国际电力体制改革经验及对中国的启发

迄今世界上100多个国家的电力改革实践对我国电力改革有几点基本的启示。(1)电力、经济、资源、政治、社会和文化价值等多方面的起始条件不同,决定了各国改革选择了不同的路径和垂直垄断结构的分拆顺序。没有一个模式是中国可以照搬的。(2)电力改革不仅有特性,而且有共性。我国电力改革在坚持因地制宜原则的同时,必须遵守电力市场改革的共同原则。(3)按照主要的原则,我国下一步改革需要进一步明确改革的多重目的及主次关系,对症施治;加强电网发展,为电力市场提供基本物质保证;着眼于电力市场运作,无论如何分拆必须坚持电网运营与市场参与者相独立的原则。     

人民币升值背景下中国企业发展国际市场策略研究

随着我国改革开放的深入,中国企业在国际市场上地位越来越重要,面临问题也越来越多,人民币升值是其中最重要也是影响最大的问题之一。文章回顾了人民币汇率改革的历程,分析了人民币升值对我国企业的影响,在此基础上,从国际市场进入策略、国际营销策略、成本管理和财务管理等四个方面研究了我国企业如何开拓和发展国际市场,并提出了建议。     

我国知识密集型服务业国际竞争力研究

近年来我国知识密集型服务业的蓬勃发展使人们开始关注其在国际贸易中的竞争力。文章采用RNX和RCA指数定量考察我国知识密集型服务业历年来的国际竞争力变动趋势、知识密集型服务业各个行业的国际竞争力水平,以及与世界其他国家的国际对比情况。     

Business groups in developing capital markets: Towards a complementarity perspective

Prior research suggests that business groups (BGs) in developing economies have emerged as alternatives to poorly developed economic institutions in these countries. In this paper, we argue that this does not imply they are always substitutes. Specifically, we consider the case of capital markets, a key economic institution: while the absence of well‐developed capital markets may indeed have stimulated the emergence of business groups, we propose that BG affiliation and the scrutiny that maturing capital markets impose on firms that participate actively in them nevertheless can play a complementary role in influencing a firm's performance. We find support for our predictions in a novel longitudinal data set of Indian firms that contain both listed and unlisted BG affiliated as well as unaffiliated firms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transaction Cost, Social Capital and Firms' Synergy Creation in Chinese Business Networks: An Integrative Approach

Overseas Chinese business networks have been a powerful growth engine propelling local economies in Southeast Asia and the Greater China region. However, relatively little research has been conducted on the relationship between social capital and a firm's synergy creation in overseas Chinese business networks. To narrow this knowledge gap, this study adopts an integrative approach drawing on two complementary theories of transaction cost economics (TCE) and social capital to investigate how a firm creates synergy in overseas Chinese business networks. A multiple regression method was used to test hypotheses. The results indicate that repeat transactions and close ties with government offices and financial institutions contributed positively towards a firm's synergy creation while other variables such as trust, transaction uncertainty and information sharing did not show any significant relationship with synergy creation. Data from 108 Hong Kong-based Chinese manufacturing firms provide evidence that the integrative approach is rather effective in studying a firm's synergy creation in the context of interorganisational relationships.     

工作一家庭平衡的企业制度安排

工作已经通过网络渗入家庭,员工面临严重的工作一家庭冲突,影响组织绩效和生活质量。工作一家庭平衡作为企业家庭伦理理论的核心问题已成为制度设计的中心问题。对工作一家庭平衡制度安排的理论与实证研究发现．工作一家庭平衡还没有成为政府、企业和员工的共享信念。制度设计失去社会价值观基础：弹性工作制是有效的正式企业制度;家庭照顾福利是无效的正式企业制度;经理须持之以恒支持员工平衡工作一家庭需要、控制因享用工作一家庭平衡福利而带来的负面职业生涯后果。两者是有效的非正式制度安排。据此提出的政策建议是：政府要在全社会倡导、培育以工作一家庭平衡为核心的企业家庭伦理管理哲学、提供家庭照顾福利作为公共制度供给;企业进行系统的组织文化改造;员工培育照顾家庭的应得权利感。     

Overcoming Institutional Voids: A Reputation‐Based View of Long‐Run Survival

Research summary : Emerging markets are characterized by underdeveloped institutions and frequent environmental shifts. Yet, they also contain many firms that have survived over generations. How are firms in weak institutional environments able to persist over time? Motivated by 69 interviews with leaders of emerging market firms with histories spanning generations, we combine induction and deduction to propose reputation as a meta‐resource that allows firms to activate their conventional resources. We conceptualize reputation as consisting of prominence, perceived quality, and resilience, and develop a process model that illustrates the mechanisms that allow reputation to facilitate survival in ways that persist over time. Building on research in strategy and business history, we thus shed light on an underappreciated strategic construct (reputation) in an undertheorized setting (emerging markets) over an unusual period (the historical long run). Managerial summary : Why are some firms able to persistently survive in challenging, uncertain, and underdeveloped business environments? To explore this question, we analyze in‐depth interviews with leaders of emerging market firms that have survived over decades and even centuries. We find that firm reputation is a key strategic driver, and propose new ideas about the ways through which reputation facilitates survival. We elaborate how a favorable reputation allows a firm to more fully utilize its existing resources by decreasing uncertainty. We also propose that reputation has offensive and defensive properties that make it valuable to firms during both positive and negative economic cycles. Finally, we discuss why a reputation‐based source of competitive advantage is hard to imitate, and outline three general approaches for building reputation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Beyond institutional voids: Business groups,incomplete markets,and organizational form

