Impact of high-speed railway on urban resilience in China: Does urban innovation matter?

Based on calculating the urban resilience index from five aspects of economy, society, institutions, infrastructure, and ecology by adopting the entropy method, this study applies the time-varying DID model to systematically examine HSR's impact on China's urban resilience, on basis of which its heterogeneities and the mediating effect of urban innovation are also quantified. The findings reveal that: (1) HSR can significantly promote China's urban resilience, as supported by various robustness tests. (2) HSR can significantly improve economic and institution resilience of cities, but does not play a significant role on social resilience and infrastructure resilience, and has a negative effect on ecological resilience. (3) The driving effects of HSR on the resilience of core cities, large cities, and non-resource-based cities are more significant. (4) Urban innovation is an important channel through which HSR impacts urban resilience. The conclusions of this study can offer useful insights for China's future HSR planning and resilient cities construction.     

Unraveling the dynamic changes of high-speed rail network with urban development: Evidence from China

Previous studies have used complex network theory to examine the characteristics of China's High-Speed Rail (HSR). Nevertheless, little attention is paid to China's HSR network's dynamic evolution and the coevolution of node attributes and embedded structural characteristics. Our study builds China's HSR network using a complex network approach and spatial analysis technique to address this issue. Additionally, we employ a stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) to properly decompose the three types of effects on the generation of China's HSR network (i.e., network structure, attribute-based similarity, and exogenous control variables). This study discusses the underlying hypotheses and indicates that 3-cycles is a critical structural factor for the formation of China's HSR network. In terms of the effects of attribute-based similarity, cities with similar Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and geographical proximity are essential nodal drivers for the evolution of the HSR network. Notably, the administrative rank of cities exhibits a significantly negative driving force and a alter effect. These findings shed light on the interactive process of urban regional development and the dynamic evolution of the HSR network, assisting the central and local governments in enacting and implementing appropriate HSR planning policies, ultimately achieving effective urban planning and management.     

Do high-speed railways accelerate urban land expansion in China? A study based on the multi-stage difference-in-differences model

High-speed railway (HSR) have become the main transportation mode in China and a crucial contributing factor for the formation and development of urban and regional spatial structure. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of HSR on urban land expansion in China. The multi-stage difference-in-differences (DID) estimation method is used to explore the cases of 35 mega cities. The main results are presented as follows. 1) Opening HSR can positively influence urban land expansion, as evidenced by the 9.5% increase in the urban land expansion index after such opening. 2) The increase in the number of HSR station and route can accelerate urban land expansion. Each newly added station increases the urban land expansion index by 2.4%, and urban land expansion increases 4.8% when a new HSR route is added. 3) The positive effects of the opening of HSR on urban land expansion generally have a time lag of five years. 4) Compared with cities in the east, the midwestern ones are more vulnerable to the impact of HSR. The net effect of HSR on urban land expansion for midwestern cities is 10.9% higher than that for cities in the east. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the effect of HSR on urban land expansion are the industrial agglomeration effect of HSR and the incentive effect of local governments’ land finance alongside the development of HSR.     

Policy spillover and regional linkage characteristics of the real estate market in China's urban agglomerations

The main purpose of this study is to determine the spillover effect of real estate regulatory policies released by core cities on the surrounding cities in major urban agglomerations based on regional linkage characteristics of China's real estate market. In this study, real estate transaction data of 157 cities were selected from 11 major urban agglomerations. Agglomeration's housing transaction volatility and spillover effect caused by the core city's regulatory policies were simulated by integrating spatial and temporal analysis model, event analysis, and symbolic time series analysis. The findings showed that (1) the regional linkage of the real estate market in the Harbin–Changchun and Middle–South Liaoning, Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and West Side of the Straits agglomerations were remarkably tight and the core cities' policy spillover effect was significant, of which the house purchase limitation and credit limitation policies had the widest influence; (2) the regional linkage of the real estate market in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei agglomeration, Shandong Peninsula, Guanzhong Plain, and Chengdu–Chongqing agglomerations was relatively weaker, but the core cities' policies of market regulation and taxation had certain spillover effect; (3) there were significant differences in the spillover effects of different types of policies in different urban agglomerations; (4) generally, the core cities' policy spillover often reduced the changing characteristics of the real estate market and made it more ordered with more certainty in the whole agglomeration, with the exception of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, West Side of the Straits, and Chengdu–Chongqing agglomerations.     

