财政平衡与财政赤字

本对于财政平衡及赤字，从理论与实践紧密结合的角度，自定义性的分析开始，作了分层次的通盘考察，涉及到赤字的口径、比重、弥补方式、财政收支安排原则等等，并展开到财政平衡与社会总供求平衡关系的勾画，以及财政赤字经济影响的分析，最终得出结论：财政赤字本身其实无所谓好坏，其在一定条件下可以成为一种财政政策工具，利用得当可以对经济产生积极的影响。     

失衡的增长结构与财政制度安排

本文基于中国式治理模式,从财政视角利用实证数据分析了中国失衡增长的内生机制。本文认为,中国失衡的增长结构与财政收支制度安排有关。在中国式治理模式下,1994年税改中确立的财政收入制度不仅挤压了居民消费能力,而且通过引致财政支出结构扭曲恶化了居民消费倾向。实现经济平衡增长,中国需要在现行体制框架内重构财政收支体系,通过建立以人为本的财政支出体系构筑居民有钱消费、敢于消费的制度环境,通过建立以人为主的财政收入制度构筑政府有效行政的激励结构和经济社会的内生平衡机制。     

通货膨胀、财政赤字与经济增长

铸币税和通货膨胀税作为政府隐性税收降低了居民可支配收入,通货膨胀与一般性税收之间的时滞对政府总财政税收产生了一定的影响,国内资本市场的不完善和政府对中央银行的直接干预是我国财政赤字和通货膨胀的主要原因,以通货膨胀促进经济增长不仅效果甚微,而且以改变居民经济预期的方式抑制了国内消费需求。     

财政赤字对我国宏观经济波动的实证检验

本文在巴罗的政府支出内生增长模型的基础上,使用1952-2006年年度数据为样本区间,对财政赤字和我国宏观经济波动的关系进行实证检验.实证研究结果显示,我国财政收支赤字(盈余)和我国经济增长之间存在双向因果关系;通过脉冲响应函数分析得出,短期内财政赤字对我国经济增长呈正向冲击,长期内财政赤字对我国经济增长呈负向冲击.     

美国联邦政府赤字、经济增长与前景展望

就在欧洲主权债务危机呈蔓延之势时,美国联邦政府的巨额赤字又成为新的关注点.从美国收支结构看,美国联邦政府刚性支出比例较大,而收入来源有限,因此削减债务难度很大.同时,计量分析也表明,经济衰退是财政赤字的根本原因.从国内生产总值组成部分的贡献度看,美国个人消费不振制约了经济持续增长,其原因可归结为家庭收入增长缓慢、家庭财富缩水、持续的产业结构调整以及人口老龄化.基于此,笔者认为,美国经济增长前景不容乐观,联邦政府的财政状况在未来两年内难以实现根本性好转.     

中国地区增长不平衡与所有制改革

本文利用了1952-2002年数据研究中国的长期经济增长问题。我们发现:(1)计划经济时期,地区间的不平衡持续上升,到七十年代后期达到顶峰。八十年代地区不平衡有所下降,进入九十年代以来,又有上升趋势。(2)初始时期的所有制结构(国有企业比重)相当大程度上解释了1978-2002期间各省长期经济增长率的差异。改革开放前国有企业比重高的地区经济发展快,改革开放后国有企业比重高的地区经济发展慢。我们还对所有制改革对长期经济增长的影响机制做了进一步分析。     

财政赤字与经济增长的定量研究

本文通过定量分析指出,财政赤字的增加能否引发通货膨胀关键在于所采取的弥补方式,若采用国债作为弥补方式,则所引起的通货膨胀率小于0.001,同时每一亿元国债将使国内生产总值增加国内生产总值/货币供应量(M1)亿元(1990-2000年的收益均值为1.97亿元);若向银行透支来弥补赤字,其效果大部分为通货膨胀所抵消,每一亿元赤字只能使国内生产总值增加0.67亿元.     

黑龙江省财政收支与经济增长关系研究

以黑龙江省财政支出结构与经济增长的关系作为研究对象,使用理论与实际相结合方法,结合相关理论对黑龙江省财政支出的现状与结构进行描述,并对黑龙江省1990—2011年财政支出结构与经济增长之间的关系进行实证研究,并得出相应的结论：黑龙江地方财政收支与区域经济增长存在正相关,地方财政收入水平有待提高。最后,在对黑龙江省城市带承接产业转移的大背景下,针对黑龙江省财政收支与经济增长的相关问题提出建议和对策。     

财政赤字、金融发展与经济增长：省级面板数据实证研究

本文在概括性描述我国金融发展的典型事实并重新构造度量指标的基础上,利用省级面板数据实证分析我国金融发展的决定因素,证实地方政府的财政收支行为对我国金融发展有显著的作用,其中财政赤字对经济货币化指标具有显著的正向影响,对重新构造的金融相关比率具有显著的正向作用,对以股票资产交易额衡量的资本市场发展指标具有显著的反向影响;而金融发展指标对经济增长的效应不显著,政府的扩张性支出行为驱动的金融发展即通过提高资本积累而不是资本效率促进经济增长,但这种增长的可持续性是不容乐观的。金融体系的进一步发展有赖于深化财政体制改革和创新公共融资模式。     

财政收支、货币供给与经济增长关系及变化趋势

运用向量误差修正模型、Wald系数约束检验,对我国财政收支、货币供给与经济增长关系进行实证分析。研究发现:在短期内,财政收支、货币供给是经济增长的Granger原因,财政收支、经济增长是货币供给增加的Granger原因;但从长期看,财政收支、货币供给与经济增长的因果关系不显著。因此,结合当前我国人民币升值压力和通胀预期的实际,应将财政政策与货币供给政策配合使用,即数量型工具和价格型工具要搭配,短期政策和长期政策要相搭配。     

