浅谈内外贸一体化过程中的对外贸易政策调整问题

现阶段,在发展社会主义市场经济的过程中,必须进一步加快内外贸一体化的进程,内外贸一体化的最终目的是要充分发挥流通的指导作用,并最大程度地挖掘流通的内在功能,使国内经济发展与对外贸易相协调,使国内外市场在管理和经营上相统一。根据后危机时代的具体情况,本文阐述了内外贸一体化过程中对外贸易政策调整的具体措施。     

市场国际化条件下优化中国流通产业组织的基本战略

本文运用产业组织理论,通过对市场国际化条件下中国流通产业组织存在着的不适应性的分析,提出了当前优化中国流通产业组织的基本战略：以现有国有外贸企业为核心,培养一批经济实力雄厚,具有国际水平,内外贸一体化的大型流通企业集团作为国际竞争的主力;适当提高进入壁垒和市场集中度,降低国内企业间的竞争度,减少内部摩擦和交易费用,以协同竞争力,增强与国际寡头垄断企业的竞争能力。     

关于大庆市商贸流通业加快发展的对策研究

近年来,在商品市场的开放程度不断提高、商贸企业现代化步伐明显加快、市场体系建设和新兴流通业态得到较快发展的同时,市场功能单一,辐射能力较弱,市场主体规模偏小,组织化程度低的问题也愈加突显。应加快商业设施现代化、运营规模化、经营连锁化、服务功能多样化的发展步伐,进一步扩大对外开放,实现内外贸一体化发展,深化流通企业改革,全面提高中小型流通企业现代化水平。     

数据要素赋能内外贸一体化：内在机理与实践进路

内外贸一体化是数字时代下流通领域实践探索的前沿方向。数据要素作为动力引擎,为内外贸一体化提供全新的赋能路径。数据要素赋能内外贸一体化的内在机理分别是通过优化要素流动,促进内外贸市场资源共享;通过加快联动管理,深化内外贸流通体制改革;通过提高流通算力,推进内外贸流通渠道衔接;通过升级生产技术,加强内外贸企业供给创新。赋能进程也存在一些现实困境,如国际贸易保护主义抬头与国内需求疲软、内外贸税收政策与结算模式仍存在差异、内外贸标准规则认证与监管体系有差别、内外贸业务模式与市场开拓渠道不同等。相应地,数据要素赋能内外贸一体化的实践进路体现为新业态新模式激活国内需求市场、提升对外开放水平和供应链韧性、制定统一的内外贸财政金融政策、推进内外贸行政联动管理数字化和促进内外贸企业内部建设智能化。     

高质量视域下推进我国内外贸一体化发展研究

内外贸一体化高质量发展主要包括管理体制、企业经营、营商环境的高质量一体化以及开放平台的高水平打造。目前，我国内外贸一体化向高质量发展方向不断迈进，已经取得了较为突出的成效，包括内外贸的管理体制逐渐健全、企业一体化经营初见成效、营商环境不断改善以及开放平台建设取得丰硕成果等，但距离实现高质量发展目标仍存在一定差距，具体表现为内外贸政府管理制度仍需优化、标准认证不够衔接、法律环境不够协调、仍然存在市场分割等问题。基于此，我国应在进一步完善政府统筹管理、加强国内外标准认证衔接、提升企业一体化经营水平、加快提升法治化管理水平、高水平打造对外开放平台、营造公平竞争的市场环境等六个方面入手，提升内外贸一体化高质量发展，助力实现我国由贸易大国向贸易强国转变。     

内外贸一体化视角下深圳流通法制建设研究

我国内贸与外贸法律法规的不完善与滞后给内外贸一体化的实现带来了明显的障碍,深圳应加快流通法规法制建设,完善贸易规则,改善市场环境,防止垄断,保护公平、合理竞争,以促进现代流通业快速健康的发展。同时也应完善流通规划布局,加强监管力度,完善流通业竞争秩序,制定地方性电子商务法律法规,完善外贸法律法规体系,加快形成适应内外贸一体化流通体系建设要求的地方流通法规体系,为内外贸一体化的实现创造良好的法律政策环境。     

