水油混合深层油炸食品工程技术

对传统纯油油炸工艺与水油混合深层油炸工艺分别作了简要介绍，指出水油混合深层油炸工艺对于食品的安全性与营养性等方面具有不可替代的作用，发展前景良好。     

水油混合深层油炸食品工程技术

本文对传统纯油油炸工艺与水油混合深层油炸工艺分别作了简要介绍,指出水油混合深层油炸工艺在食品的安全性与营养性等方面具有其它工艺不可替代的作用,发展前景良好。     

乳清分离蛋白复合膜对油炸薯条吸油率的影响

本文研究了在乳清分离蛋白成膜体系中添加甲基纤维素对于油炸薯条品质的影响。结果表明:在MC浓度1.0%、WPI浓度6%、p H为7、温度70℃、甘油浓度3.5%的优化方案下,薯条的吸油率为5.14%,与未涂膜薯条相比,吸油率下降了48.60%。     

浅论油炸食品的烹调工艺与营养控制

油炸食物作为我国一种传统的食物,因其扑鼻的香气和可口的味道备受人们欢迎。油炸食物的烹饪工艺也比较简单,它的味道及口感也是其他食品不能比拟的。但是,因为这种油炸食品中含有的有毒物质较多,如果长期食用会对人的身体造成较大的影响,所以必须加强对油炸食品食用量的控制,我们的身体健康才能得到一定的保障。本文就油炸食品的营养成分、卫生问题、制作工艺及合理控制食用的原因等展开论述,以供参考。     

卫生部力控油炸食品致癌物

卫生部目前已起草完成食品中丙烯酰胺检测方法的标准草案，目前正进一步征求专家意见。同时，卫生部已着手加强膳食中丙烯酰胺的监测与控制，开展膳食消费量评估，研究减少食品中丙烯酰胺的可能途径，探索降低乃至可能消除食品中丙烯酰胺危害的方法。     

油炸食品中丙烯酰胺的形成及减少措施

研究表明,丙烯酰胺对机体有很大的伤害,能导致动物致癌、神经中毒、升职发育毒性等,丙烯酰胺已被列为容易引发人类癌症的物质之一。丙烯酰胺是在食品烹饪过程中产生的,特别是当食物中含有大量的天门冬氨酸和还原性糖类物质时,在温度大于120℃的条件下加热就会产生丙烯酰胺。因此,丙烯酰胺主要存在于油炸等需要高温制作的食物中。怎样减少油炸食物中丙烯酰胺的产生已引起了世界各国的广泛关注,也成为了国际食品加工界研究的热点。因此,本文主要探析油炸食品中丙烯酰胺的形成及减少措施。     

如何降低油炸方便面生产中的耗油量

降低油炸方便面生产中的耗油量是降低生产成本，提高经济效益的主要途径。从面粉质量、工艺等方面论述了如何降低油炸方便面生产中的耗油量。     

油炸马铃薯片的生产技术

简述了油炸马铃薯片的生产概况，介绍了生产油炸马铃薯片的主要设备、工艺配方、技术要求及炸片用马铃薯的贮存技术，提出了产品含油量过高等问题。     

Sodium content in fast foods: assessment of menu items in selected countries

This study was designed considering the ubiquitous presence of sodium in restaurant menus, the rapid growth of U.S. fast food operations globally, the impact of fast food on human health, and recent legislative steps to label sodium content. A strong correlation was found between calories and protein content versus sodium contents. Similar brand named menu items had different nutrient and sodium content in selected countries. When portion sizes of meat and cheese are controlled sodium can be reduced without sacrificing the flavor of the foods and in addition reducing the calories provided by selected menu items.     

