管理劳动:价值创造及财富分配

目前,非实体性生产要素的作用在现代经济中日益突出。作为一种非实体的生产要素,管理劳动者具有稀缺性的特点。管理劳动不仅改变了传统的以实体性生产要素为特点的生产关系结构,而且改变了传统的财富分配关系。因此,管理者的收入包括两方面:一方面获取工资,另一方面参与剩余价值的分配。     

Ethical Customer Value Creation: Drivers and Barriers

There is a long-standing discussion on the positive interactions between enterprise value creation and business competitiveness. The corporate value can be seen as being created from three major sources within the cycle – from employees, from processes, and from customers or investors through reinvestment. To achieve competitive advantages, a firm must create more value than its competitors in the industry. Emphasizing that, firms should explore the positive drivers of customer value creation, allowing for a true value creation that will lead to increments in competitiveness. In reality, however, there are also barriers that hinder customer value creation. Targeting the above issues that have not yet been explored or analyzed, we have collected related literature at the first stage. Based on these presumable assumptions, this paper then conducts an empirical study by surveying and analyzing the relevance given by the investigated leading machinery measuring equipment firms in Taiwan, regarding the concerns as drivers and barriers in relation to customer value creation. This paper especially aims to answer several key questions: What drivers revolving around employees and processes can facilitate the organization to create more value for its customers? Conversely, what barriers block the organization from creating value for customers in examining the same dimensions? Does value creation direct an organization’s profitability and competitiveness? Our questionnaire survey results show that the most recognized and agreed drivers of customer value creation in consideration of employees are “distinctive skills”, “personal experience”, “learning and training”, and “team work”; and, in regard to the firm’s processes, the key drivers are “innovation and evolution”, “R&;D capability”, and “capability for differentiation”. Conversely, the most recognized and agreed barriers to customer value creation in relation to employees are a “distrustful environment” and “inadequate knowledge”; and, in terms of processes, they are “short of core technology”, “poor resource support”, and “bad services and attitudes”. Furthermore, our in-depth interview outcomes reveal that “capital sufficiency” and “mergers and acquisitions” are in practice considered to be other important customer value creation drivers; in contrast, “cultural and structural barriers” and “short of mechanisms to measure customer value creation effectively” are viewed as additional critical barriers to customer value creation.     

价值创造与价值分配的再认识

本文重新界定了劳动的含义及生产劳动与非生产劳动的划分标准,将生产劳动归结为自利性市场交换劳动,非生产劳动归结为公益性社会服务劳动,从而使得生产劳动与非生产劳动的划分标准,从传统的物质生产领域与非物质生产领域、价值创造与价值实现、初次分配与再分配的表象标准中解脱了出来。在此基础上重新确定了价值创造、价值实现与价值分配,初次分配与再分配的领域和范围,并研究探讨了不同经济部门的演进规律。     

企业社会责任边界模型：从价值创造出发

企业社会责任边界如何确定？这是企业社会责任理论研究和实践推进的重点和难点。学界往往热衷于作出理想化的理论假定,但作者认为,定义企业社会责任边界不能从文本出发,而必须从价值出发,着眼于现实来认识企业的本质,并以此为基础,来确定企业的社会责任边界：首先,要最大限度地实现商品和服务提供相联系的最大综合价值,其次,要最大限度地处理与人与人的关系相联系的综合价值。     

Value Creation in the Mobile Market

In recent years competitive pressure in mobile markets has increased remarkably. New business models and thus new actors have entered the market. This contribution analyzes the reconfiguration of value structures and strategies in mobile markets. For this purpose, mobile network operators’ service portfolio is analyzed on the basis of a worldwide survey, and the relevant current and future value creation activities are identified with consideration of additional actors and influence factors. On that basis, roles are developed, linked with regard to value flows and combined to a reference model for the mobile market value net. Subsequently, scenario planning is used to develop a set of criteria for the construction of corresponding future scenarios and the application of the reference model is demonstrated with such a scenario.     

