浅谈商业银行国际贸易融资业务发展现状

国际贸易融资,对于商业银行以及部分进出口企业来说并不陌生,因为近几年,在经济全球化的影响下,进出口贸易无论在数量上还是金额上,均获得了蓬勃发展。各商业银行纷纷推出贸易融资产品以满足企业进出口融资需求,使得国际贸易融资在银行融资业务中的比重不断攀升。一方面可以满足进出口商在国际贸易中对流动资金的需求,促进国际贸易的顺利进行,另一方面,也推动了银行业务的发展、赚取了利润。然而,世界金融危机的爆发,集中揭露了这种信用便利潜在的风险,这不仅影响了其功能的发挥,也将银行资产置于不利之地。本文通过分析国际贸易融资发展状况、存在的风险,提出了可行的防范措施。     

Theoretical milestones in international business: The journey to international entrepreneurship theory

For many decades global business was considered the preserve of large multinationals and traditional international business theory was developed to explain the behaviour of these firms. However, increasingly there is a realization that the small entrepreneurial firm has an important role to play in international business especially given that there are strong globalization pressures that both pull and push the small firm into international markets to ensure its very survival. On the questions of how and why international business takes place, several theoretical approaches have been developed that appear to run parallel to each other. However, this paper posits that the point of convergence is international entrepreneurship.     

浅析国际贸易的发展及实现机制

国际贸易具有促进国家经济增长、增加就业和提高收入水平的重要作用,我们称之为贸易的发展利益或动态利益,已为理论研究和经济生活实际所证明.国际贸易促进一国经济发展的条件是多方面的.既有国内的条件,也有国际环境条件;既有微观条件,也要有宏观条件.     

商务档案管理在国际贸易中的作用

现代社会经济发展的多元化管理形势下,档案管理已经成为各项事务管理的重要形式.商务档案是经济主体在各种商务活动过程中直接形成的原始记录.新形势下,商务档案管理对于促进各项商务活动的健康运行举足轻重,同时又与社会各个阶层密切联系,相互促进相互发展,商务档案管理,在国际贸易活动中发挥了积极作用.     

Trends in international business,thought, and literature: The past and future of political analysis for international business

The literature on political risks (and opportunities) in international business has expanded far beyond its initial preoccupation with expropriation and instability in “third world,” developing countries. The literature has thus become more concerned with other types of government policies and with political conditions in “first world” and “second world” countries as well. In those respects, the literature has developed analytically and become of more widespread relevance to managerial issues in international business. This article reviews the topical coverage of the political risk literature of international business, and in addition it considers key analytical issues concerning the levels of analysis, theoretical content, and analytical methods that have been evident, as well as those that have been neglected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Banking globalization and international business cycles: Cross-border chained credit contracts and financial accelerators

This paper constructs a two-country DSGE model to study the nature of the recent financial crisis and its effects that spread immediately throughout the world owing to the globalization of banking. In the model, financial intermediaries (FIs) enter into chained credit contracts at home and abroad, engaging in cross-border lending to entrepreneurs by undertaking cross-border borrowing from investors. The FIs as well as the entrepreneurs in two countries are credit constrained, so all of their net worths matter. Our model reveals that under FIs' globalization, adverse shocks that hit one country affect the other, yielding business cycle synchronization on both the real and financial sides. It also suggests that the FIs' globalization, net worth shock, and credit constraints are key to understanding the recent financial crisis.     

Twenty-five years of business systems research and lessons for international business studies

Since 1992, the national business systems (NBS) approach has been increasingly used to analyse not only firm characteristics, structures and strategies within NBS, but also the nature of international business and its interactions with both national and transnational institutions. In reviewing 25 years of NBS literature, we heed calls in IB journals urging researchers to use NBS notions and findings in IB research. Our systematic review of 96 articles analyses the patterns and contributions of NBS literature, revealing four thematic junctures: (1) comparative business systems, (2) firm internationalisation and the management/organisation inside MNCs, (3) the role of internationalisation in the development of organisational capabilities and innovation and (4) the emergence of transnational communities in and across firms and societies. Themes are described in terms of (a) the research questions (RQ) they focus on, (b) how NBS approach investigates the RQ and what are the major findings, (c) how IB frames and approaches the same RQ, (d) how does the NBS approach extend the perspectives of IB and (e) what are the problems faced by NBS in terms of developing further insights into the RQ. Our review contributes to the recent endeavour of IB research to institutionalism, encouraging a productive dialogue between IB and NBS research.     