Impact of high-speed rail on urban economic development: An observation from the Beijing-Guangzhou line based on night-time light images

The high-speed rail (HSR) of China has developed and expanded rapidly and made great achievements in the past twenty years. The ongoing HSR plan is expected to have a significant impact on the urban economy and spatial structure in China. However, relevant data-driven research is still lacking. Traditional data collection approaches such as field surveys are costly to assure the accuracy of materials. In this study, a new remote sensing perspective of night-time light (NTL) was adopted to observe the long-term impact of the HSR on cities along the rail. More specifically, we investigated the impact of the Beijing–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway (BGHSR) on urban economic development by using night-time light data from 2002 to 2018. Such a line connects the capital (located in the north of China) and southern China and lies on the most important geographic axis of the country. Our results find that the construction of BGHSR line has a considerable positive impact on economies of first-tier cities (e.g., Beijing and Guangzhou) and new-first-tier cities (e.g., Zhengzhou, Wuhan, and Changsha), but also hurt some second-tier and third-tier cities such as Baoding and Handan. Generally, the spatial economic pattern of cities along the BGHSR line has been rapidly reshaped with the change of the transportation system. Each city needs to reconsider its role and value in the coming regionalization process to adapt to the national strategy.     

Does high-speed railway promote urban innovation? Evidence from China

Empirical discussion in the existing literature on the relationship between transportation infrastructure and innovation remains limited. As one of the most important transport infrastructures, China's high-speed railway (HSR) has greatly compressed the space-time distance and strengthened the linkages between cities, which may contribute to innovation activities. Using the panel data of 285 Chinese prefecture-level and above cities and employing the difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper examines the impact of HSR opening and HSR service intensity on the urban innovation. Propensity score matching (PSM) together with DID (PSM-DID) method is utilized to address the potential estimation biases. The empirical results demonstrate that HSR has significantly improved the level of urban innovation. Heterogeneity analysis finds that the promotion effects of HSR on innovation are more remarkable in peripheral and small cities. Moreover, the effects of HSR on cities far away from the central and large cities are with higher significance and greater magnitude than cities close to central and large cities. For cities near central and large cities, the service intensity of HSR is more likely to improve their innovation level. In addition, we further find that service industries and private enterprises benefit more from the effect of HSR in promoting innovation. This study can provide robust evidence for the effect of HSR on promoting urban innovation, as well as policy enlightenment for innovation growth and sustainable economic development.     

Does the opening of high-speed rail enhance urban entrepreneurial activity? Evidence from China

Entrepreneurship plays a critical role in contributing to the realization of full employment in all countries around the world. By improving the efficiency of the flow of production factors, high-speed rail (HSR) has an important impact on regional economic development. However, little is known about whether HSR has improved urban entrepreneurial activity. This paper takes the opening of HSR as a quasi-natural experiment and constructs a difference-in-differences (DID) model, using panel data on 284 prefecture-level cities in China for the period from 2005 to 2019, to systematically evaluate the impact of HSR openings on urban entrepreneurial activity. We find that the opening of HSR has increased the urban entrepreneurial activity, and that this effect is more obvious in cities at high administrative levels, with locational advantages, and highly developed economies, including service industries. HSR can enhance urban entrepreneurial activity by improving the level of talent aggregation and venture capital. These findings provide fresh perspectives on the connection between HSR and urban entrepreneurial activity.     

基于社会网络分析的长三角城市群网络结构研究

城市群网络化发展是长江三角洲区域一体化发展的基本特征之一.研究以长三角城市群内16个主要城市经济联系为实证,从社会网络分析视角,对城市群网络的基本形式、网络结构属性及内部微观特征进行分析.结果显示长三角城市间已互动形成紧密的网络状关联,但网络内各城市结点间中心性不均衡、枢纽型城市较少,区域多中心、网络化协同发展格局显现...     

