PERSPECTIVE: An Analysis of 22 Years of Research in JPIM*

Numerous articles have been published in the Journal of Product Innovation Management (JPIM) since its inception in 1984, representing the most advanced studies dedicated to the management practice in all of the functions involved in the total process of product innovation. It is timely to draw a research profile by investigating the research patterns and development in JPIM to reflect the evolution of the field. First of all, the present study performed a text analysis of 544 research articles published from 1984 to 2005 and then developed a list of research streams. Next, each article was analyzed by coding the following information: the author's background (i.e., academic or professional), the author's country of affiliation, the research topic, the structure of theoretical framework (i.e., analog, composite, or propositional), the type of research design, the quantitative analytical technique, the types of industries, and the countries investigated in the empirical studies. The results indicated that JPIM had made substantial progress in two points. The first is the expanded collaborations of authors, which are not only within the national boundary but also across countries and continents. With such a divergence of research traditions and cultural perspectives, this cooperation offers the potential to enrich the stock of new product development and innovation management theories as well as methodologies more than single‐country arrangement. The second is a high degree of science in respect of methodology. Although JPIM has become a major journal for business research, three opportunities of knowledge advancement were suggested. The first is to reduce the domination of American and European publication and to promote article submission from developing countries. The second concerns the need of relatively broad theoretical schema and diversified research methods. The last opportunity lies in the encouragement of research on certain promising topics.     

Sunk Costs and the Depth and Probability of Technology Adoption

I propose that sunk costs of learning and the output over which these costs are spread determine the probability and depth of technology adoption. Depth of adoption describes the extent to which firms exploit the advantages of the technology. I find that plant size but not firm size predicts CAD and CNC adoption. Learning costs are lumpy, are closely connected to technology adoption and determine both the probability and depth of adoption. Depth of adoption is considerably more plant idiosyncratic than the decision to adopt.     

天津市生产性服务业发展现状与制约因素分析

近年来,作为现代服务业核心的生产性服务业得到迅猛发展,已经成为我国经济新的增长点.理论界对生产性服务的研究方兴未艾.但是,也应该看到,生产性服务业有发展不平衡、对地方经济辐射力不够等诸多问题,本文通过对比交通运输、仓储、和邮政业等五大主要生产性服务业的发展现状,获得经验,并对天律生产服务业的优化发展提出设想.     

CTP技术热点分析

爱克发公司是业内印前领域的佼佼者,它生产的CTP系统及耗材在品种上是最全的。作者从爱克发的产品出发,客观地分析了目前市场上CTP领域各种主流技术的优劣。他同时建议有意上马CTP系统的企业,抛开技术方面的困扰,按照自己的实际需求,选择设备和耗材。     

服务外包动因机制分析及发展趋势预测 --美国服务外包的验证

20世纪90年代以来，随着信息技术的迅速发展，许多企业都把非核心服务活动交给外部企业执行，服务外包得到蓬勃发展。本文以美国服务外包情况为例，依据投入产出表和其他相关数据对服务外包的发展动因、影响服务外包各种力量的强弱，以及对服务外包的发展趋势进行实证分析和预测，以期对服务外包内在变动机制进行详细而较为全面的研究和阐释。     

国外大石油石化公司低成本战略剖析

对近年国外大石油石化公司的“低成本战略”进行了全方位,多角度的综合分析,并提出了适合我国石油石化工业国情的“低成本战略”。     

国外政府公共服务均等化实践及其对我国的启示

国外政府公共服务均等化经过较长时间的实践探索,已经积累了一定的经验。积极吸取这些经验,改进我国的政府公共服务,需要以服务均等化为核心价值追求,建立健全政府转移支付制度,建立自下而上的服务需求表达机制,建立政府公共服务均等化度量体系。     

产业技术选择与产业技术生态环境的耦合效应分析

技术选择问题是技术经济学研究的核心问题。技术选择在技术转移、技术扩散与技术变迁过程中起着重要作用。是发展中国家技术能力发展的首要阶段。本文从生态学角度,系统分析了产业技术选择与技术生态环境耦合效应,并以吉林省37个工业产业研究对象进行了实证研究。实证结果显示,吉林省工业产业中技术选择与技术生态环境之间不匹配现象普遍存在,超过80%产业耦合效应处于失调状态,并且产业规模是制约产业选择技术水平的约束因素。     

