Taking a hit to save the world? Employee participation in a corporate social initiative

Research Summary: Companies often justify their corporate social initiatives by citing talent management benefits. We examine the extent of, and the reasons for, employee interest in such an initiative in a global management consulting firm. We find a large fraction of employees to be interested in participation in the initiative even when participation requires a personal sacrifice in the form of a salary cut. However, this interest is driven not just by prosocial motivation: Expectations regarding private benefits, such as improved career prospects from new skills acquired, also play a role. Considerations of social impact and private benefits are equally salient when no salary cut is required, but private considerations become more prominent when participating employees are asked to accept a salary cut. Managerial Summary: Many companies are moving from stand‐alone corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects to social initiatives integrated into strategy. Providing employees with the opportunity to participate in such initiatives is said to help attract, motivate and retain talent. In this study, carried out in collaboration with a management consulting firm, we examine how much and why employees value participation in a corporate social initiative. Based on interviews and survey data, we find that employees are not only interested in, but often even willing to accept, a temporary salary cut for the opportunity. However, altruistic motivation is not the only driver of this interest: Employees also expect and value the possibility that the experience would lead to private benefits, such as developing skills likely to enhance their career prospects.     

公司治理、组织能力和社会责任--基于整合与协同演化的视角

公司治理、组织能力和社会责任是企业永续经营难以回避的关键问题，但在学术界它们是被分开来研究的．这很大程度上制约了对企业发展的综合思考。本文在批判性回顾已有相关研究成果的基础上．论述了三者作为企业价值运作机制的组成部分而具有的共同特征。本文基于整合视角而不是分离角度、基于动态视角而不是静态角度，将组织能力、公司治理和社会责任融合在一起，构建了三者的整合模型和演化过程，对其协同演化的“最佳实践”作了相关拓展．并提出初步政策建议。     

论企业社会责任的本质——兼与李伟先生商榷其他利益相关者在企业治理结构中的地位

基于利益相关者理论,企业的各个相关者都向企业投入了一定专用性资源,各相关者应按投入资源的比例共享企业的收益,并共同享有企业的治理权。企业社会责任的本质就是企业的各个利益相关者之间的利益分配关系和与之相联系的企业治理权配置关系。企业承担社会责任实际上就是在各利益相关者之间恰当分配企业的治理权,进而确保企业建立合适的社会责任体系来对各相关者承担相应的责任和义务,并且向各相关者履行这些责任和义务的代价占整个企业收益分配的比例,应与各相关者向企业投入的专用性资源的价值比例基本一致。只有企业的各个利益相关者分享了合适的企业治理权,才能确保企业对其履行相应的社会责任。     

Who is governing whom? Executives,governance, and the structure of generosity in large U.S. firms

We examine how organizational structure influences strategies over which corporate leaders have significant discretion. Corporate philanthropy is a strategic activity commonly managed through a specific, differentiated organizational structure—the corporate foundation—that formalizes and constrains the influence of individual senior managers and directors on corporate strategy. Our analysis of Fortune 500 firms from 1996 to 2006 shows that characteristics of senior management and directors affect corporate philanthropic contributions. We also find that organizational structure constrains the philanthropic influence of board members, but not of senior managers, a result contrary to what existing theory would predict. We discuss how these findings advance understanding of how organizational structure and corporate leadership interact and how organizations can more effectively realize the strategic value of corporate social responsibility activities.     

Do ratings of firms converge? Implications for managers,investors and strategy researchers

Research summary : Raters of firms play an important role in assessing domains ranging from sustainability to corporate governance to best places to work. Managers, investors, and scholars increasingly rely on these ratings to make strategic decisions, invest trillions of dollars in capital, and study corporate social responsibility (CSR), guided by the implicit assumption that the ratings are valid. We document the surprising lack of agreement across social ratings from six well‐established raters. These differences remain even when we adjust for explicit differences in the definition of CSR held by different raters, implying the ratings have low validity. Our results suggest that users of social ratings should exercise caution in interpreting their connection to actual CSR and that raters should conduct regular evaluations of their ratings. Managerial summary : Ratings of corporate social responsibility (CSR) guide trillions of dollars of investment, but managers, investors, and researchers know little about whether these ratings accurately measure CSR. In practice, there are examples of highly rated firms becoming embroiled in scandals and the same firm receiving sharply different ratings from different rating agencies. We evaluate six of the leading raters and find little overlap in their assessments of CSR. This lack of consensus suggests that social responsibility is challenging to measure reliably and that users of these ratings should be cautious in drawing conclusions about firms based on this data. We encourage the rating agencies to regularly validate their data in an effort to improve the measurement of CSR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中外钢铁联合企业社会责任信息披露案例比较研究

本文基于企业的规模、竞争力和知名度,从国内和国外分别选择了一家具有代表性的钢铁联合企业进行企业社会责任信息披露方面的比较研究,包括企业基本情况比较、企业社会责任信息披露形式比较以及企业社会责任信息披露内容比较.     