高铁时代的城市经济增长路径与效益机制研究

本文基于综合的分析框架,探讨高铁对城市经济增长的影响及内在机制,并在不同规模城市之间进行比较;使用列车数作为城市高铁建设与运营水平的指标具体考察两种连接方式的不同影响,结合随机森林方法和样本划分进行了机制验证。结果显示,高铁的城市经济效益主要是一种间接影响,作用路径的不同解释了高铁对不同规模城市影响程度的差异性;随着城市规模的扩大,高铁在提高服务业生产效率和促进产业升级方面作用显著,而对于规模较小的城市,高铁的影响主要在于加速产业结构调整;从连接方式看,外向型交通网络的发展能够从多个方面提升大城市的经济绩效,而与邻近城市联系的加强对于中、小城市的发展显示出了积极的影响。     

全球价值链:世界城市网络研究的新视角

城市网络是城市存在的空间范式,它在空间尺度上可划分为世界城市网络和区域城市网络。其中,世界城市网络研究经历了世界城市、世界城市等级体系、世界城市网络三个阶段;区域城市网络则包括巨型城市区、全球城市区域、城市群等研究领域。世界城市网络所运用的生产者服务业分析方法中的单一中心城市模式与区域城市网络的封闭模式相互割裂,不能合理解释当代世界城市体系的空间格局及内在关系。全球价值链可将世界城市网络与区域城市网络有效融合,是研究不同功能城市所组成的多元世界城市网络模式的分析工具。     

Time-varying road network design for urban hazmat transportation

Hazmat transportation in cities faces significant risks that may cause catastrophic losses to humans. From the perspective of the regulator, the main responsibility is to mitigate hazmat transport risk by determining the availability of road networks to hazmat carriers. Based on the time-variant population distribution, the hazmat transport risk was assessed via the total population exposure associated with the resident and variable populations at different times. We propose a risk-minimizing urban hazmat road network design model for multiple types of hazmats, considering time-varying traffic. The model was applied to a realistic case study of hazmat transportation in a densely populated urban area with complex traffic in Shanghai, China.     

City size and urban labor productivity in China: New evidence from spatial city-level panel data analysis

The previous literature has generally found that most Chinese cities were undersized in the 1990s. However, little is known about how urban agglomeration in China has evolved since the country began to experience much faster urbanization and deep marketization after 2000. Based on panel data of 281 cities between 2000 and 2013, our spatial panel data regression results show that the scale impact of city size on urban productivity appears to have an inverted U shape, and its effect will grow when the cities’ industrial structure becomes more dominated by the service sector. There are also significant spatial interactions and spatial heterogeneity of urban agglomeration among Chinese cities. Furthermore, we compute the optimal size for each city and find that most Chinese cities are still undersized in recent years. Based on our findings, we argue that the Chinese government should focus on promoting sufficient growth of medium sized cities in its new urbanization strategy.     

The effects of agglomeration externalities on urban green total-factor productivity in China

For China's urban industrial layout and green development, determining which types of agglomeration externalities are most advantageous to the rise of green total-factor productivity has both theoretical and practical relevance. This research experimentally studies the effects of three types of agglomeration externalities on urban green total-factor productivity using the data of 285 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2018. The findings demonstrate that urban green total-factor output is rising, albeit with certain differences during different time periods. Both the Jacobs externality and the Porter externality are favorable for increasing urban green total-factor production when all cities are evaluated together, although the latter has a stronger promoting influence. The effect of the Marshall-Arrow-Romer externality, on the other hand, is not significant. Furthermore, these effects also depend on the stage of economic development and population size.     

城市群技术创新与经济增长效率的时空分异研究——以成都城市群为例

城市群区域协同发展格局对城市群整体创新绩效有着较为深刻的影响。本文基于协同共生的视角,以两阶段网络DEA为分析方法,以成都城市群为例,对城市群技术创新与经济增长两阶段动态效率进行实证分析,发现城市群技术创新与经济增长两阶段效率值的时空分异特征明显。时间上:在虹吸效应与涓滴效应的交互作用下,中心城市与成员城市的效率差呈现先扩大后缩小的趋势;空间上:呈现南北高,东西低的态势,并符合地理邻近、技术邻近以及制度邻近的发展规律。研究发现,经济增长产出阶段是创新效率提升的瓶颈,鉴于此,未来城市群发展需着力于政策协同、资源协同、空间协同,提高创新一体化程度,从而形成区域创新的整体规模效应。     

长江中游城市群空间结构效益比较与优化研究

基于OpenStreetMap公路路网和社会经济数据,利用可达性分析及空间相互作用引力模型,从规模效益、距离效益、空间联系效益3个方面对2017年长江中游城市群的空间结构效益进行比较分析。研究发现:武汉城市圈城市紧凑度高,平均可达性最好,内部联系强度大,空间凝聚力强;长株潭城市群在人口及经济规模上具有明显优势,中等联系层面网络趋于完善,一体化程度高,但空间可达性差;环鄱阳湖城市群综合竞争能力弱,空间联系松散且较弱,但空间可达性较好。未来,长江中游城市群的发展可以从重构区域发展空间结构、加强不同等级规模城市梯度建设、构建综合交通运输网、建立区域发展协调机制和促进产业生态绿色发展等方面寻找着力点。     

