地下输水管道基础要求及处理方法

本文就地下输水管道的基础要求,对公主岭布不同地质情况的地基土壤特性进行分析论述,并提出相应的处理方法和处理意见。     

A critical evaluation of combined engineered and aquifer treatment systems in water recycling.

Australian experience at five research sites where stormwater and reclaimed water have been stored in aquifers prior to reuse, have yielded valuable information about water treatment processes in anaerobic and aerobic aquifers. One of these sites is the stormwater to potable water ASTR project at the City of Salisbury, a demonstration project within the broader EC project 'RECLAIM WATER'. A framework for characterising the effectiveness of such treatment for selected organic chemicals, natural organic matter, and pathogens is being developed for inclusion in new Australian Guidelines for Management of Aquifer Recharge. The combination of pre-treatments (including passive systems such as reed beds) and aquifer treatment effectiveness in relation to source waters and intended uses of recovered water will be described. Advantages and disadvantages of various types of pre-treatments in relation to effectiveness and sustainability of managed aquifer recharge will be discussed taking account of aquifer characteristics. These observations will be consolidated into a draft set of principles to assist in selection of engineered treatments compatible with passive treatment in aquifers.     

组合预测法在城市生活需水量预测中的应用

科学客观地预测城市生活需水量,合理规划水资源的配置,是城市发展的需要. 本文运用GM(1,1)模型和一元线性回归模型相结合的组合模型对城市生活需水量进行预测,结果表明,组合预测综合考虑了各种因素的影响,能够提高需水量的预测精度,为水资源合理规划提供了科学决策依据.     

深水时域格林函数的实用数值计算

如何精确而又快速地计算时域格林函数及其导数是求解船舶水动力问题的关键。论文基于Bessel函数的性质推导了深水格林函数及其导数所满足的常微分方程,提出了结合求解常微分方程的节点制表、节点间插值的快速计算格林函数的方法。数值计算表明该计算方法克服前人节点制表节点间插值计算方法的缺点,提高了格林函数的计算效率和数值精度。     

求解浅水流动的分步有限元方法

本文将分步有限元的计算方法引入到浅水方程组的求解中。该方法起源于Taylor-Ga!erkin(T-G)方法，但数值稳定性优于T-G法并具有三阶精度。由于计算中没有引入高阶的空间导数项，实现起来比Taylor-Galerkin方法简单，适用于非线性和多维问题的求解。计算模型中包含了零方程和双方程的紊流模型，可以根据需要选择。文中详细介绍了初始和边界条件的取法，并通过五个算例验证了计算模型的可靠性。     

Experimental investigation on water treatment by the combined nano MgO-nanofiltration technique

A combined system using nano MgO and nanofiltration (NF) membrane was established to purify polluted water in this experiment. The turbidity, permanganate index, UVA254, colony counts and the concentrations of NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, Fe, Mn and Mg of the effluents from each unit of this combined system were measured to investigate the pollutant removal of this system. Based on the results obtained, the combined nano MgO-NF system could efficiently remove many kinds of pollutants in this experiment, including organic matter, nitrogen species, heavy metals, suspended solids and bacteria. And the effluents could meet the standard of drinking water. Furthermore, increasing the nano MgO dosage could not elevate the removal ratio of the pollutants, but only increase the Mg content of the effluent. Thus, 0.05 g L(-1) of nano MgO may be a suitable dosage for 2,000 L of polluted water treatment. Also, the operating pressure of NF membrane had no significant effect on pollutant removal when the operating pressure of NF membrane was increased from 0.3 to 0.9 MPa.     