Sectoral Heterogeneity in New Service Development: An Exploratory Study of Service Types and Success Factors

The service industry is of fundamental relevance for the economies of industrialized countries, as the service industry produces the highest growth in the gross domestic product. In this regard, new service development (NSD) represents a critical resource for competitive survival and a decisive factor of growth in the service industry. However, service firms across many industries are increasingly faced with the challenge of determining how best to manage their development of new service offerings. Although researchers have shown growing interest in NSD issues, this area is still underutilized. Furthermore, although the heterogeneity of the service industry has been emphasized for years, the current body of research on NSD mainly focuses on specific service environments, providing data that are often not comparable across different service sectors. Additionally, there is no study to date that comprehensively examines innovation activities and the relevance of service innovations’ success factors within different service industries. The aim of this exploratory study is to establish a more balanced picture of the nature of innovation activities in terms of NSD characteristics and success factors in the heterogeneous service industry. From this perspective, this paper begins with an examination of the factors that contribute to the success of NSD. Based on a meta‐analysis of new service success factor studies, 17 different success determinants are classified and aggregated to service‐related success determinants. Subsequently, a cluster analysis of 1016 service companies is used to identify different service innovation types. For the service sector, four service innovation types are determined: efficient developers, innovative developers, interactive adopters, and standardized adopters. Furthermore, based on interviews with service innovation managers, the previously identified success factors are examined for each innovation type using a standardized survey. Finally, based on the results of this exploratory study, the paper concludes with recommendations for NSD management and research propositions for each service innovation type. These propositions support innovation managers to successfully manage service innovations for the innovation type they are operating in.     

安塞油田数字化计量技术的应用

针对安塞油田在低、中高含水期油井计量的不同特点．对数字化计量技术在安塞油田单井、井组和井站的应用状况进行了描述，对应用效果进行了评价，并提出了安塞油田计量技术向仪表化、自动化、数字信息化方向发展的规划。     

The Use of Information Technology by National Unions: An Exploratory Analysis

Exploratory factor analysis and correlation techniques are applied to survey data to examine national unions' use of information technology (IT). We identify common dimensions in current and planned use of IT forms, its applications, and implementation issues. Finally, relations among these dimensions and selected union characteristics are examined.     

技术监督在水力压裂过程中的应用分析

从压裂方案的设计与施工过程入手,针对各道工序的技术要点及控制关键,全面分析技术监督的重要意义和对施工质量的影响,以求提高作业质量,增加油水井措施效果。     

Revisiting technical workers: professional and organisational identities in the software industry

This paper eradicates some of the myths of software workers as prototypes of the knowledge worker. Based on qualitative and quantitative research conducted in five Information Technology (IT) organisations, it examines how the factors of education, skill level and work role determine the opportunities presented to these workers, and how they are associated with differing levels of organisational identity. At the same time, the data reveal a consistently high professional identity, regardless of work role and qualifications.     

直接转矩控制技术在油田应用效果分析

介绍一种新型的电机控制技术——直接转矩控制技术,并对该技术在油田现场的应用效果进行了分析。该技术通过控制定子电压,实现了对电机转矩的直接控制。现场节能测试结果表明,节能效果显著。因此,该技术具有一定的经济效益和推广应用价值。     

PERSPECTIVE: Empirical Generalization and the Role of Culture in New Product Development*

Empirical generalization continues to be a challenge in most applied fields that favor publication of original results. The purpose of this study was to report on a new product development exercise in one, controlled cultural setting, which replicates and extends Ettlie (2002) . Results from four recent graduate business classes in Portugal show that the background of students—technical versus other or mixed—is a nearly perfect predictor of the average or central estimates the class makes tendency (median) of new product success in the exercise. Country matters little. These results have now persisted over nearly seven years, and implications are discussed concerning theory, practice, and future research.     