当代国际贸易发展的趋势及我国的对策

20世纪90年代以来，经济全球化和高新技术的发展，对传统国际贸易产生了深刻的影响。国际贸易发展在保持其80年代所出现的发展中国家在世界贸易中地位增强，国际贸易在支持世界经济增长以及服务贸易异军突起等特点的基础上，近期又出现了几大新的发展趋势，而研究国际贸易的发展趋势，是我国制定和完善出口发展战略的重要前提。本通过研究当代国际贸易的发展趋势，分析了我国应该如何制定相应的政策来促进我国对外贸易的发展。     

Can the standard international business cycle model explain the relation between trade and comovement?

Recent empirical research finds that pairs of countries with stronger trade linkages tend to have more highly correlated business cycles. We assess whether the standard international business cycle framework can replicate this intuitive result. We employ a three-country model with transportation costs. We simulate the effects of increased goods market integration under two asset market structures, complete markets and international financial autarky. Our main finding is that under both asset market structures the model can generate stronger correlations for pairs of countries that trade more, but the increased correlation falls far short of the empirical findings. Even when we control for the fact that most country-pairs are small with respect to the rest-of-the-world, the model continues to fall short. We also conduct additional simulations that allow for increased trade with the third country or increased TFP shock comovement to affect the country-pair's business cycle comovement. These simulations are helpful in highlighting channels that could narrow the gap between the empirical findings and the predictions of the model.     

Social distance between residents and international tourists—Implications for international business

This paper uses the social distance concept and employs a revised version of Bogardus’ [Bogardus, E. S. (1933b). Social problems and social processes: Selected papers from the proceedings of the American sociological society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press] social-distance scale, to explore cognitive structures of Austrian residents towards Japanese and German tourists. The removal of conflicts between residents and international tourists is vital to improve the economic outcomes of the exchange of individuals from various cultural backgrounds. This can help the tourism sector, which is significant factor in the service industry. Data from a quota-sample of 449 respondents, commenting on everyday life interactions with German and Japanese tourists is used. Similarity analysis methodology is applied to ‘link’ statements and interpret differences in views towards tourist encounters. Austrian residents view tourist groups similar in terms of brief interactions (e.g. when visiting museums or walking in gardens). However, long-term relationships (e.g. kindergarten and schools vs. personal invitation to homes) manifest themselves differently. The cognitive structures of interaction we identify can be seen as conflict-coping strategies. For residents, social distance serves as a means to avoid malfunctioning relationships. In that respect, Austrians are more reluctant to engage in personal interactions with Japanese tourists than with German tourists. The paper concludes with managerial recommendations for international business and tourism managers that are designed to improve social and economic performance of interaction.     

EDI在国际贸易应用中的相关法律问题

电子数据交换(EDI)并不是一个离我们遥远的技术问题。EDI的兴起与广泛应用不仅冲击着传统的经济领域,同时也成为相关立法的一个新课题。对EDI在国际贸易立法方面带来的新问题从几个不同角度进行探讨,已成为相关立法领域的一个新课题。     

Trends in international business thought and literature: Reviewing east asia's miracle,its economic dynamism,and future issues

East Asia's miracle and its economic dynamism has become a popular topic for academic and business research. Researchers and practitioners have used many theories and justifications to explain this area. Since there is limited consensus among the researchers regarding the East Asian miracle, viewpoints, interpretations, and discipline-centered critiques remain equivocal. This article reviews and analyzes salient issues of this debate, its multidisciplinary contents, and some of the inherent differences between various perspectives put forward by the researchers. The importance of this review lies in its multidisciplinary approach and cross-referencing.     

Overlapping free trade agreements and international trade: A network approach

In our work, we have analysed the effect of the hub‐and‐spoke nature of free trade agreements (FTA s) on trade. Contrary to previous analyses, we have considered the effects of the country's position in the FTA network on the bilateral trade of the hub country. We have conducted an in‐depth analysis of the global network of FTA s, focusing particularly on its evolution in the last 15 years. We have utilised a panel data set covering the period 1960–2010 to investigate the effects of the hub‐and‐spoke on trade. Our results show that the countries that are more connected to FTA s export more than those that are less involved, although not all the partner countries you can connect with are the same. An increase in the number of spokes that have no link between them has, on average, a negative effect on the trade of the hub, which indicates that signing FTA s with every country is not the optimal strategy for increasing trade. However, if we consider the way new FTA s change the relative position of a country, we can see that if new FTA s make the country more central or less constrained in the network, these new agreements have a strongly positive and significant pro‐trade effect.     

Entrepreneurial ability, income distribution, and international trade

This paper develops a two-sector model in which the firms in one sector are heterogeneous due to differences in the level of ability between entrepreneurs. Changes in prices lead to entry or exit of marginal firms and changes in the size of infra-marginal firms. The effects of endowment changes and output price changes are shown to depend on factor intensities of marginal and infra-marginal firms. Conflicts between entrepreneurs may arise over commercial policies if factor intensities differ sufficiently in the heterogeneous sector.