A novel 3-D model for the water cresting in horizontal wells

In the presence of bottom water, a drop in the reservoir pressure due to fluid production causes the aquifer water to expand and to flow into the reservoir. Therefore, hydrocarbon production from a well is limited by the critical flow rate. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the breakthrough time and the critical rate by using a novel 3-D horizontal well model. Based on the hypothesis that the horizontal well is located in any position of a circular reservoir with no-flow boundary on the top of the reservoir and constant pressure boundary at the bottom, the horizontal well has been regarded as an infinite conductivity line sink and then a 3-D steady-state flow model of the horizontal well is set up. A point sink pressure solution can be obtained with the Fourier transform. The result of the pressure distribution of the uniform flux horizontal well can be presented by means of the principle of superposition. According to the stable water cresting theory, this study confirms the stable height of water cresting and the critical rate. Meanwhile, it can re-confirm the breakthrough time at a specific rate. The output of a comparison between this 3-D model and the reservoir numerical simulator （Eclipse） shows the method presented here can be applied to investigate the behavior of a water cresting and to predict the breakthrough time at the bottom water driver reservoir.     

高锰酸钾氧化及其联用技术在饮用水处理中的应用

高锰酸钾氧化技术可有效去除水中微量有机污染物、降低色/嗅和抑制藻类繁殖等,且该技术选择性良好,氧化过程不会产生卤代副产物.但高锰酸钾氧化能力温和,对部分难降解有机物处理效果不佳,投量过高时易造成出水色度和锰超标.故学者们将高锰酸钾氧化与配体、紫外、亚硫酸(氢)盐、超声等联用,通过诱导产生中间态锰或自由基提高其氧化效能,...     

A novel integrated assessment methodology of urban water reuse

Wastewater is no longer considered a waste product and water reuse needs to play a stronger part in securing urban water supply. Although treatment technologies for water reclamation have significantly improved the question that deserves further analysis is, how selection of a particular wastewater treatment technology relates to performance and sustainability? The proposed assessment model integrates; (i) technology, characterised by selected quantity and quality performance parameters; (ii) productivity, efficiency and reliability criteria; (iii) quantitative performance indicators; (iv) development of evaluation model. The challenges related to hierarchy and selections of performance indicators have been resolved through the case study analysis. The goal of this study is to validate a new assessment methodology in relation to performance of the microfiltration (MF) technology, a key element of the treatment process. Specific performance data and measurements were obtained at specific Control and Data Acquisition Points (CP) to satisfy the input-output inventory in relation to water resources, products, material flows, energy requirements, chemicals use, etc. Performance assessment process contains analysis and necessary linking across important parametric functions leading to reliable outcomes and results.     

一种快速测定地表水中TP质量浓度的方法

在TP质量浓度测定过程中发现2种主要测定分析方法各有优缺点,研究采用一种兼顾两者优点的改良方法,并和连续流动分析法进行对比,做到了过程简化和测定迅速.实验证明,改进后的方法在应急监测中有推广应用的基础.     

Energy requirements for waste water treatment

The actual mathematical models describing global climate closely link the detected increase in global temperature to anthropogenic activity. The only energy source we can rely on in a long perspective is solar irradiation which is in the order of 10,000 kW/inhabitant. The actual primary power consumption (mainly based on fossil resources) in the developed countries is in the range of 5 to 10 kW/inhabitant. The total power contained in our nutrition is in the range of 0.11 kW/inhabitant. The organic pollution of domestic waste water corresponds to approximately 0.018 kW/inhabitant. The nutrients contained in the waste water can also be converted into energy equivalents replacing market fertiliser production. This energy equivalent is in the range of 0.009 kW/inhabitant. Hence waste water will never be a relevant source of energy as long as our primary energy consumption is in the range of several kW/inhabitant. The annual mean primary power demand of conventional municipal waste water treatment with nutrient removal is in the range of 0.003-0.015 kW/inhabitant. In principle it is already possible to reduce this value for external energy supply to zero. Such plants should be connected to an electrical grid in order to keep investment costs low. Peak energy demand will be supported from the grid and surplus electric energy from the plant can be is fed to the grid. Zero 'carbon footprint' will not be affected by this solution. Energy minimisation must never negatively affect treatment efficiency because water quality conservation is more important for sustainable development than the possible reduction in energy demand. This argument is strongly supported by economical considerations as the fixed costs for waste water infrastructure are dominant.     

