Price and quality competition with quality positions

In this study, we investigate price and quality decisions in a duopoly in the presence of firms’ quality positions , which are determined by the quality levels of their existing core products. Into a standard model of vertical differentiation, we incorporate a “repositioning cost” that is proportional to the quality differences between firms’ current and new products. By varying the levels of quality positions, we analyze the impact of this cost on the equilibrium outcomes. Our results show that the presence of repositioning costs restricts firms’ abilities to improve profitability and differentiate themselves vertically. As a result, a high‐positioned firm does not necessarily have a competitive advantage over a low‐positioned firm, even if the former offers a superior new product in equilibrium. In addition, if a low‐positioned firm is significantly cost‐efficient compared with its rival with regard to repositioning, then that firm can earn higher profits than those of a high‐positioned firm by strategically offering its low‐end product. These results contrast sharply with those based on the standard vertical differentiation model.     

人民币汇率变动对中国进口商品价格的传递效应——基于VECM的实证研究

本文在现有研究文献的基础上构建了适合我国汇率传递研究的分析框架,并将其应用于对我国商品进口价格汇率传递效应的实证检验。使用向量误差修正模型的实证研究表明,我国商品进口价格的汇率传递程度是不完全的,短期和长期传递率存在明显的差异与时滞,进口价格受外国厂商生产成本的影响程度相对更高一些。     

城市住房价格指数编制方法的拓展设计及实证检验

科学监测城市房价走势,在当前环境下尤为重要。为拓展国际通行方法编制国内单一城市房价指数的适用性,引入样本匹配重复交易法构建房价指数,以提高样本容量与可比性。基于上海数据的实证结果表明,相较于传统重复交易法和特征价格法,样本匹配重复交易法能更准确地反映住房价格变动,结果异常波动性更小,噪声影响程度更低,在克服样本代表性误差和变量缺失误差方面效果更显著,对编制国内城市房价指数具有较好应用价值。     

Price and quality decisions under network effects

I analyse monopoly pricing and quality decisions under network effects. High quality premium and low quality punishment are found to depend on how the impact of marginal costs on quality relates to the intensity of the network effect and the optimism of the producer about final demand. More precisely, marginal costs have to be low enough (but not too low) with respect to the intensity of the network effects and/or the optimism about final demand so that higher prices reflect higher quality. A similar conclusion can be drawn about incentives for quality provision, whenever quality is considered endogenous together with price.     

基于CAS的综合运输价格管理体系

结合我国综合运输价格管理的现状,通过分析综合运输价格管理体系的复杂性内涵,基于CAS对综合运输价格管理体系进行分析,并提出与价格管理体系的复杂性相对应的管理内容。     

量价分离法在确定建安工程造价中的应用

如何学习和掌握工程量清单及其计价规范,是建设领域每一单位不能不面对的新课题。量价分离法是工程量清单的一个具体应用,本文主要分析了实行量价分离法确定工程造价。     

股利政策对股票价格的影响实证研究

本文以2007-2015年上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所制造业全部A股为研究对象,对股利政策对股票价格的影响进行统计分析和实证检验。结果发现:样本公司之间的资本利得、股票回报率差别较大;股利政策的影响因素中,每股现金股利、资本利得、股票回报率和所有制结构对股票价格有显著的正面影响;而现金股利分配率对股票价格有显著的负面影响影响。     

几种常用价格评分办法的应用分析

分析汇总几种常用的价格评分办法及相应评标办法的适用范围。以货物类招标项目为例,重点分析了影响价格得分区间设置的因素及设置情况分类,以综合评估法在实践中的招标项目应用为具体案例,分析验证相关结论。为招标人合理选定评标办法提供了参考依据。     

Minimax estimators of a normal variance

In the estimation problem of unknown variance of a multivariate normal distribution, a new class of minimax estimators is obtained. It is noted that a sequence of estimators in our class converges to the Stein's truncated estimator. Received: March 1998     

