论墨子的经济学和经济管理学说

本文从生产、分配、流通和消费等方面分十个问题探讨了墨子的经济学和经济管理学说。     

浅谈大型建设工程施工总平面设计

简单介绍了关于大型建设工程施工总平面设计的国内外研究现状。根据大型建设工程施工总平面的概念及特点,将其看作一个系统,采用系统工程学理论和价值工程学原理,结合专家评分法,对大型建设工程施工总平面设计方法进行了分析。以安徽凤台电厂一期工程为例,并进行了实例分析,证明了所提出的大型建设工程施工总平面设计方法是比较系统而合理的,具有一定的可操作性,可以应用于大型建设工程施工。     

绿色设计在工业产品设计中的应用

随着人类生存环境的不断恶化,资源可持续发展的重要性逐渐被人们所认识,引发了绿色设计和人性化设计等设计思潮。从3个方面对绿色设计在工业设计中的应用进行了认识分析,指出绿色设计融入工业设计是工业设计发展的必然趋势,它会使工业设计更加符合人类消费心理的需求,符合社会发展的需求,使工业设计理论更为科学实用。     

基于模糊综合评判的桩基础设计方案优选

本介绍了一种经济合理，先进可行的桩基础设计方案选择的方法-模糊综合评判方法，采用定性和定量相结合方法建立了方法优选的模糊决策模型，结合工程实例，给出了计算方法和步骤。     

汾河碾压混凝土坝安全监测设计布置研讨

大坝安全监测设计指导和控制着安全监测工作的进行,安全监测的效果和作用与监测设计质量有很大关系。本文对汾河大坝安全监测设计结果进行了研究,并提出了一些改进意见和建议。     

User-oriented design for the optimal combination on product design

This paper presents a new approach of user-oriented design for transforming users’ perception into product elements design. An experimental study on mobile phones is conducted to examine how product form and product color affect product image individually and as a whole. The concept of Kansei Engineering is used to extract the experimental samples as a data base for Quantitative Theory Type I and neural networks (NNs). The result of numerical analysis suggests that mobile phone makers need to provide various product colors to attract users, in addition to product forms. This paper demonstrates the advantage of using NNs for determining the optimal combination of product form and product color, particularly if the product into design elements. Based on the analysis of NNs, we can use 72 representative product colors of each mobile phone to develop a product color data base consisting of 16777216 (=256×256×256, True-Color model) colors with the associated product image. The design data base provides useful insights to save any amount of money and time for the new product development. The product designers can input a product image to work out an adequate color on a mobile phone. Furthermore, the design data base can be used, in conjunction with computer-aided design system or virtual reality technology, to build a 3D model for facilitating the design process of mobile phones. Although, the mobile phones are chosen as the object of the experimental study, this approach can be applied to other products with various design elements.     

工程设计咨询服务效果的评价

我国工程设计咨询业同时面临着机遇和挑战，研究如何客观评价其咨询服务效果问题，以利于保证其咨询质量和提高咨询水平。章通过对工程设计特点的分析，建立了咨询服务效果评价的指标体系，提出了实用科学的评价方法——模糊综合评判法。     

A simulation-based evaluation of the cost of cycle time reduction in Agere Systems wafer fabrication facility—a case study

With the vast amount of capital invested in the semiconductor industry and the high level of competitiveness, semiconductor manufacturers are continuously searching for new methods to gain more market share and increase their profits. New technologies are continuously in demand, and are pushing the semiconductor manufacturers to seek better market position through constant improvement in their processes and products.Agere Systems is one of the leading companies in the microelectronics industry. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for strategic capacity expansion of production equipment at Agere Systems wafer fabrication facility (fab). We integrate simulation modeling, design of experiments, statistical analysis, and economic justification tools to aid in this highly complex decision-making process. We compliment the framework with a particular implementation. The procedure involved studying the factors in the fab that significantly impact the cycle times of the four main technologies that are currently in process and will stay in demand for at least the next few years. Moreover, the goal was to quantify the economic impact of reducing cycle times.To accomplish the objectives of this research, a valid simulation model of the production line of the fab was built. The production equipment (tool sets) that significantly influence production cycle time were identified through factor screening experiments. Based on these factors, several scenarios involving the acquisition of additional tools, aimed at cutting down cycle times, were identified and the operating characteristics curves were constructed. These characteristics curves were used to relate cycle time to production volume capabilities. Finally, an economic analysis was conducted to evaluate the return on investment in additional tools.The outcome of the case study was the identification of bottleneck facilities in the fab that have a significant impact on the cycle time of the four technologies. In the economic analysis, the cost of adding machines to these facilities was compared with the benefits resulting from the increase in production capacities.     