DEM与遥感相结合的水库水位面积曲线测定方法研究

利用DEM与遥感技术相结合建立水库水位面积曲线测定的技术方法,通过水丰水库水位面积曲线测定的实例,从TM/ETM、CERBS等遥感影像上提取水丰水库部分水位下的水域面积,同时由DEM建立基于等高线插值的水库水位面积关系曲线,由该水位面积曲线建立DEM插值的水位面积与遥感解译的实际水位面积之间的相关关系计算方程,并由该方程计算得到完整的实际水库水位与水面面积关系曲线。DEM与遥感相结合的水库水位面积曲线测定方法快速、准确、省时、省力,体现了DEM与遥感相结合技术在水库水资源测算中的技术优势,为区域水资源的监测评价与可持续利用拓展了更新的技术空间。     

抛物线形断面渠道收缩水深的直接计算方法

通过对抛物线形断面收缩水深的基本方程进行恒等变形,得到了快速收敛的迭代公式,再与合理的迭代初值配合使用,得到抛物线形断面收缩水深的直接计算公式.误差分析及实例计算表明,在工程常用范围内,收缩水深的最大相对误差仅为0.12%,直接计算公式形式简捷、精度高、适用范围广.     

梯形明渠临界水深计算公式的改进

以简单的迭代法为基础，通过对临界水深方程进行数学变换，提出了计算梯形明渠临界水深的新方法．该方法不依赖图表，简单易行，精度很高，可供工程实际参考应用．     

水轮机导叶气蚀及处理方法

芹山电站#2水轮发电机组在投产运行1年后,机组在制动停机完成且风闸复归后,又出现了微小转动的现象。在这种情况下,有可能造成低转速下推力轴承烧瓦的事故。在检修时,发现机组活动导叶立面止漏面气蚀磨损严重,造成停机困难。对问题进行了分析后,对导叶立面止漏面气蚀磨损区进行了堆焊不锈钢及打磨处理。运行检测结果证明,处理效果较好,确保了机组的安全稳定运行。     

缺水地区未来水资源量预测方法研究

本文以辽西北地区为典型区域,提出了以产水系数代替降水-产水量关系线进行基于水文统计理论的一致性检验方法,进而对辽西北地区未来30年水资源总量进行了趋势分析与预测,旨在探求半干旱地区环境变化情况下的水资源量演变规律和预测方法,从而对今后水资源评价和规划提供技术支撑.     

输水隧洞施工方法选择

隧洞施工的主要施工方法是传统的钻爆法和现代的掘进机法,各个方法均有其不同的适用条件。在长大深埋隧洞施工中,由于洞线长,涉及的围岩种类繁多,岩石强度及破碎程度不同,且埋深不一,采用单一的施工方法可能很难满足施工的需要。文中通过辽宁省大伙房水库输水工程建设实例,分别论述了复杂地质段和单一地质条件施工方法的选择,供今后类似工程参考。     

浅析微生物净水新技术在流动水体修复中的应用

随着经济社会的快速发展,大量污染物无序排放,造成湖泊及河流等水体富营养化越来越严重。为保护水环境,加快治理步伐,针对传统水体修复技术治理周期长、投资大、管理难等不足,微生物净水技术在总结静态水体修复经验的基础上,应用于流动水体恢复水体的生物链,保持生态平衡。通过实验应用证明该技术可以根据不同治理区域实现菌种选育的本土化,施工效率高、见效快、周期短、成本低、使用简单、安全性高等特点．有广泛的推广应用前景。     

排水固结法在地基处理中应注意的几个施工因素

根据采用排水固结法进行地基处理的填海工程监测资料,并结合实际施工过程,从前期施工质量、填土速率的控制和后期抽水力度等施工因素对沉降发展过程的影响作了对比分析,施工因素能对沉降发展过程产生重大影响.     

热电厂循环冷却水系统水处理技术探讨

热电厂生产过程中冷却水消耗量很大,合理地对冷却水进行净化和回用意义重大.常规循环冷却水系统水处理技术有各自的使用范围和优点,但并不能较好地满足循环冷却水水质要求,且排污量较大、不能连续运行."旁流连续过滤-纳滤脱盐"技术,可连续排污排盐,并可自动调整排污量和排盐量,理论上可以克服常规循环冷却水系统水处理技术的缺陷.