Finns and functional foods: socio‐demographics,health efforts,notions of technology and the acceptability of health‐promoting foods

Eating is increasingly characterized by concerns over health and well‐being. New types of foods designed to promote health or to reduce the risk of diseases, known as functional foods, have been entering the market since the 1990s. This article focuses on the appropriation of functional foods among Finnish consumers from the perspective of acceptability. We analyse the relationship between consumers’ views of functional foods and their socio‐demographic backgrounds, health efforts and notions of food, health and technology. The article is based on a survey of a representative sample of Finnish consumers (n = 1210). The data were collected by using computer‐assisted telephone interviews and analysed by factor analysis and analysis of variance. The factor analysis resulted in four dimensions of acceptability: (1) experiences of functional foods; (2) views on product quality and safety; (3) societal concerns over current developments; and (4) views on regulation and research. According to the results, the differences in consumer views of functional foods were to some extent linked with age and education but better explained by the differing roles of food and health in people’s lives and the acceptability of modern food technologies. Efforts to lower blood cholesterol and/or blood pressure, the use of dietary supplements, regarding healthy eating as very important and having an optimistic outlook on the use of technology in food production were all related to more optimistic views of functional foods. Finns seem to have a relatively trusting position on functional foods. Familiarity of functional foods in Finland, absence of serious food scandals, the health‐oriented Finnish culture and the generally high level of societal trust may account for this optimism.     

Genetically modified foods: Consumer awareness,opinions and attitudes in selected EU countries

The dynamic development of biotechnology in recent years has raised serious public concerns about the possible risks arising from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The aim of this study was to investigate consumer opinions regarding genetically modified (GM) foods. The research also aimed at verifying the differences in the attitudes of respondents from two, relatively culturally diverse research sites. To obtain empirical data a face‐to‐face survey was conducted in 2015. It covered a total of 976 randomly selected individuals. The study was performed in the capital of the United Kingdom—London and the Polish capital—Warsaw. The results of the study show that almost half of the respondents were familiar with the GMO concept. According to the respondents, the greatest benefits arising from the genetic modification are: enhanced shelf‐life of food and crops' resistance to extreme climatic conditions. The main disadvantages were: unpredictable consequences of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) modification, production of species‐specific toxins and food allergenicity. Over two thirds of people surveyed support the idea of the obligatory labeling of GM foods. The information presented on food packaging should primarily include potential contraindications to the consumption, indication that food was produced using transgenic sources and a warning about potential allergenicity. An almost equal number of respondents showed intention for purchasing GM food products, an intention to act otherwise, or was not decided. As many as 27.7% of survey participants showed negative attitudes toward GM foods, whereas only 19.8% predominantly positive. It is worth noticing that, with only one exception, no statistically significant differences were observed between the opinions of Polish and British respondents.     

Nostalgia and consumer preference for indulgent foods: The role of social connectedness

Prior qualitative research suggests a strong association between nostalgia and indulgent food consumption. Nonetheless, these qualitative findings do not explain the causal relationship between nostalgia and indulgent food consumption, or the mechanism underlying this relationship. To this end, the authors conduct four studies and show that highly nostalgic consumers have greater preference for indulgent foods. This relationship is mediated by social connectedness, whereby high (low) nostalgia works through high (low) social connectedness to increase (decrease) consumers’ preference for indulgent foods. This effect is moderated by eating companions, such that the effect of nostalgia on consumers’ preference for indulgent foods would be strengthened (vs. weakened) when eating with friends (vs. with strangers or alone). These findings have significant implications on consumer well‐being and policy‐making pertaining to consumer health.     

Consumer awareness and willingness to pay for safety of street foods in developing countries: a review

Street food vending is still popular in developing countries despite the giant stride recorded in the areas of food processing and global food supply in the last century. Its contribution to the socio‐economic development of the countries is evidenced by the volume of trade involved and provision of employment for significant portion of rural and urban populace. However, there has been persistent global concern on the risks of street food to the health of consumers because of the attitudes of practitioners throughout the chain. This review summarizes the findings of studies on awareness and perceptions of street food consumers to the hazards involved in street food, and their willingness to pay (WTP) premium for safety intervention. The major limitation to WTP is the extra cost that could result from the implementation of reports of WTP studies which could disenfranchise those consumers that may not be able to afford the premium. This review, therefore, recommends the formulation and enforcement of appropriate public policies that would cover the entire chain of street food vending for the safety of everybody along the chain and the protection of the health of the consumers.     