A Model of Value Creation: Strategic View

Value creation has long been hailed as the major objective of business firms by many management researchers. Some authors state that a firm must create value for its shareholders; some insist that value must be created not just for shareholders but also for all stakeholders. However, most discussions of value creation do not address an important question: "For whom the value is created?" The purpose of this paper is to take a first step to fill this void and propose a model of value creation along three dimensions: financial, nonfinancial, and time. It is hoped that the model will contribute to a better understanding of how strategic and operational decisions of managers may create value for some stakeholders while destroying it for others.     

财政学300年:基于国家治理视角的分析

本文从财政与国家治理的关系角度,将近代以来的财政学发展划分为三个100年左右的时期,分别为官房学时代、政治经济学时代和经济学时代,探讨了这三门学科及其国家治理理念对财政学所产生的影响.在总结历史的基础上,本文提出财政学发展是一种演化而非进化的观点.官房学时代的财政学,极其重视国家的作用,奠定了财政学的政治学基础;政治经济学时代的财政学,强调国家要顺应经济规律,构建了财政学的经济学基础;经济学时代的财政学,主张财政要依据民意,满足社会需要,形成了财政学的社会学基础.当前我国财政学的发展应当融合三个学科的相关合理内涵,而不仅限于经济学的研究范式.     

论品牌情感性价值的创造

在21世纪的市场营销中，竞争越来越擅长于快速复制创新，产品和价格对品牌的竞争优势几乎不起作用，情感在交换的价值中所占的比例越来越多。因此，激起和满足目标顾客的情感需求，创造品牌独特的情感性价值正变得越来越重要。品牌情感性价值由三个要素即信赖、体验、精力组成。相对应地，创造品牌情感性价值，提高品牌忠诚度有三大策略：保持品牌标识和品牌形象一致，深度沟通和关注细节。     

Information Gathering and Customer Value Creation in Business-to-Business Services:

Regardless of whether a product or a service is offered, or whether the customer is an organization or a final consumer, the company that adopts a market orientation (seeks to gather information on the customer and to offer the highest value to the customer) has the greatest potential for success in the marketplace. This study examines whether the adoption of business-to-business services by customer firms is influenced by the perceived level of market orientation of the service provider. Empirical results from the telecommunication industry showed that if the vendor firm were perceived to gather relevant customer information and to provide a more valuable service offer to the customer firm, the customer would weight the value of the service offer more highly in the adoption decision. Managerial implications and directions for future research are presented in the concluding section.     

转轨经济中的市场治理结构的生成与演进

发达的市场经济，就是市场机制能够对社会资源进行合理有效配置，而市场机制能否有效地发挥作用在于市场治理结构。我国在由计划经济向社会主义市场经济转轨过程中，市场治理结构对于社会主义市场机制的有效发挥和规范市场秩序具有重要的作用。     

价值链治理模式与企业升级的路径选择

集群理论强调集群当地内部的联系是实现企业升级的关键，全球价值链理论认为全球分配体系和生产体系中企业跨国界之间联系是企业升级的关键，但集群理论忽视了和外界的联系对于企业升级的重要性，而全球价值链理论忽视了当地联系对于企业升级的重要意义。本文通过价值链治理模式将这两种理论联系起来，认为企业是处于全球价值链不同治理模式中的单位，企业要实现升级，必须根据它在全球价值链中所处的地位，采取不同的战略。     

Value Creation in Brand Alliances: A Dynamic Conceptualization

The objective of this article is to conceptualize the value creation process in brand alliances using a dynamic approach, based upon the literature on strategic alliances and inter organizational relationships, to explain the importance of organizational components in brand alliances. The research question is to identify the key components which allow the creation and sustaining of value: context, actors, objectives, behaviors, resources, and governance mechanisms, internal and external conditions affecting the value creation process. Then the framework is applied in case studies of brand alliances in the food market. We show that the impact of these components depends on the nature of the organizations involved, on market conditions and on the manner resources and governance mechanisms are combined together.     