具有网络效应的产品的价格竞争分析

具有网络效应的产品是指消费者在消费这种产品时所获得的效用会随着购买这种产品的其他消费者数量的增加而不断增加的产品。本文通过建立一个有两个厂商的离散动态决策模型,研究在分散决策的市场经济中生产具有网络效应的产品的厂商的价格决策对产品市场占有率的影响,价格决策影响产品市场占有率的动态演化的过程,以及市场均衡的务件和特征,包括产品不占有市场、占有部分市场以及上有今都市场的价格条件。     

基于包容性发展的绿色水资源价格模型

初步界定了水资源包容性发展和基于包容性发展的绿色水资源价的概念和内涵,在分析我国水资源开发利用特点的基础上,应用自然资源定价理论方法,建立了基于包容性发展的绿色水资源价格模型,给出了一些确定模型参数的简化方法。     

非线性市场价格模型分析

本文根据市场价格系统的非线性特点，建立相应的数学模型运用动力系统方法，分析系统在不同参数条件下的大范围性态，并给出其经济意义。     

影子价格在企业经营管理中的应用

影子价格是现代经济学的一个重要概念。它反映了资源在特定经济系统内的真实价值,同时也反映了资源的稀缺程度。本文结合案例,说明了企业经济系统内资源的影子价格的经济含义及测算方法;并讨论了日常经营管理中影子价格的应用问题。     

中国房价与地价的关系——基于相关分析和因果分析的实证研究

近年,中国房价持续迅猛上涨引发了不少讨论和争议,其中房价和地价的关系也是热点之一。本文以中国房地产为研究对象,借助SPSS16．0和Eview5．0,采用实证研究方法,对中国自1999年第一季度到2009年第四季度的房价和地价数据进行相关分析和格兰杰因果分析,揭示房价与地价的相关性和两者之间的协整关系,以及中国房价和地价在短期乃至长期相互影响的状况,为房价调控策略选择提供科学依据。     

基于房价收入比的梯度住房政策体系研究——以上海市为例

为了实现居者有其屋,需要针对不同的收入群体采取不同的住房政策,为此要对居民的住房支付能力进行科学的判断。本文采用国际通用的衡量居民住房支付能力的房价收入比指标,用上海市的实际数据对其进行修正使用,以计算结果作为制定差别化住房政策的标准,建立起长效、稳定的住房经济调控政策与住房社会保障政策相结合的梯度住房政策体系。     

城市化对住宅价格的影响分析

住宅价格和人们的生活息息相关,而城市化过程必然会引起城市住宅价格的上涨,为了有效降低这种影响,在用大卫.李嘉图的城市住宅租金理论对其进行深入分析的基础上,提出可通过完善城市公共交通、发展大城市的多中心模式和循序渐进的城市化来降低城市化对城市住宅价格的影响。     

Price rigidity: An exploration of the demand side

This paper presents an exploration of the demand-side effects of unanticipated price changes. Consumers faced with these changes may have to reoptimize their income allocation. Reoptimization is costly, and reoptimization costs result in kinked demand curves. The existence of such kinked demands provides an additional explanation of the observed nominal price rigidity. In addition, examination of unexpected nominal price changes during inflationary periods provides some justification as to why nominal price adjustments are large, infrequent and almost never downward.     

An Extreme Value Approach to Test the Effect of Price Limits on Volatility

Many stock exchanges around the world enforcing daily price limits on the amount asset prices can change to prevent the market from overreacting and to reduce volatility. Price limits are artificial boundaries set by market regulators who restrict price changes of a stock to a pre-specified range during a trading day or a single trading session. The primary aim of price limit rules is to stabilize the markets during panic trading, to moderate vitality by repressing excessive speculation, and to allow stocks to be traded at prices close to their fair value. However, their impact on the market is a somewhat unresolved issue （Harris, 1998）. Using a methodology of comparing volatility based on the extreme value technique, the authors empirically investigate the impact of price limits on the volatility of the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The empirical results support price limits advocates, suggesting that price limits rules moderate stock price volatility.     

国际油价波动对中国宏观经济影响的实证分析

运用格兰杰因果检验结合脉冲响应函数,来实证分析国际油价波动分别对中国宏观经济的五个变量——消费(C)、投资(I)、政府支出(G)、出口(EX)、进口(IM)的影响;同时,针对油价波动对国民经济各方面产生的影响,提出了一些建议和对策。