同立法直接关系到铁路承运人与旅客之间的权利义务,是铁路立法的重要内容。探讨铁路客运合同的性质和特征、铁路旅客车票的法律属性、铁路客运合同的成立与生效以及铁路承运人的安全保障义务和列车晚点责任等热点问题,以供铁路立法参考。     

铁路集装箱运输组织方式客运化的研究

我国铁路集装箱运输存在运输效率低、运输效益差的弊端，其安全、快捷等优势远未得到发挥。对比铁路客运和货运的特点，提出铁路集装箱运输组织方式客运化的方向及实施条件和办法。     

Socio-technical transition governance and public opinion: The case of passenger transport in Finland

As a governance perspective, transition management views the engagement of a wide variety of stakeholders in policy development as a necessary element in furthering sustainability through enhanced social learning. Yet as a literature it has paid relatively little attention to public consultation on socio-technical change. Here we set transition management in the context of longstanding debates in science and technology studies, technology assessment and deliberative democracy. Empirically, we use national survey data on Finnish public opinion of state support for future transport options. Showing how transport practices and attitudes to transport innovation policy vary with both demography and geography, we argue that these differences have implications for policy legitimacy. We suggest that, both given and despite the practical difficulties of deliberative democracy, use of participative opinion surveying to better understand social groups with needs and interests that differ from national averages, may help to enhance policy legitimacy and hence the success of transition management.     

综合客运交通枢纽分类分级研究

在分析现有研究的基础上,结合城市交通特性和综合客运交通枢纽发展方向,对综合客运交通枢纽定义、分类、分级和规模等问题进行探讨。梳理目前枢纽建设所面临的问题,结合未来城市建设重点以及城市部分功能的调整情况,理清枢纽建设与上述问题之间的内在联系,探讨枢纽的功能定位、分类、分级等问题,为今后综合客运交通枢纽规划建设提供技术支撑,实现不同区域综合客运交通枢纽的差别化布局和规划,促进综合客运交通枢纽系统、区域交通一体化以及社会经济的全面发展。     

Determining passenger potential for a regional airline hub at Canberra International Airport

This study investigates the implications on passenger flows of a regional airline adding a hub to its existing network. The very specific application focuses on a hub addition at Canberra International Airport (Australia) by Hazelton Airlines, although the approach is sufficiently general to implement for other hubs and regional airlines.     

武汉铁路局客运市场分析及营销对策建议

针对武汉铁路局从2006年至2011年客运量持续增长现象,结合武汉铁路客运市场特点,分析客运量持续增长的原因。根据2012年客运营销目标,探讨营销思路,提出在市场开发、推广渠道、激励机制、营销重点、营销机制、服务质量等方面应采取的具体营销对策。     

Air transport policy and its impacts on passenger traffic and tourist flows

This paper attempts to derive policy indices to quantify the restrictiveness of the aviation regimes in the Asia-Pacific region, and use the indices to establish the relationship between people movement and liberalisation in policy. Australia and Singapore have the most liberalised environment in this region. Evidence has been found that passenger traffic between city-pairs has been hampered by the restrictive air transport policies. Restrictions on the air transport sector also have a substantial negative impact on bilateral tourist flows. Further liberalisation in this sector could help build up a stronger tourism industry.     

客运站综合交通体系技术评价指标体系初探

研究客运站综合交通体系,制订科学的规划设计方法和评价指标,对于我国铁路未来客运站建设具有重要的现实意义。从这一目的出发,研究客运站综合交通体系的技术评价,分别从客运站选址、综合交通枢纽布局、换乘衔接、周边道路的适应性以及各种交通方式间的运能匹配等几个方面分析客运站综合交通体系,并提出相应的评价指标。     

Identification and classification of public transport activity centres in Stockholm using passenger flows data

Urban geography could be characterized by analysing the patterns that describe the flows of people and goods. Measuring urban structures is essential for supporting an evidence-based spatial planning policy. The objective of this study is to examine how the spatial–temporal distribution of public transport passenger flow could be used to reveal urban structure dynamics. A methodology to identify and classify centres based on mobility data was applied to Metropolitan Stockholm in Sweden using multi-modal public transport passenger flows. Stockholm is known for its long-term monocentric planning with a dominant central core and radial public transport system. Strategic nodes along its radial public transport system have been a focus for development of sub-centres. Although the regional planning policy embraces a shift towards a polycentric planning policy, the results indicate that this has not been realized insofar.     

发展城际铁路对交通产业结构优化影响的探讨

在总结城际高速铁路特点的基础上,提出影响交通产业结构优化的因素。结合实例,分析现阶段发展城际高速铁路对交通产业结构优化的影响,提出城际铁路的发展建议。     

Mode choice behavior analysis of air transport on the introduction of remotely piloted passenger aircraft

Remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) are expected to be applied to passenger aircraft; however there is a lack of research which analyzes choice behavior for RPA compared to conventionally piloted aircraft (CPA), in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to present a model for air travelers’ mode choice behaviors under the assumption that RPAs are introduced to the market. Results show that the fare of RPA should be lowered by a certain amount (i.e., discount factor of RPA) to compete with CPA, and the discount factor should be higher for older, female, and frequent travelers. The results also show that there are still concerns about RPA, and pilot on board is preferred. Through this study, it will be possible to predict the acceptance of newly introduced technology in consideration of socio-demographic characteristics of potential customers.     

Willingness to pay for travel time reliability in passenger transport: A review and some new empirical evidence

This paper reviews and critiques the modelling frameworks and empirical measurement paradigms used to obtain willingness to pay (WTP) for improved travel time reliability, suggesting new directions for ongoing research. We also estimate models to derive values of reliability, scheduling costs and reliability ratios in the context of Australian toll roads and use the new evidence to highlight the important influence of the way that trip time variability is included in stated preference studies in deriving WTP estimates of reliability in absolute terms, and relative to the value of travel time savings.