浅谈我国的依法行政

依法行政是指行政机关及其工作人员根据宪法、法律、法规和政策的规定，履行其管理职能，同时，依据行政法律规范约束其行政行为的过程。我国依法行政的基本原则是社会主义民主，依法行政中法的概念必须包含中国共产党制定的政策。从行政管理实践出发，依法行政应具有依法治党、依法治政、依法治事三个层次。依法行政作为一种宪政原则与行政管理模式，也是进入新世纪以来中国政府发展的基本方向。这一模式的建立与完善，对于现代国家民主和市场经济的发展，对于行政管理改革的巩固与完善，都有重要的作用与意义。     

依法行政是实现跨越式发展的制度保证

依法行政是指各级行政机关必须依据法律规定行使行政权力，管理行政事务，国家工作人员要按照法律规定的内容和程序办事。在《左传》中就有“行其政令，行其政事”之说。2004年3月国务院发布了《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》，提出了贯彻依法治国方略，建设法治政府的总体目标和任务；2008年国务院出台的《关于加强市县政府依法行政的决定》     

关于推进依法行政进程的思考

加强社会主义法制，坚持依法治国，是江泽民总书记在党的十五大报告中明确提出的思想，也是邓小平理论民主法制的精髓。不久前召开的九届全国人大第二次会议将“依法治国”这一方略作为宪法修正案载入了国家的根本大法之中，从而使之成为宪法的原则。依法治国的核心是依法行政，只有依法行政工作做好了，使行政机关严格依法办事，做到“有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究”，才能有效地推进依法行政的进程，才能顺利地实现依法治国的战略。一、依法行政的内涵依法行政要求行政机关实施行政管理不仅应遵循宪法、法律，还要遵循行政法规…     

适应入世进程推进依法行政

改革开放以来，我国的行政法制建设和依法行政工作取得了巨大的成就，社会主义法律体系的框架已基本确立。但是，在加入世贸组织的新形势面前，各级政府依法行政水平不高的状况也愈显突出，政府职能转变迟缓，“越位”、“缺位”和“错位”现象时有发生。这就要求我们必须站在更高层次上，认真履行世贸组织法律框架下的义务，把落实WTO规则与推进依法行政工作有机结合起来，使之相互促进，相辅相成，促进经济社会的全面发展。推进政府行为的法治化，建立完备的行政法律体系。世界贸易组织规则是建立在法治基础上的国际经济体系，需要各…     

我国法治政府的内涵与特征

“法治政府”是近两年来提出的一个新的行政法治理念和目标。“依法行政”的基本含义是指行政机关管理社会公共事务的行政权力必须经法律授权，行政机关的一切行政活动必须依据法律规定并在宪法和法律范围内活动；从依法行政所蕴含的“行政法治”的涵义来看，“依法行政”与“法治政府”这两个概念有着密切的联系。     

黑河市依法行政工作的现状及对策

近年来，黑河市全力抓好国务院《全面推进依法行政实施纲要》的贯彻实施，行政机关工作人员特别是领导干部依法行政观念不断增强，依法行政能力明显提高，依法行政水平迈上新台阶，全市法制环境得到了较大改善。但与新形势下对依法行政的要求相比还有一定的差距，存在一些问题，需进一步提高对依法行政工作重要性的认识；健全决策机制，确保依法、科学、民主决策；加强和改善行政执法工作，保证法律的有效实施；加大行政执法监督力度，促进执法行为进一步规范；推进政府职能转变和体制创新，提高政府行政效能；加强行政执法队伍建设，提升执法队伍整体素质。     

酒后驾驶法律规制阶梯化初探——以我国酒后驾驶法律规制沿革与现状为例

我国法律、法规对酒后驾驶的规制经历了从无到有,从行政法规单独规制到其和刑事法律共同规制,从不成熟到成熟,法律规制阶梯性日趋明显,尤其是2011《刑法修正案(八)》实施之后。然而由于行政法律和刑事法律衔接、法律制裁种类及刑罚设置的不足,酒后驾驶法律规制阶梯化仍未实现。     

数字治理下行政协议信息公开机制优化路径

数字治理助推行政协议信息公开的形式由线下扩容至线上，呈现出服务性、互动性、扩散性等特征。建立健全数字时代行政协议公开机制，既是数字时代的价值取向，也有着深刻的法律和现实动因。然而，作为全面建设数字法治政府的重要一环，行政协议信息公开机制却面临着法律规制亟待完善、公开渠道缺乏统筹、公众参与制度供给不足、主体权责存在脱节等多重困境。对此，要以规范支撑、渠道协同、制度供给、责任明确为着力点，优化数字时代行政协议信息公开机制。     

对当前我国依法行政中存在问题的思考

改革开放以来,特别是党的十五大确立依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家的基本方略以来,我国依法行政取得了巨大成就,行政相关立法有了进一步完善,执法人员的依法行政意识和法律素养都有所增强,相关体制改革也稳步进行着。但是“与完善社会主义市场经济体制、建设社会主义政治文明以及依法治国的客观要求相比,依法行政还存在不少差距,”具体表现为：“行政管理体制与发展社会主义市场经济的要求还不适应,依法行政面临诸多体制性障碍；制度建设反映客观规律不够,难以全面、有效解决实际问题；行政决策程序和机制不够完     

浅析行政相对人在依法行政中的重要地位和作用

行政相对人是指参与行政法律关系，对行政主体享有权利和承担义务的公民、法人或其他组织。行政相对人不依附于行政主体，具独立的法律地位和人格，在依法行政中具有重要的地位和作用。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.