公司财务治理模式机制创新若干问题初探

传统的财务治理模式忽略了债权人和股东的冲突以及经营管理者和股东的冲突,从而导致传统财务治理模式不能涵盖"债权人——股东——经营管理者"这一委托代理关系的全部,更不能达到有效治理的目的。为了保证企业治理程序的完善,应进一步加强和优化企业财务治理,建立相应的财务信号系统和财务评价体系,制定合理的相机治理程序,建立一个由有债权人参与的共同治理和有经营管理者参与的相机治理相结合的机制。     

利益相关者财务治理的一致性聚类分析

本文利用聚类分析方法研究利益相关者参与企业财务治理的决策机制,以融资决策为例,将内部融资、债务融资、股权融资三种不同的融资类型作为决策者判断的方案,不同类型融资的具体数值作为三角模糊数,考虑决策者的权重对决策者一致度计算的影响,计算不同决策者之间的一致度距离,进行决策者聚类,依据聚类的结果,计算一致性相同的决策者集合的最终方案集,最后通过实例演示了上述的计算过程。     

"国家治理财政论":从公共物品到公共秩序

本文沿着"财政制度一增进公共秩序一国家能力支柱一实现国家治理目标"的逻辑,建立起"国家治理财政论"的基本框架,详细阐明了财政与国家治理的关系.本文理论要点有:(1) "公共秩序"是人的基本需要和经济社会运行的保障;(2)市场经济发展带来经济从社会中脱嵌、利益格局分化、创造性破坏三大进程,公共秩序不断面临冲击和重建过程;(3)国家治理依赖于"国家能力"的支持,国家能力的两大支柱是市场增进能力和组织动员能力;(4)为建设良好的公共秩序,国家治理目标是经济有效、社会有序、政治包容;(5)财政支出、收入、预算和政府间财政关系中的一系列制度安排,从不同侧面有助于经济增长和稳定、社会保护和控制、权利开放和维护权威等目标的实现.     

互联网金融发展对银行流动性创造的影响研究

本文基于2006-2014年中国104家商业银行的非平衡面板数据进行实证分析,发现互联网金融的发展对银行流动性创造呈负相关关系,第三方支付、网络借贷以及互联网理财产品均不同程度地抑制了商业银行的流动性创造。同时,互联网金融的发展对银行资产端流动性产生显著影响,对银行负债端流动性以及表外业务流动性未产生明显影响。此外,互联网金融对于不同类型银行的影响也有区别,城市商业银行流动性创造受互联网金融的影响最为显著,其次是外资银行和大型股份制银行,而农村商业银行流动性创造并未受到显著影响。     

中国农业产业链融资模式——典型案例与理论含义

在我国农户分化与农业生产经营模式发生转变的大背景下,农户小额贷款模式越来越难以满足农业产业发展的需要.借助交易主体之间的交易关系、内嵌保险元素、发挥政府主导作用,农业产业链融资模式初步实现了金融支持农业发展的模式创新.基于对“五里明模式”与“六方合作+保险模式”两个典型案例的分析,本文概括了我国农业产业链融资模式的发展背景、运行机制及其特点,从盈利性、交易成本、风险控制、抵押担保与政府作用等五个方面探讨了其理论含义,并在此基础上反思了已有的三种农村金融研究范式对于指导信贷支农政策的局限.     

Corporate Social Strategy in Multinational Enterprises: Antecedents and Value Creation

In this article, we examine the relationship of the multinational firm’s market environment, stakeholders, resources, and values to the development of strategic social planning and strategic social positioning. Using a sample of multinational enterprises in Mexico, we examine the relationship of these different ways of conducting social strategy to the creation of value by the firm. The market conditions of munificence and dynamism, and the resource for continuous innovation are found to be related to strategic social positioning. The social responsibility orientation of the firm is related to strategic social planning. Positioning is related to value creation for the multinational firm, but planning is not. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice. Bryan W. Husted is a professor of management at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico) and Alumni Association Chair of Business Ethics at the Instituto de Empresa (Spain). His research focuses on corporate social and environmental management. His work has appeared in such publications as the Journal of Management Studies, Organization Science, and the Journal of Business Ethics. David B. Allen is a professor of strategy at the Instituto de Empresa (Spain). He received an MBA from New York University and his M.F.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on non-market strategy. His work has appeared in such publications as the Journal of International Business Studies and the Journal of Business Ethics. He has consulted extensively for European and American multinational firms.