Estimating the export and import demand for manufactured goods: The role of FDI

In this paper we estimate the demand for exports and imports of manufactured goods for a panel containing the majority of the EU countries as well as the United States and Japan. The model includes as explanatory factors both the traditional determinants of trade and also the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI). We apply panel unit root and cointegration tests allowing for heterogeneity. Whereas there is no evidence of cointegration when using just the traditional formulation, the results are favorable to the existence of long-run relationships linking the variables of the augmented model. Moreover, the results point mainly to a complementary relationship between trade and FDI.     

Estimating the export and import demand for manufactured goods: The role of FDI

In this paper we estimate the demand for exports and imports of manufactured goods for a panel containing the majority of the EU countries as well as the United States and Japan. The model includes as explanatory factors both the traditional determinants of trade and also the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI). We apply panel unit root and cointegration tests allowing for heterogeneity. Whereas there is no evidence of cointegration when using just the traditional formulation, the results are favorable to the existence of long-run relationships linking the variables of the augmented model. Moreover, the results point mainly to a complementary relationship between trade and FDI.     

提高政府公共品供给能力 扩大国内需求

近些年我国政府一直在实行扩大内需的战略方针,可内需总是启动得不够充分。公共品短缺是内需不足的症结所在,供给主体职能不到位是内需不足的制度性障碍。推进政府职能转变,提高公共品供给能力,是扩大内需的根本性政策选择。     

Analysing and evaluating the taxpayer's demand for merit goods: the case of public sector education and health in Mauritius

This paper analyses the average taxpayer's demand for merit goods, namely, education and health, in Mauritius, a small developing island state. To study these development-related goods, a fresh methodology is employed that captures the characteristics of the Mauritian economy. The empirical evidence relates to the post-independence period of more than three decades, 1973 to 1999 and beyond. The respective demand elasticities for each merit good are analysed and evaluated. The findings indicate that, contrary to the conventional theory of demand, beneficiaries tend to demand more of such goods when their prices are increased, and less when they are decreased. The rationale for this behaviour is that people, in general, and taxpayers, in particular, being quality conscious, increase their demand when they are asked to pay more, expecting in return an improvement in the quality of services. However, there is evidence that over these three decades users' preferences have shifted, particularly in the case of education, towards private provision, indicating less reliance on public sector provision, and that during the years of structural adjustments the demand for these services was severely suppressed.     

产权保护：公共物品？私有物品？

本产权保护可以区分为公共形态的产权保护与私有形态的产权保护两种,本文通过建立包括异质民众、掠夺者、私有形态产权保护提供者以及国家四个行为主体的模型,分析了产权这一特性所导致的系列福利后果,继而得出一系列有意义的命题:其一,私有形态产权保护对于未受保护群体具有负的外部性;其二,其覆盖范围及提供者效用取决于这种增量保护的价值;其三,存在着国家为了谋求租金收入而策略性地减少公共形态产权保护供给的可能.     

Methods for forecasting the prices of military goods

A procedure for selecting the model of contract price for military goods and a method for predicting contract prices under effective competition are discussed.     

Export Promotion Via Official Export Insurance

Proponents of free trade argue that export promotion distorts competition and undermines the multilateral trade system. In most countries export insurance is provided by the government and, consequently, is driven more by a broad range of policy objectives than purely insurance principles. This paper, however, shows that export promotion does not necessarily imply trade distortions and that most export destinations do not benefit from insurance premium subsidies. A significant policy implication of these findings is that the WTO and the EU are correct not to banish completely official export insurance.     

Fixed Export Costs and Export Behavior

This article provides a direct assessment of how fixed export costs (FECs) and productivity jointly determine firm‐level export behavior. Using Chilean data, we construct indices of FECs for each industry‐region‐year triplet and match them to domestic firms. Our empirical results show that firms facing higher estimated FECs are less likely to export, while those with higher productivity export more. These outcomes are the foundation of the widely‐used sorting mechanism in trade models with firm heterogeneity. We also find that the substitution between FECs and productivity in determining export decisions is weaker for firms with higher productivity. Finally, among firms that export, both larger FECs and greater within‐triplet productivity dispersion are associated with a greater export volume of the average exporter.     

出口信用保险守护出口企业

随着国际市场竞争的加剧，要求买家提供100％货品资金担保的信用证结算方式已日益受到海外买家的抵制。为扩大出口，中国出口企业往往采用放账（O／A）、付款交单（D／P）、承兑交单（D／A）等方式与海外买家进行交易，由此大大增加了收汇风险。     

鞋类出口：踏破铁鞋有觅处

经过20多年的积累，广东制鞋业取得了长足进步，已成为全球性的鞋类商贸中心与制鞋材料供应中心．产业配套完善，原料采购成本较低，企业具有较强的研发生产和市场拓展能力。广东制鞋业在业界具有十分重要的地位．目前，有上万家鞋类生产企业，从业人员达200万人以上。鞋类已经成为广东重要的产业和出口的大宗商品之一，出口值连年快速增长．据海关统计．2001年广东鞋类出口43.4亿美元．至2007年已猛增至92亿美元．6年期间翻了一番多．     

鞋类出口：踏破铁鞋有觅处

经过20多年的积累,广东制鞋业取得了长足进步,已成为全球性的鞋类商贸中心与制鞋材料供应中心,产业配套完善,原料采购成本较低,企业具有较强的研发生产和市场拓展能力。广东制鞋业在业界具有十分重要的地位,目前,有上万家鞋类生产企业,从业人员达200万人以上。鞋类已经成为广东重要的产业和出口的大宗     

中国零售连锁业分析报告

本文在界定倾销和反倾销的准确涵义的基础上 ,结合我国贸易的实际 ,就如何应对反倾销提出了若干建议。     

Bilateral tariff rates in international trade: finished goods versus intermediate goods

In this paper, we examined back-and-forth international transactions through tariff reduction by estimating modified gravity equations for finished goods and intermediate goods separately. Our main findings are as follows. Exports of finished machinery products are negatively associated with not only the importer’s tariff rates on finished machinery products but also the exporter’s tariff rates on machinery parts. Similarly, exports of machinery parts are negatively associated with not only the importer’s tariff rates on machinery parts but also the exporter’s tariff rates on finished machinery products. These results imply that tariff reduction in only one production process in an industry has the potential to drastically change the magnitude of trade in the whole industry.     

Joint-Product Export Smuggling and Export Tax Policy

The effect of smuggling on tax revenue collection and the revenue-maximizing tax rate is an unresolved issue in the smuggling literature. Clandestine and joint-product smuggling models arrive at different conclusions concerning smuggling's effect on tax revenue collection and the revenue-maximizing tax rate. Clandestine (joint-product) smuggling is consistent with the assumption that legal and illegal trade are substitutable (complementary) activities for the exporting firm. The effect of smuggling on the tax rate and tax revenue is shown to be dependent on whether smuggling and legal trade are assumed to be complementary or substitutable activities.