产业链定位、分工与集聚如何影响企业创新——基于江苏省制造业企业问卷调查的实证研究

本文利用对江苏省342家制造业企业的调查问卷实证研究了产业链定位、分工和集聚效应对于企业创新强度的影响,结果发现:处于产业链终端环节企业并没有表现出特定的创新优势,一定程度上反映出我国制造业产业链中的终端集成环节并未形成相应市场势力或集成创新能力;分工活动(以供应商数量作为度量指标)与创新强度之间呈现较为复杂的U型非线性关系;集聚效应并未对我国微观企业创新活动产生积极影响,未成为激发集群创新动力的有机载体。针对以上实证结果,基于我国经济转型背景和企业微观层面行为特征,我们就产业链定位、分工与集聚效应三个因素与我国制造业企业创新活动的内在关系与作用机理,结合统计性分析进一步进行了剖析和解释,并据此提出了相应的可行对策思路。     

不同类型国家对外开放政策的比较

不管是老牌工业化国家还是新兴工业化国家，其工业化过程一般是和经济对外开放过程紧密结合在一起的。由于这些国家在规模、自然资源以及科技水平等方面存在着巨大差异，从而使其所实行的对外开放政策有着很大区别。比较这些差异和区别，分析其对工业化所产生的不同影响，对于正确制定我国的对外开放政策，从而促进我国的工业化进程，有着重大现实意义。     

信息产业与中国经济增长的实证分析

信息产业对经济增长的贡献不断上升,对优化产业结构和平抑物价总水平的上涨都起到了重要的作用,已成为经济发展的主导产业部门。信息产业较高的全要素生产率增长率,使得中国技术进步的变化越来越依赖信息技术的创新和应用。在当前全球经济危机的背景下,信息技术产业依然是我国经济增长的重要源泉。     

Determinants of Inward Technology Licensing Intentions: An Empirical Analysis of Australian Engineering Firms

This article empirically examines the factors that affect Australian engineering firms' propensities or intentions to adopt inward technology licensing (ITL) as a new product development method. Kwaku Atuahene-Gima reports results indicating that the major factors that influence the firm's propensity to adopt ITL are previous ITL experience, perceived relative costs and benefits of ITL, awareness of ITL opportunities, and the firm's internal new product development and R&D capabilities. The findings afford managerial insights into the firm's technology acquisition and marketing strategies.     

Launch Decisions and the Early Market Survival of Innovations: An Empirical Analysis of the Italian Mobile Value‐Added Services (VAS) Industry

There is a surprisingly high number of new products and services that fail to produce enough return on the firm's investments in development and launch activities. Literature has shown that these failures can be due to a poorly planned and executed launch. Although a vast stream of research has studied how strategic and tactical launch decisions affect the performance of new products and services, some issues still need theoretical and empirical investigation. This paper aims to extend new product launch research in two ways. First, it studies how tactical launch decisions (i.e., investments in advertising and involvement of external organizations in the launch process) interact with an important strategic choice (i.e., the degree of radicalness of the new product or service) to affect new product performance. Second, it focuses on a particular dimension of performance, that is, early market survival, which has been overlooked in launch strategy and tactics research so far. Using a data set comprising more than 9300 new mobile value‐added services launched in Italy between 2003 and 2006, the paper finds that launch tactics interact with the radicalness of the innovation to affect early market survival. In particular, communicating the distinctive characteristics of the new product or service and partnering with external organizations during the launch process are tactics that work particularly well with radical innovations. This is possibly due to the fact that they help reduce customers’ uncertainty regarding expected benefits and transaction costs, and hence contribute to win their resistance to adopt the innovation soon after launch. Investments in corporate advertising lead instead to a tangible improvement of the probability of early market survival for both radical and incremental innovations. In other words, the positive impact on the probability of early survival of increasing investments in corporate advertising appears to be relevant for both radically and incrementally new services. One possible explanation is that this tactic helps increase the number of potential customers who come to know about the existence of the innovating firms and its offering soon after launch, but this is likely to be equally important to stimulate early diffusion of both incremental and radical innovations.