We extend the “institutional voids” perspective on business groups by examining the value‐adding potential of two of the characteristic features of business groups: their diverse portfolio and multi‐entity organizational form. We maintain that portfolio diversity affords affiliates privileged access to opportunities hidden by incomplete strategic factor markets. We hypothesize that the multi‐entity organizational form enables superior sensing and seizing of these growth opportunities by affiliate firms. We further suggest that, in the context of institutional reforms, these characteristics strengthen business group affiliates' ability to capitalize on the expanded set of opportunities made available by the reform program. Empirical analyses on a sample of Indian firms over the period 1994–2010 support our hypotheses. Implications for theory and future directions are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Internationalization, Local Adaptation, and Subsidiary's Entrepreneurship: An Exploratory Study on Taiwanese Manufacturing Firms in Indonesia and Malaysia

This inductive research attempts to explore the dynamics of firm internationalization process, with a focus on a manufacturing firm's first-time foreign entry endeavor. By conducting comparative analyses based on six cases of Taiwanese manufacturing firms who have established production bases in Indonesia and Malaysia, we postulate a conceptual framework entailing relationships among entry decision, implementation strategy, and local adaptation. We highlight the role of subsidiary's entrepreneurial initiatives play in achieving required extent of local adaptation and hence successful implementation for companies lacking sufficient experiential knowledge of internationalization. Propositions based on the conceptualization are detailed and the implications of these qualitative insights are discussed, with an expectation of contributing to the extant theories of internationalization.     

Change and Continuity in Southeast Asian Ethnic Chinese Business

The 1997/1998 Asian economic crisis has fundamentally reshaped the economic organization of ethnic Chinese business in Southeast Asia. In this paper, I outline some of the most significant contextual changes that impinge on Southeast Asian ethnic Chinese business in recent years, in particular the changing political-economic alliances in Southeast Asia, the interpenetration of globalization processes and the rise of mainland China as a significant player in the global economy. I argue that these changes have led to a more globalizing orientation of ethnic Chinese business in Southeast Asia. In making this case for globalizing ethnic Chinese business in Southeast Asia, I am concurrently aware of the continual existence and discursive reconstitution of some distinctive elements of ethnic Chinese capitalism. This continuity in ethnic Chinese capitalism points to its growing hybridization–a transformative process in which traditional and new elements are continuously morphed and recombined into something that resembles neither ethnic Chinese capitalism as we knew it nor global capitalism. Instead, a hybrid form of ethnic Chinese capitalism emerges as a distinctive feature in today's Southeast Asian business landscape.

Asset restructuring and business group affiliation in French civil law countries

We examine the relationship of environmental antecedents to asset restructuring in nine French civil law countries in Latin America and Europe. In these countries, business group affiliation helps member firms to access resources, take advantage of environmental opportunities, and neutralize threats. Results indicated that environmental antecedents, such as change in country development, increased competition and deregulation led to increased asset restructuring. More importantly, however, we also found that the influence of environmental factors was moderated by business group membership. The relationship between change in country development and restructuring was stronger for group‐affiliated firms and the effects of increased competition and deregulation on asset restructuring were stronger for primarily independent firms. Our study offers additional evidence that organizations may respond differently to environmental opportunities and threats depending on the institutional setting. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国与世界主要国家电价比较分析

通过对世界部分国家电价进行对比,剖析了我国在上网电价、输配电价、终端销售电价以及电力与其他能源产品比价方面存在的问题,认为我国电价总体水平偏低,需要适时调整电价水平和电价结构,尽快形成独立的输配电价。     

城乡劳动力市场一体化的条件：基于制度变迁的视角

城乡劳动力市场由分割走向一体化是重大的制度变迁过程,其实质是政府、企业、城乡劳动力多方的利益博弈过程。从制度变迁的角度看,城乡劳动力市场一体化的条件在于外部利润的存在以及各利益集团的成本-收益比较。要加快城乡劳动力市场一体化进程,必须从这些条件的影响因素着手。     