How does the development of urban agglomeration affect the electricity efficiency of resource-based cities?—An empirical research based on the fsQCA method

Urban agglomeration impacts the electricity efficiency of resource-based cities. Under the background, the paths that lead to high level electricity efficiency are not clear. Therefore, it is difficult to guide the socio-economic planning. This paper assumes that the influence of urban agglomeration includes agglomeration and diffusion effect. Then, this paper uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the paths lead to high-level electricity efficiency. The process includes the measurement of electricity efficiency, the selection and quantification of action conditions, and path analysis. Four main conclusions are obtained. First, the positive impact of urban agglomeration on the electricity efficiency of resource-based cities is achieved through the optimal allocation of regional resources. Second, compared with the paths under diffusion effect, the paths under agglomeration effect are more diversified. Third, the effects of two kinds of paths are obvious: the agglomeration of non-resource-based industries to central cities and the diffusion of green production from central cities. Fourth, the diffusion of green production depends on the sustainability of resource-based cities. The research conclusion can improve the energy and sustainability policies of urban agglomerations and resource-based cities, and the improved policies will improve the efficiency of regional resource allocation and will promote the electricity efficiency and sustainability of resource-based cities.     

规划引导型城市群战略深化路径研究

规划引导型城市群是中国经济发展最弱但也是最具潜力的区域,从空间经济学角度来看,规划引导型城市群战略存在四个问题:城市群间协同政策不足、总体发展程度弱、核心城市不够发达、核心和外围城市间渠道不畅。在城市群发展时空演变理论的基础上,结合8个城市群的不同特点,提出“十四五”时期规划引导型城市群的差异化战略深化路径。     

中国三大城市群金融集聚:空间网络及结构分化

金融是国家重要的核心竞争力,金融集聚是推动城市群崛起的重要驱动力。本文基于因子分析和引力模型,研究了2007~2017年京津冀、长三角和珠三角三大城市群的金融集聚及其空间网络。结果发现:从整体来看,三大城市群的金融集聚网络逐步从分割走向融合,且上海在整个金融网络中居于核心位置;从局部来看,城市群内部金融集聚网络的结构差异明显,京津冀表现为主次型单一结构,北京位于绝对核心;长三角为多中心均衡结构,且江苏的金融中心程度明显高于浙江;珠三角为穗深双核结构,深圳的上升趋势明显。据此,应基于城市群金融集聚网络的不同特征,差异化地整合和优化金融资源配置,为区域一体化和经济高质量发展提供高质量的金融服务。     

新冠肺炎疫情对粤港澳大湾区城市群创新网络的冲击路径及应对策略

创新对疫后经济高质量恢复至关重要,但鲜有文献分析突发事件对跨地区合作创新网络的影响路径。本文将社会网络分析的节点影响力方法应用于创新网络冲击分析,使用联合申请专利数据,研究了新冠肺炎疫情对粤港澳大湾区合作创新网络的影响路径。研究发现:创新网络中的高链接节点、高频节点、高紧密度节点和高外向度节点更容易受到冲击,冲击对于合作创新的两城市影响具有显著的不对称性,冲击通过具有中介中心属性的热点节点城市影响网络边缘城市。据此,本文建议:率先稳定和恢复高热度节点城市创新活动,提高城市之间合作创新活动恢复的协同度,加快城市群创新网络的恢复和重构,针对不同节点城市实施差异化的创新激励政策。     

从区域的视角分析提升烟台城市竞争力的战略

在经济全球化的背景下,国家对经济的干预能力受到了一定程度的限制,作为国家下层主体的区域和城市如何在日趋激烈的竞争中树立自己的竞争优势已成为地方发展的主题.本文以烟台为例,从区域的视角出发,从城市竞争力的研究入手,通过深入了解城市在特定的区域环境里的优势与不足,认清烟台市在区域的实际地位,继而对影响烟台城市发展的区域基础包括城市经济基础、城市引力方向与强度、城市直接影响范围等几个方面进行分析,从中找出城市竞争力提升的制约因素,最后从区域与城市空间联动、基础设施建设、产业发展、对外开放、景观环境建设与城市管理等几个方面对如何提升烟台市的城市竞争力提出有针对性发展战略.