2004中国商业将呈十大热点

中国商业联合会专家工作委员会的最新预测显示,2004年我国商业将呈现十大热点:1.外商将加快进入中国流通业的步伐,并参与对本土商业企业的并购;2.国有流通企业产权制度改革将寻求新突破,取得新进展;3.商业企业信用问题将受到更广泛的重视;4.内外贸流通一体化将进一步向纵深发展     

也谈流通业竞争力提升问题

流通业作为国民经济的重要组成部分,要与国外流通巨鳄同台竞争,面临的形势相当严峻。因此,必须强化流通主导化、产权明晰化、企业规模化、组织扁平化、渠道网络化、物流综合化、行为规范化、内外贸一体化等等措施,进而全面推进流通现代化,提升流通业竞争力。     

浅析目前中国内外贸一体化问题

内外贸一体化问题是在中国市场经济体制发展过程中出现的,它本身并没有一个严谨的经济学概念用来表述,它的提出是相对于旧的内外贸分割体制的改革,内外贸一体化具有明显的经济效应,但是在目前的中国内外贸一体化的实现还存在着多方面的问题,本人认为,目前影响中国内外贸一体化最重要的因素是国内市场分割严重。我们应该采取多种措施来加快中国内外贸一体化的形成。     

内外贸一体化的内涵及发展思路探讨

长期以来的内外贸分割已成为影响我国经济发展的重要问题,国内外经济形势变化客观上要求内外贸必须实现一体化。本文着重分析内外贸一体化的内涵,以及从协调各种关系、完善流通体系、打造品牌优势三方面对内外贸一体化的实现路径提供建议。     

Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Foreign Presence and Import Competition in Irish Services Sectors?

This paper examines whether domestic firms benefit from the pro‐competitive effects of imports from abroad and from the presence of foreign‐owned firms in the host country in three Irish market‐services sectors between 2001 and 2007. Grouping the three sectors together masks opposing effects in individual sectors. Where significant, the effect of foreign presence on domestic firms tends to be negative, this is mainly the case in wholesale and retail trade. Despite it being of lesser importance than foreign presence in these sectors, import competition from abroad is negatively associated with domestic firms' productivity in wholesale and retail trade, but positively in transport, storage and communication. There is no significant effect of foreign presence or import competition in real estate, rental and business activities. Using capital‐labour ratios as an input‐based indicator related to productivity suggests that domestic firms adapt to increased foreign competition by adjusting their inputs.     

The impact of FDI on the performance and entrepreneurship of domestic firms

This paper examines how foreign direct investments influence the performance and entrepreneurship of domestic firms, a crucial question for economies driven by incursion of exogenous factors and especially transition economies. The intent is to investigate the way foreign direct investments shape the capabilities of domestic firms; hence, for this purpose, we take Macedonia, a Southeast European economy, as a case study. We find that (i) foreign ownership has helped restructure and enhance the productivity of domestic firms, (ii) FDI has positive influence in reinforcing the creation of new firms, and (iii) in line with the established literature, a foreign investment is likely to influence the job seeker to get employed rather to start their own business. Overall, the results confirm the influence of foreign firms in assisting entrepreneurial activity. The impact of foreign investment is, in general, positive and tends to influence the restructuring process of domestic enterprises.     

新时期内外贸一体化发展策略研究

内贸和外贸都是一国经济发展的重要动力,二者具有相互支撑、相互促进的作用。长期以来,中国一直实行内贸和外贸两条线管理模式,已经无法满足市场经济和贸易发展的客观要求。在当前全球经济下行贸易摩擦加剧、内外贸都面临着转型、出口消费投资在拉动经济增长中需要进一步协调配合的情况下,必须通过着力打造更加自由便利的国内营商环境、加快构建全国统一大市场大流通体系、大力发展跨境电子商务、扩大服务贸易规模提升发展水平等举措,切实推动中国内外贸一体化发展,为经济增长注入新活力。     

Endogenous market structure and the growth and welfare effects of economic integration

This paper studies the growth and welfare effects of integration in a world economy populated by global oligopolists. In economies that move from autarky to trade, growth and welfare rise because exit of domestic firms is more than compensated by entry of foreign firms so that integration generates a larger, more competitive market where firms have access to a larger body of technological spillovers that support faster growth. The effects of a gradual reduction of tariffs are different because economies start out from a situation where all firms already serve all markets. In this case, the global number of firms falls so that the variety of consumption goods and the diversity of innovation paths fall. The surviving firms, on the other hand, are larger and exploit static and dynamic economies of scale to a larger degree. These homogenization and rationalization effects work in opposite directions. Under plausible conditions, the rationalization effect dominates and growth and welfare rise.     