企业社会责任与企业价值的相关性研究--来自沪市上市公司的经验证据

作者以我国上海证券交易所2003年521家上市公司为样本，研究了企业社会责任活动与企业价值的相关性问题。结果表明，从当期看。承担社会责任越多的企业。企业价值越低；但从长期看，根据关键利益相关者理论与社会资本理论。承担社会责任并不会降低企业价值。同时，本文的研究也表明资产规模、负债比率、重污染行业因素与企业承担社会责任活动显著正相关；财务状况或其他状况异常的ST类公司、前一年的盈利能力与企业承担社会责任活动显著负相关。     

企业社会绩效与品牌金融价值关系的实证研究

本文运用世界品牌实验室(world Brand Lab)发布的《中国500最具价值品牌排行榜》中的上市公司作为样本,以中国社会科学院发布的2009年中国企业社会责任发展指数计量企业社会绩效,实证分析了企业社会绩效与品牌金融价值之间的相互关系,结果发现:企业社会绩效与品牌金融价值存在相互促进的关系;企业规模不仅影响企业社会绩效,也影响品牌金融价值;企业社会绩效与企业性质存在显著的负相关,国有企业比非国有企业承担更多地企业社会责任,而对于品牌金融价值,无论是国有企业,还是非国有企业,均不受企业性质的影响.     

基于自我主体价值的行为公司治理理论

本文首先提出并用实验检验了经济主体自我主体价值理论。实验结果显示,经济主体对自己有本能的认同和欣赏,具有自我主体价值感,从而表现出违反完全理性假定的行为特征。进而,本文创立了基于自我主体价值的行为公司治理理论,并运用该理论对公司治理中的代理问题(主体意识)、外部董事制度(主体无涉)、高管持股(主体融合)、家族企业治理(主体同一)、控制权之争(主体互斥)和政府控制(主体错位)等重要问题进行了一以贯之的分析。     

Does it pay to be different? An analysis of the relationship between corporate social and financial performance

This study explores the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP) within the context of a specific component of CSP: corporate charitable giving. A model of the determinants of the extent of corporate charitable giving is estimated and used as the basis of a classification that groups firms according to the difference between their actual and their predicted intensity of gift giving. The financial performance attributes of the classification are explored. We found that firms with both unusually high and low CSP have higher financial performance than other firms, with unusually poor social performers doing best in the short run and unusually good social performers doing best over longer time horizons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

With greater power comes greater responsibility? takeover protection and corporate attention to stakeholders

Using takeover protection as an indicator of corporate governance, this study examines how an exogenous shift in power from shareholders to managers affects corporate attention to non‐shareholding stakeholders. Two competing hypotheses are entertained. The shareholder view predicts that stronger takeover protection will lead to a decrease in corporate attention to shareholders and non‐shareholding stakeholders alike, as managers divert resources from shareholders to the pursuit of their private interests. The stakeholder view, in contrast, predicts that stronger takeover protection will increase corporate attention to non‐shareholding stakeholders. Because catering to non‐shareholding stakeholders contributes to the long‐term value of the firm, managers will be more likely to attend to those stakeholders when relieved from short‐termism triggered by the threat of hostile takeovers. Using a sample of 878 U.S. firms from 1991 to 2002, the study finds that an exogenous increase in takeover protection leads to higher corporate attention to community and the natural environment, but has no impact on corporate attention to employees, minorities, and customers. Additional analyses show that firms that increase their attention to stakeholders experience an increase in long‐term shareholder value. These findings provide additional evidence that relief from short‐termism is a likely source of the increase in corporate attention to non‐shareholding stakeholders following the increase in takeover protection. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业社会责任弹簧模型及其作用机理研究

近年来,企业社会责任受到越来越多的关注。本文认为企业社会责任已经成为可持续发展的要求,提出企业社会责任与社会责任期望之间存在的三个相关性假设。在此基础上,本文构建了企业社会责任弹簧模型,并从发展趋势和实践效果两个角度对企业社会责任的作用机理进行了详细分析。基于分析结论,本文提出企业在社会责任实践中要实现三个结合:与顾客价值相结合,与企业价值相结合,与企业目标相结合,使得企业社会责任成为推动可持续发展的重要力量。     

企业社会责任观的演进与发展:基于综合性社会契约的理解

利益相关者理论与主流企业理论在企业社会责任fq题上存在着根本的分歧，但从历史的视角来审视企业社会责任观的演进可以发现，企业社会责任与利益相关者的利益要求是紧密结合在一起的。企业在履行其囊括显性契约与隐性契约在内的综合性社会契约时，必须考虑其利益相关者合理的利益要求，进而主动承担起应有的社会责任。     

企业慈善捐赠行为影响因素的实证分析——以广东省民营企业为例

以利益相关者理论为基础,从企业内部的资源和能力、外部的政府行为两个角度出发来考察广东省民营企业慈善捐赠行为的影响因素。运用Logistic回归模型,通过对273份有效问卷的实证分析,发现民营企业慈善捐赠行为与企业现金流的多寡没有显著关系,但企业形象、企业慈善决策机制、企业规模大小、企业所处的生命周期阶段对民营企业是否进行慈善捐赠有显著影响。我国民营企业应结合其资源能力和外部环境。开展战略性慈善捐赠,这是关乎其健康持续成长的重要要素。