Equilibrium Wage Dispersion,Firm Size,and Growth

This paper analyzes a model of equilibrium wage dynamics and wage dispersion across firms. It considers a labor market where firms set wages and workers use on-the-job search to look for better paid work. It analyzes a perfect equilibrium where each firm can change its wage paid at any time, and workers use optimal quit strategies. Firms trade off higher wages against a lower quit rate, and large firms (those with more employees) always pay higher wages than small firms. Non-steady-state dispersed price equilibria are also analyzed, which describe how wages vary as each firm and the industry as a whole grow over time. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D43, J41.     

Capital Expansion, Endogenous Growth and Equilibrium Unemployment

A model is developed, which captures the interactions of unemployment and economic growth in general equilibrium. The economy evolves along a correct-expectations equilibrium path exhibiting endogenous job rationing, and productivity growth is driven by installation of new capital. Under the maintained hypothesis that the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour is less than unity, unemployment benefits are shown to shift up the whole path of equilibrium unemployment, leaving the economy with a higher natural rate of unemployment and lowering the long-run growth rate permanently. Investment tax credits financed by lump sum taxes on total income are capable of lowering the natural rate and raising the economy's growth rate.     

Specialization, Information, and Growth: A Sequential Equilibrium Analysis

Pricing costs and information problems are introduced into a framework with consumer-producers, economies of specialization, and transaction costs, to predict the endogenous and concurrent evolution of the division of labor and of information concerning economic organization acquired by society. Concurrent evolution generates endogenous growth based on the tradeoff between gains from information about the efficient pattern of the division of labor—which can be acquired via experiments with various patterns—and experimentation costs, which relate to the costs of discovering prices. The concept of Walras sequential equilibrium is developed to analyze the social learning process which is characterized by uncertainties in the direction of the evolution and by a certain trend of the evolutionary process.     

结构性改革、企业家精神与经济增长

企业家的规模扩张并不必然带来经济增长已成为中国推进创新创业过程中亟待解决的现实矛盾,而结构性改革能否破解企业家精神的经济增长之谜并通过提升企业家质量来实现促增长是当前推动高质量发展面临的重要问题.在将企业家精神区分为机会型与生存型企业家精神的基础上,利用92个国家2001-2016年数据的实证研究表明,从长期来看,机会型企业家精神将促进经济增长,而生存型企业家精神将抑制经济增长;结构性改革能够激发机会型企业家精神,同时抑制生存型企业家精神,特别在增长转型阶段,贸易改革、金融改革与产权改革是促进机会型企业家精神的重要途径;结构性改革能通过影响机会型企业家精神实现经济增长.因此,以结构性改革激发和保护机会型企业家精神将是中国实现企业家质量提升与经济持续增长的重要途径.     

Revenue-Neutral Environmental Tariff Reform, Growth, and Welfare

This paper analyzes the growth and welfare effects of revenue‐neutral tariff reform in a small open endogenous growth model with environmental externalities. As is the case in countries that depend primarily on imported energy, the employment of a foreign intermediate good causes negative environmental externalities in production. This paper shows that substituting a tariff on the foreign intermediate good for a tariff on the foreign consumption good in a revenue‐neutral way raises the growth rate and the welfare, if the environmental externality is sufficiently strong and if the elasticity of substitution between inputs lies within a certain range.     

Reform,Growth, and Inequality in China*

This paper provides a survey of the literature on inequality in China – level, change, causes, and consequences. It attempts to answer six main questions. How much has inequality risen? What is its relation to poverty alleviation? What has happened to wealth inequality? What are the main dimensions of rising income inequality? The dimensions examined are: the rural–urban divide; urban labor market reform; regional divergence; rural–urban migration; and entrepreneurship, rent‐seeking, and corruption. Was it inevitable that inequality should rise so much? Does it matter that inequality has risen? Income distribution in China is bound up with both economic reform and economic growth. This paper concludes by considering the countervailing forces that will determine the path of inequality in future years.     

Equilibrium Growth and Nonlinear Dynamics in Continuous-Time Models

Building on recent work on equilibrium growth models with externality, I re-examine earlier results from multi-sector growth models in the continuous-time framework, and study the structural relationship between technology and local dynamics. It is shown that it is very easy to construct large classes of economies that exhibit Hopf bifurcations or indeterminacy with constant returns to scale in multi-sector frameworks.
JEL Classification Numbers: C41, E32, O41.     

Chaotic Equilibrium Dynamics in Endogenous Growth Models

We study a class of two-sector endogenous growth models in the presence of a positive external effect. The class of models exhibits global indeterminacy of equilibria. The qualitative properties of a set of examples are analyzed by means of analytical and numerical methods. We also construct robust examples of both topological and ergodic chaos. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: E30, O41.     

环境与经济增长的动态均衡分析

本文以Solow增长模型为基础,在生产函数中引入环境资本这一生产要素,建立了环境Solow模型。它首先分析了资本均衡点和环境资源均衡点的存在性,而后应用非线性微分方程组的相位图分析方法对密集形式模型中的资本存量变化率和环境资本存量变化率进行动态均衡分析,得到在模型设定的条件下,经济达到均衡增长路径的条件。本文同时分析了模型中的参数对过渡期和长期经济增长的影响,并利用脉冲响应函数对结论进行了实证检验。