Financial development,the choice of technology,and comparative advantage

In this general equilibrium model, banks and manufacturing firms engage in oligopolistic competition. A more advanced manufacturing technology has a higher fixed cost but a lower marginal cost of production. We show that manufacturing firms located in a country with a more efficient financial sector choose more advanced technologies and this country has a comparative advantage in the production of manufactured goods. Even though the foreign country has a less developed financial sector than the home country, the opening up of trade with the foreign country leads domestic manufacturing firms to adopt more advanced technologies. An increase in the level of efficiency in the financial sector of one country causes manufacturing firms in both countries to adopt more advanced technologies.     

An analysis of U.S. small and medium‐sized manufacturers' international business relationships

Notwithstanding the dominant role of the United States in world trade, little is known about the relationships between smaller indigenous manufacturers and their foreign customers and how these differ from domestic market relationships. Using data from a recent study among 201 U.S. small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), the article reveals that (a) these firms tend to put much more emphasis on the domestic side of their business, while the foreign market receives secondary treatment; (b) the atmosphere governing their relational exchanges differs in the two types of markets, being relatively healthier in domestic business; and (c) their domestic business performance levels, although moderate, are significantly higher than those found in foreign markets. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A review and evaluation of market orientation research in an emerging African economy

ABSTRACT

The paper synthesizes the level of strategic market orientation of firms operating in the emerging economy of Ghana over the last two decades. It dwells on market orientation studies in general, and the banking industry and exporting firms in particular. Market orientation has a positive relationship with performance for both foreign and domestic firms across the many studies. Foreign firms in general appear more market oriented due to experience effect and relationship with parent organizations. As competition heats up in the banking industry, organizations need to be more innovative to sustain their performance or to survive. For exporting firms, there is the need for decreased formalization and increased decentralization so as to enhance the levels of market orientation. The paper develops propositions to guide organizations in applying marketing principles in the running of their business activities. Further, the paper provides an update on the literature with suggestions for future research in the theory and practice of strategic market orientation in the context of the study.     

外贸企业经营风险及其防范

文章首先就我国外贸企业在经营过程中面临的主要经营风险作了介绍。指出风险预测是有效防范风险的必要前提 ,并列举了常用的风险预测方法。最后 ,针对外贸企业在经营过程中所遇的不同风险 ,提出了具体的防范措施和对策。     

Do safeguard tariffs and antidumping duties open or close technology gaps?

This paper examines how the country-breadth of tariff protection can affect the technology adoption decisions of both domestic import-competing and foreign exporting firms. The contribution of the analysis is to show how firm-level technology adoption changes under tariffs of different country-breadth. I show that a country-specific tariff like an antidumping duty induces both domestic import-competing firms and foreign exporting firms to adopt a new technology earlier than they would under free trade. In contrast, a broadly-applied tariff like a safeguard can accelerate technology adoption by a domestic import-competing firm, but will slow-down technology adoption by foreign exporting firms. Because safeguard tariffs can delay the foreign firm's adoption of new technology, the worldwide welfare costs associated with using them may be larger than is generally believed.     

Wages and foreign ownership A comparative study of Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States

This paper explores the relationship between wages and foreign investment in Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States. Despite very different economic conditions and levels of development, we find one fact that is robust across all three countries: higher levels of foreign investment are associated with higher wages. However, in Mexico and Venezuela, foreign investment is associated with higher wages only for foreign-owned firms — there is no evidence of wage spillovers leading to higher wages for domestic firms. The lack of spillovers in Mexico and Venezuela is consistent with significant wage differentials between foreign and domestic enterprises. In the United States, where the evidence suggests some wage spillovers from foreign to domestic enterprises, wage differentials are smaller.