Dynamic competence set expansion＇s managerial decision analysis

Dynamic competence is a competence that enterprises coordinate, constitute and collocate inside and outside competence to adapt for environmental fast change and renovating enterprises＇ competence. Basing on the dynamic competence set of academic knowledge, this paper builds an expansion model of dynamic competence set based on dynamic programming.     

Intercultural Competency Development in Conjunction With a Short Term Study Away Experience： Changes in Undergraduate Students

The purpose of this research was to examine whether undergraduate business students who participated in a short term study abroad course and intercultural competence building coursework demonstrated a significant increase in intercultural competence over those who only enrolled in the study abroad course. The 20 participants attended a small liberal arts College in Midwestern United States. The Intercultural Development Inventory （IDI） was administered to the participating students before and after their study away experience. The IDI （v.3） is based on the theoretical framework of the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity （DMIS） introduced by Milton Bennett. The DMIS is based on the assumption that intercultural competence can be strengthen through the development of intercultural knowledge and experience with people from other cultures. The IDI has been used in numerous scholarly studies and has demonstrated valid and reliable results. It is a self-administered 50-item series of statements in which participants are asked to rate the level of their agreement with statements that address their relationship to and evaluation of cultural difference. In the model, people progress in a linear developmental fashion through six stages： defense, denial, polarization, minimization, acceptance, and adaptation. This study was designed to determine if students who studied away and completed intercultural coursework （prior intercultural knowledge and an intercultural experience） would increase their level of intercultural competency more than those students who just studied away （intercultural experience only） as measured by the change in their IDI scores. The results of this small sample show that intercultural coursework in conjunction with a short term study away experience can have a positive impact on individual intercultural development.     

中国癌症防控策略细则研究献策

种种科学数据显示,癌症已成中国大众首要死因,而且有加重趋势,要想把中国癌症导致大众健康严重损害现象得到控制,必须有一套中国癌症防控策略细则,我们你都知道,80％的肿瘤与环境因素有关,面对中国目前环境污染严重。食品质量安全事件不断发生,病毒性肝炎发病率居高不下,中国是吸烟和饮酒大国。……,等等都与癌症发生有密切关系,笔者作为医务工作者,面对中国癌症的恶劣现象和事态,禁不住研究提出一套中国癌症防控策略细则,早日降低中国癌症的恶劣现象和事态,使中国癌症尽早得以控制,为大众健康和国家可持续发展贡献力量。本文提出环境污染防控策略细则;病毒性肝炎及其它慢性感染防控策略细则;吸烟的防控策略细则;饮酒的防控策略细则;食品质量安全防控策略细则;饮食结构不合理的防控策略细则及论‘癌症发病率上升的主因是人口老龄化’观点的错误性,很明显,上述癌症防控系列策略细则,若切实被国家实施,定能防空相关致癌和致病的风险。国家和地方,特别是食品卫生部门,应立即联合同时发布命令。保障上述癌症防控系列策略细则切实被实施,如果是这样,中国癌症的防控就很容易成功,当然。中国癌症的防控成功的经验和上述防控系列策略细则,对其他疾病的防控也有利。定能被国际社会和其他国家参考利用,共享癌症防控成功的健康地球。     

浅析英语交际教学法的本土适应问题

国内一些学者认为,交际教学法注重培养学生的语言交际能力,建立在交际法基础上的任务型教学模式（TBLT）是最好的英语教学方法,因而不遗余力地引进、宣传、提倡和推广这种方法。交际法在我国英语教学中存在一些突出问题,不可对交际法盲从迷信,而应该根据我国外语教学的实际,找到适合国情、教情和学情的教学方法。     

Analysis on effects of modern service industry to economy

This article analyzes the contribution of modern service industry to the economic development in six aspects： the modern service industry can promote economic growth, expand employment, promote economic restructuring, enhance the level of urbanization, improve people＇s standard of living and help enterprises to convert business ideas.     

Enterprise＇s value and stakeholders＇ benefits： The financial objects which lead to the same goal

Taking stakeholders＇ benefits into consideration is decided by the essence of enterprise＇s value. In the knowledge-based economy age, the maximization of enterprise＇s value is the ideal financial object of stakeholders＇ cooperation gamble. Pursuing the maximization of enterprise＇s value is the same as pursuing the maximization of stakeholders＇ benefits under the balanced circumstance. The maximization of enterprise＇s value and the maximization of stakeholders＇ benefits are consistent. They comprehend financial object from two aspects of financial essence.     