环境治理中政府机制有效性的制度分析

长期以来,传统观点一直认为,当环境治理的市场机制与社会机制失灵时,利用政府机制可以有效弥补二者的缺陷。然而,环境治理的政府机制是否总是有效,在环境治理的理论研究中,很少有涉及到对此问题的深入研究。通过利用制度分析的框架对环境治理中政府机制的作用机理、有效性、作用条件等展开了广泛的探讨,并就提高政府机制在环境治理中的有效性,给出了具体对策。     

"入世"后中国建筑业国际工程承包中的信息管理

本阐述了“入世”前建筑业国际工程承包存在的问题，及面临“入世”后建筑业国际工程承包面临的挑战，并提出中国应对“入世”国际工程承包中的信息管理措施。     

基于国际比较视角的高新技术企业融资与绩效研究

金融是现代经济的核心,促进科技和金融结合对于转变经济发展方式和经济结构战略性调整具有重要意义。因此,高新技术企业的融资问题成为创新驱动发展战略实施的关键性因素。本文从总结发达国家构建多层次融资平台支持高新技术企业发展的经验出发,运用生命周期理论实证分析我国高新技术制造企业在不同生命周期中的融资顺序和结构对企业绩效的影响。结果发现,高新技术企业融资方式与其生命周期不匹配,说明高新技术制造企业在融资渠道选择方面有待改进,进一步研究还发现,政府扶持资金效率有待提高,迫切需要构建多层次融资平台支持高新技术企业发展。     

Testing a model of reasoned risk‐taking: governance,the experience of principals and agents,and global strategy in high‐technology IPO firms

Research on the governance of risky ventures, like the initial public offerings (IPOs) of high‐technology firms, has focused primarily on the relationship between governance mechanisms and firm performance. While such an emphasis is clearly important, it does little to shed light on potential relationships between governance and the strategies pursued by risky firms, nor does it take into account the complementary role of key stakeholders in affecting those strategies. To partially remedy this deficit we integrate agency and behavioral perspectives to develop a theory of ‘reasoned risk‐taking,’ whereby the nature of risks undertaken is a consequence of the interaction of governance mechanisms and stakeholder characteristics. We demonstrate our theory by predicting when corporate governance should be associated with strategic risk‐seeking beyond a firm's technical core—as seen in the degree to which it has expanded internationally. Surprisingly, even though venture capitalists (VC) are risk specialists, we find that technology‐based IPO firms are less likely (i.e., a negative relationship) to have extensive global sales when they are backed by a VC. In support of our reasoned risk‐taking theoretical framework, we find that VCs are indeed risk‐seeking when VC backing is complemented by the international experience of their board appointees, top management team (TMT) members, or both. IPO firms with significant insider ownership are similarly global risk‐seekers, and those effects are strongest with an internationally seasoned board and TMT at the helm. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Knowledge spillover in corporate financing networks: embeddedness and the firm's debt performance

Building on social embeddedness theory, we examine how the competencies and resources of one corporate actor in a network are transferred to another actor that uses them to enhance transactions with a third actor—a strategic process we dub ‘network transitivity.’ Focusing on the properties of network transitivity in the context of small‐firm corporate finance, we consider how embedded relations between a firm and its banks facilitate the firm's access to distinctive capabilities that enable it to strategically manage its trade‐credit financing relationships. We apply theory and original case‐study fieldwork to explore the types of resources and competencies available through bank–firm relationships and to derive hypotheses about how embedded bank–firm relationships affect the strategy of small‐ to medium‐sized firms. Using a separate large‐scale data set, we then test the generalizability of our hypotheses. Our qualitative analyses show that embedded bank–firm ties provide special governance arrangements that facilitate the firm's access to bank‐centered informational and capital resources, which uniquely enhance the firm's ability to manage trade credit. Consistent with our arguments, our statistical analyses show that small‐ to medium‐sized firms with embedded ties to their bankers were more likely to take lucrative early‐payment trade discounts and avoid costly late‐payment penalties than were similar firms that lacked embedded ties—suggesting that social embeddedness beneficially affects the financial performance of the firm. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业生态位视角的商业生态系统稳定性研究

本文在利用生态位理论对商业生态系统的稳定性进行理论分析的基础上,构建了企业生态位模型。以我国××整车生产企业的商业生态系统为对象,通过计算、分析供应商的企业生态位宽度和企业生态位重叠度对商业生态系统的稳定性进行了实证研究。结果表明,该商业生态系统中供应商之间企业生态位的分离、部分重叠、完全重叠的状况并存。整车生产企业作为商业生态系统的构建者与领导者,可通过有效的策略调整供应商之间企业生态位的宽度和重叠度来促进供应商之间的竞争与合作,保持商业生态系统的稳定与发展。     

国际石油合作项目现场管理初探

国际石油合作项目的现场管理,是施工第一线的基础性管理,对项目成败起着关键性作用。在介绍国际石油合作项目现场管理特点的基础上,从人员管理、设备管理、材料管理、HSE管理、质量管理、关系管理等六个方面详细阐述了现场管理体系,最后给出了几点国际石油合作项目现场管理中应注意的问题.