The design process — Does it exist?

There are many published models for the process of design or open-ended problem solving. Some of these are represented in diagrammatic form while others are implicit within the text of the publication. Where do these models come from? Upon what evidence are they based and how accurately do they describe the pupil designer? The idea that we should teach pupils a procedure for completing design and make tasks or a strategy for solving problems is an attractive one but is there only one procedure and is this easily transferred to a wide variety of tasks? This article examines the similarities in a variety of published models for the design or problem-solving process including those implicitly described in the development of the National Curriculum for Design and Technology in England and Wales. It finds a surprising consensus of opinion among authors but suggests that there is little research evidence to support their claims.     

"十一五"规划指标体系更新与地方政府绩效考核改进

地方政府官员绩效考核是我国政治生活中的难题，GDP导向下的地方政府行为是我国经济社会发展诸多矛盾的症结所在，“十一五”规划指标体系的重大更新不仅体现了我国发展模式和建设思路的根本性转变，而且为正确界定地方政府职能．改进地方政府绩效考核提供了依据和条件。     

基于性能的住宅建筑抗震设计分析

基于性能的住宅建筑抗震设计方案既要技术先进,也要结构合理、安全和实用;既要降低工程造价,也要保证抗震设防要求和抵御地震风险的能力。基于性能的住宅建筑抗震设计方案应采用定性与定量相结合、理论与实践相结合的方法;应采用专家、技术人员和工人三结合;应符合现行的设计标准和规范的规定;应依据工程特点和功能要求,合理地选择建设场地和地基;应该选择有利于抗震的住宅建筑平面和立面布置、选择合理的抗震结构体系、处理好非结构构件和严格选用结构材料。     

Integrating the Kano model into a robust design approach to enhance customer satisfaction with product design

The aesthetic qualities of products are critical factors in achieving higher customer satisfaction. This study presents a robust design approach incorporating the Kano model to obtain the optimal combination of design form elements. This can effectively enhance customer satisfaction and aesthetic product qualities with multiple-criteria characteristics. The Kano model is used to better understand the relationship between performance criteria and customer satisfaction, and to resolve trade-off dilemma in multiple-criteria optimization by identifying the key criteria in customer satisfaction. The robust design approach combines grey relational analysis with the Taguchi method to optimize subjective quality with multiple-criteria characteristics. This simultaneously yields the optimal aesthetic performance and reduces the variations in customer evaluations. Based on Kano model analysis, a weight adjustment process determines the weight of each product criterion for achieving the desired customer satisfaction performance. This process guides the prioritizing of multiple criteria, leading to higher customer satisfaction. A mobile phone design experiment was conducted to verify the benefits of using the proposed integrative approach. Results show that the generated optimal mobile phone design can effectively enhance overall aesthetic performance and customer satisfaction. Although mobile phone designs are the examples of this study, the proposed method may be further used as a universal robust design approach for enhancing customer satisfaction and product quality with multiple-criteria characteristics.     

工程设计成果质量的定量化评价

为了更加客观、准确地评价工程设计成果质量,本文就工程设计成果质量的定量化评价方法进行了讨论,包括指标体系、评价模型及评审步骤等.     

冬暖夏热地区民用建筑隔墙板的经济性及综合比较研究

随着装配式建筑的发展,民用建筑中轻质隔墙板的推广应用也日新月异.与所有新生事物的发展一样,轻质隔墙板的应用有待人们多角度、全面的认识.通常,由于资料、事例、精力有限,人们对轻质隔墙板的性能和应用仅是有限和定性的分析,不足以得出正确的认识.在对生产企业和施工工地调研的基础上,以及前期对轻质隔墙板的技术性、施工性指标做针对...     