The conception of IIP and the application to medical institute

IIP （Investors in People） provides a standard to improve enterprises＇ effect and ability. It sets up the goal of enterprises＇ management through some planned procedures, and makes people be able to cooperate to reach these goals through training and development. When the medical institute promotes IIP system, it must be led under the correct conception with the basis of solid theory, the model of practical function, and premise of norm operation, and then we can make use of liP standard to promote the training development effect of the medical institute, and connect the goal with the effect of the organization.     

话语中语用标记的功能分析

Interpersonal communication is characterized by our special discourse. Among all the researches on it, an indispensable part of auxiliary one is pragmatic marker. It is generally considered to be their function of marking relationships among units of discourse.     

An Analysis of Psyche in Ode to Psyche

Cupid and Psyche are two typical characters in the Classical Mythology. Cupid was son of Venus, the goodness of love and beauty, while Psyche was a very beautiful daughter of a king. Because of Psyche＇s beauty, Venus dispatched Cupid to punish her, but Cupid loved Psyche, then their love story started. Having gone through al kinds of hardship, they married at last. In Keats＇s poetry, Ode to Psyche, he portrayed a song to love and the creative imagination, which is the story of Psyche so beautiful that Love fel in love with her. Combining the story of Cupid and Psyche with the poetry Ode to Psyche, readers wil have a more comprehensive knowledge.     

Market Reaction to Corporate Social Responsibility Announcements： Evidence from China

This study uses an event study methodology to examine how the Chinese market reacts to announcements of involvement in corporate social responsibilitY （CSR） by Southern Weekend （a Chinese newspaper）for Chinese firms from 2008 to 2012. Our results show significant and pcsitive market reactions, supporting the instrumental stakeholder theory. We attribute the positive market response to social capital development and real growth options related to the CSR involvement by the Chinese firms.     

National Policy of Tourism in Brazil From Municipalisation to Regionalization

The decade of 1980 has been a time of changes to the world and also in Brazil. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the globalization are phenomena which marked the late 20th century. Brazil was part of this scenario as it went through structural changes, including Real Plan, which brought stability along with the possibility of growth and development. Tourism is enveloped by neoliberalism as a way of attracting investments, investors, better infrastructures, and changing the country＇s image. As far as Brazilian public policies of tourism are concerned, there are two points that constitute the objective of this present work： to analyze the national Program of Municipalisation of Tourism （PMNT） and the Program of Regionalization of Tourism （PRT） considering the context of post-democratization in Brazil and its influences on the organization of national tourism. This analysis has been focused on the content of constitutional documents which have oriented tourism public policy, as well as authors who investigate this theme. From a conceptual map, the relations between political context and the moment when documents were elaborated have been built up. By the end of this work it will be possible to point out the prevalence of the neoliberal model, along with the interest of market agents over Brazilian touristic context.     

An Introduction to the Narrative Techniques in the Book of Job

The Book of Job, as one of the most outstanding works of the wisdom literature in the Bible, has also aroused a large number of critics attentson with its dtsunctlve narrative techniques. Through close-reading and criticisim review, the author of this thesis finds that the unique narrative techniques of the Book of Job are manifested in the following three aspects： unique and subde characterization of the characters, ingenious use of focalization and the skillful arrangement of plot stages under the U-shaped narrative pattern.     

The spirit of capitalism as key to solving for an explicit Ramsey saddle path

This paper presents a version of the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model （1965） with an explicit equation for the saddle path, starting from a utility function describing preferences for consumption and savings. Such a maximizing criterion including the flow of saving formalizes the concept of Max Weber＇s spirit of capitalism and makes the model similar to the one of ZOU （1994）, except that his specification includes the capital stock instead. Not only does the presented model preserve the long-run implications on growth of countries, it also features an interesting application of the Pontryagin＇s Maximum principle, with further interpretation and results to analyze.     