Role of gastronomic,externality and feasibility attributes in consumer demand for organic and local foods: The case of honey and apples

Local food systems providing high‐value products are seen as a tool to sustain economic activity on family farms in rural areas. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of gastronomic, externality and feasibility characteristics in consumers' demand for local and for organic foods. An Internet questionnaire survey was conducted in 2010 among Danish consumers. 3211 respondents completed the questionnaire, which included questions about respondents' food‐related values and their specific perception of organic and local varieties of honey and apples. Variables related to consumers' food‐related values and product perception were analysed using principal component analysis, in order to identify overall dimensions (factors) in these variables. Although statements about gastronomic attributes (e.g. taste, appearance, quality) were quite strongly represented in three of these factors, externality and availability concerns also contributed significantly to the overall variation in the variables. Multinomial logit choice modelling was used for describing the relationship between these dimensions and respondents' stated choices regarding organic and local varieties of honey and apples. Results suggest that although both organic and local food supply chains are often associated with special attributes such as gastronomic characteristics and relatively beneficial externality attributes, these attributes are perceived differently for the two types of supply chains. Perceived gastronomic quality is the most important determinant for food choice, but externality and feasibility aspects are also important correlates.     

Children as co‐researchers voicing their preferences in foods and eating: methodological reflections

There is an increasing and sustained interest in participatory research with children. We subscribe to these new perspectives by involving children as co‐researchers investigating their preferences when it comes to foods and eating. The overall aim of the research project Sustainable Eating Children's Way: Promoting Healthy Food Habits among Children 10–12 (Barn som medforskare i matlandskap) is to create an understanding of how children's food habits can develop in healthier and more sustainable ways. The specific aim of this paper was to discuss the methods used in the first phase of the project in order to find an answer to the question: ‘Is it possible to gain a deeper and more nuanced understanding of children's preferences in foods and eating?’ The research process in this project can be looked upon as two parallel processes: the overall one initiated by the senior research team and the one incorporating the children as co‐researchers. The children participating were 10‐year‐olds attending two classes in the fourth grade of a Swedish government‐funded school. We found the children knowledgeable and competent as co‐researchers. Involving children in the research processes and giving them freedom to explore is a promising way of letting their voices be heard in health promotion programmes.     

Older consumers’ perceptions of functional foods and non‐edible health‐enhancing innovations

Increasing interest in health and well‐being is likely to drive a growth in demand for products that have positive effects on health. Consumers’ acceptance of and willingness to buy functional foods has been widely studied, but there has not been research on consumers’ attitudes towards innovative non‐edible products with health effects. This study examines how older consumers perceive functional foods and novel non‐edible health‐enhancing products, how willing they are to purchase such products, and how health orientation influences their views. As an example of a ‘radical’ innovation, consumers’ acceptance of rubbing their hands in a specific soil‐based mixture to modulate the immune system is explored. The research material, 13 thematic interviews, was collected in Lahti region, Finland, in 2015. The study indicates that the older consumers’ market is not homogeneous. Based on a qualitative, in‐depth approach, the study distinguishes four consumer segments with different lay understandings of health and attitudes towards health‐enhancing products, which influence people's willingness to purchase such products. The segments are health‐seeking consumers, cautious consumers, critical consumers and natural health consumers. Various motives and barriers for using products with health claims are also identified. The case of rubbing hands in organic soil‐based mixture indicates the difficulty of predicting which consumer segment will first adopt this kind of ‘radical’ innovation. The results highlight that the credence qualities of a novel product must be communicated and advertised before entering the market while also taking into account the sensory properties of the product. ‘Radical innovations’ must be in a form that consumers can easily accept.     

The Chinese Stock Markets on Trial: The Fat Finger Accident of Everbright Securities

Everbright Securities Ltd. erroneously submitted huge quantities of buy orders on SSE180 constituent stocks from 11:05 through 11:07 on 16 August 2013. This fat finger accident had a pronounced impact on the Chinese stock markets. This paper uses the accident to study market quality and investors’ responses. We show that the Chinese stock markets were robust enough to stand the trial, exhibiting deep depths and strong resiliency. However, the markets performed poorly in terms of aggregating information because there were large price swings after the erroneous orders were executed. Moreover, investors quickly change their beliefs as to the reasons to the dramatic price jumps, consistent with information cascade theory.