The power of dimensional analysis in production systems design

Dimensional Analysis (DA) is a well-known methodology in physics, chemistry and other traditional engineering areas. In its simplest form, DA is used to check the meaningfulness of a set of equations (dimensional homogeneity). In the last century, the dimensional theory has been profoundly investigated: its highest achievement is the Buckingham theorem (or pi-theorem), which states that any equation modelling a physical problem can be rearranged in terms of dimensionless ratios, thus saving variables to be handled, and especially enriching the inner physical knowledge of the studied phenomenon.In this paper we investigate how DA can be applied to Operations Management (OM) topics and which benefits it can bring to researchers in this area. A literature review is performed to clarify the main operative issues regarding DA application (assumptions and limitations); then existing applications of DA to OM are explored, pointing out that few researchers have tried to apply this methodology in the OM research field.Stemming from this analysis, we applied the pi-theorem to the design of a Flexible Manufacturing System. A complex problem, requiring 13 dimensional quantities to be expressed, is first studied via simulation; then DA is applied, reducing the number of variables to 9 dimensionless ratios. The reduced problem has a suitable size to be analytically explored and a regression model is formulated which, compared with the simulation study, offers the same precision in analysing the FMS behaviour, being more compact and powerful. This application shows the potential of DA in OM research, and will hopefully draw the attention of researches to this powerful, but unfamiliar and therefore neglected, methodology.     

施工质量管理绩效评估体系构建的研究

要全面、正确地衡量施工阶段的建筑质量管理绩效,就必须科学、合理的选择多种绩效指标,形成一个完整的施工阶段建筑质量管理绩效评估体系。通过对施工阶段建筑质量管理绩效内涵与结构的分析,明确界定了施工阶段建筑质量管理绩效的概念,从施工前的施工准备阶段、施工中阶段和施工后竣工验收前3个阶段遴选了31个评价指标,并运用隶属度分析、相关分析和鉴别力分析对评估指标进行实证筛选,进而建立了施工阶段建筑质量管理绩效评估体系并进行信度检验。     

On-line critiques in collaborative design studio

In this study, the Design Collaboration Model (DCM) was developed to provide a medium for the on-line collaboration of the design courses. The model was based on the situated and reflective practice characteristics of the design process. The segmentation method was used to analyse the design process observed both in the design diaries and the redline files that were composed of the problem domain and the design strategies. In the problem domain, it was observed that high emphasis was given to the design abstractions in the level of details of a space or sub-space. Also, the critics were more interested in the solution space than the problem space. As a design strategy, rejecting a solution was more practiced than proposing alternative solutions. Since the performance score of the students was highly correlated to the number of segments in critiques, it is concluded that quality rather than quantity of critiques determine the success level of proposed design solutions.

旅游地纪念性礼品茶包装设计的新思考

伴随着旅游业大发展,旅游地纪念性礼品茶行业也蓬勃兴起,但各个茶叶品牌的发展却良莠不齐。在各旅游景区的茶叶市场,品牌意识薄弱、包装同质化、过度包装的问题成为普遍现象。在生态设计理念下,礼品茶走品牌化、系列化之路是包装设计的发展趋势。     

监理工作渗透设计阶段造价控制的方法探析

工程造价的高低是决定方案取舍的关键,也是衡量投资效果好坏的主要依据。如何把工程造价控制在科学合理的水平是工程建设各方合力追求的目标。文章对我国工程建设项目造价控制的现状进行了分析,阐述了工程监理在项目投资控制中所起的重要作用。通过各阶段比较分析,提出整个项目建设期间造价控制的关键在于设计阶段,设计的正确与否直接关系着项目的成败,所以应进一步将监理工作渗透到项目设计阶段的各项活动中,才能对工程造价进行最有效的控制。这对实行了20年多的工程监理模式提出了新的要求。