Theory of the degree of trust： Toward to the economy of trust The new paradigm

Each company has to reopen different new methods and means in order to maintain high degree of competitive power on the market. The theory of trust developed by the author on the ground of his observations of many years on the market and formed respectively in theory and laws and practices to be applied in the contemporary life of every company, acting on the market have been presented. The theory gives every company concrete decisions to reach a better competitive power on the market in the globalization. The described below theory of degree of trust was developed by Dobrev, M. as a president of consulting company ＂D＆M Dobrev Consulting House＂ （Dobrev, M., 1993）for analysis and trading.     

The influence of operating cash flow and investment cash flow to the accounting conservatism measurement

This research investigates the influence of cash flow from operating and investing activities to conservative accounting practices. Cash flow from operating activities shows the performance of a firms and its earnings quality. Higher operating cash flow indicates better performance, and it is expected to produce better earnings in the future. Better earnings would be a positive signal for investor as a basic to predict the firm＇s prospect. Investing activities will push or lowering operating assets. For firms that implementing the conservative accounting practices, changes in investment will influence the earnings＇ quality. When the investment goes up, the conservative practices will cause lower reported earnings. The hypothesis for this research is that there is a positive relation between operating and investing cash flow to accounting conservatism practices about whether it uses market value or accrual measurement. The result of the first test using market value accounting conservatism as a proxy has shown a positive relation between operating and investing activities cash flow to accounting conservatism practices, but investing cash flow does not have a significant effect to accounting conservatism practices. The result from the second test, using accrual measurement accounting conservatism has shown a significant positive relation for both operating and investing cash flow to accounting conservatism practices. A positive relation between operating and investing cash flow to accounting conservatism practices indicates that accounting conservatism is one of the tools that can be used to measure firm＇s financial performance and as an investment decision making tool for investor. Nevertheless those effects highly depend on the accounting conservatism proxy measurement used.     

A different view to two paired sample researches and an application

Hypothesis test is a function of decision making. With samples data, the author has got konwledge about population. It analysis the difference between two dependent or independent samples significance or not. Hypothesis test measures the difference of estimation from real values. This article resarches probability of these differences. In this study, difference and similarities between nonparametric wilcoxon t test and parametric t test will be searched, and application is about basic rights and freedom of the students. These findings are in line, the normalization of the data due to dissolution of the test theory as non-parametric implementation, will be more even in terms of statistical theory. However, the implementation of parametric test does not show the absolutely wrong to deliver results.     

The application of Participative Management training and its relationship to Thai cultural values： Is there a good fit？

This study examines the relationship between training in participative management （PM） and work-related cultural values and managerial attitudes toward PM. The sample 127 male and 117 female managerial employees at an international Thai corporation. The results indicated that contrary to expectations, paternalism is positively related to PM. The results are discussed in relation to Thai work-related cultural values and what may still be unknown about applying western management practices in other cultures. The results do not fit with western perceptions of what are appropriate relationships between cultural values and PM. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research.     

The impact of corporate governance to the economic value added listed company in BEI 2003-2004

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Corporate Governance （CG） to the performance of the firm measured by Economic Value Added （EVA）. This research uses 64 samples for the year 2003-2004. The CG index is taken from the research of Siagian, Siregar and Rahadian （2006） and the EVA taken from ＂A hundred value creators companies＂ published by SWA Magazines in 2004-2005.
By grouping samples based on its mean, this research finds that samples in high CG index group have higher EVA than samples in low CG index group. The mean equality test shows the significant relation for this evidence.
Using simple and multiple regression method, CG index has positive and significant effect on EVA. This research uses sales growth, leverage, size, and age of the firm as control variables in multiple regression method. Consistent with research hypothesis, all control variables have positive and significant effect on EVA.
This research also investigate the effect of each component of CG index to EVA. ＂Equitable treatment of shareholders＂ and ＂disclosure and transparency＂ have positive and significant effect on EVA, but ＂right of shareholders＂, ＂role of stakeholders＂, and ＂responsibility of the board＂ do not have significant effect to EVA.
The sensitivity analysis is also done to investigate the effect of CG index to the performance of the firm if ROA and ROE were used as proxy of performance. The result shows that CG index has positive and significant effect to those various performance mesurement. Based on its coefficient, CG index is superior in affecting ROE more than EVA and ROA.