Calibrating a Diffusion Pricing Model with Uncertain Volatility: Regularization and Stability

A regularized (smoothed) version of the model calibration method of 1 ) is studied. We prove that the regularized formulation is solvable and that the solution depends continuously on the input data (observed derivative security prices). Associated issues of model credibility, stability, and robustness (insensitivity to model assumptions) are discussed. The Implicit Function Theorem for Banach spaces is used for the stability proof, and some numerical illustrations are included.     

The Market Model of Interest Rate Dynamics

A class of term structure models with volatility of lognormal type is analyzed in the general HJM framework. The corresponding market forward rates do not explode, and are positive and mean reverting. Pricing of caps and floors is consistent with the Black formulas used in the market. Swaptions are priced with closed formulas that reduce (with an extra assumption) to exactly the Black swaption formulas when yield and volatility are flat. A two–factor version of the model is calibrated to the U.K. market price of caps and swaptions and to the historically estimated correlation between the forward rates.     

Option Pricing in Stochastic Volatility Models of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type

Stochastic volatility models of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type possess authentic capability of capturing some stylized features of financial time series. In this work we investigate this class of models from the viewpoint of derivative asset analysis. We discuss topics related to the incompleteness of this type of markets. In particular, for structure preserving martingale measures, we derive the price of simple European-style contracts in closed form. Furthermore, the range of viable prices is determined and an empirical application is presented.     

European‐Type Contingent Claims in an Incomplete Market with Constrained Wealth and Portfolio

This paper considers the problem of hedgeability and replicability of European‐type contingent claims in an incomplete market with the wealth and the portfolio possibly being constrained. For the case of no constraint, using the idea of a Four Step Scheme (Ma, Protter, and Yong 1994), we prove the replicability of a class of contingent claims (including European call and put options) without assuming ad hoc technical conditions. For the case with the wealth and portfolio being constrained, several positive and negative results concerning hedgeability and replicability are presented.     

货币流动性和市场流动性:波动与风险

目前,货币流动性和市场流动性的关系成为股票市场参与者关注的焦点。本文分析了货币流动性与市场流动性的联系,实证研究了货币流动性和市场流动性的波动关系,以及货币流动性对市场流动性风险的影响,发现货币流动性M2、M1和市场非流动性动态负相关,M0与市场非流动性动态不相关;货币流动性M2和M1的正向冲击能一定程度降低市场流动性波动风险,而M0会增加市场流动性波动风险,市场流动性风险自身是影响市场后期流动性风险的最大因素。     

基于空屋链模型的住房市场过滤过程实证分析

供求结构失衡与中低收入者住房难是中国城市住房市场存在的突出矛盾,住房市场过滤机制具有缓解供求结构矛盾的作用。通过构建城市住房市场的空屋链模型,利用杭州市270户家庭调查数据,对城市住房过滤现象与过程进行实证分析。结果表明:杭州住房市场存在过滤现象但不明显,住房等级与住房过滤效果具有正向的变动关系,高等级住房能为市场提供更多的住房机会。空屋转移多发生在同级内部,各等级间的空屋转移不显著。     

股指期货与股票市场波动性关系的实证研究

以日本的N225指数期货、韩国KOSPI200指数期货和我国台湾地区证交所加权指数(TWSE)期货作为样本,通过GARCH模型的序列建模,从样本总体和分阶段子样本分别对其股指期货推出与股票市场波动性的关系进行实证检验。结果表明,台湾地区的股票市场引入股指期货后现货市场的波动性并未受到影响,而日本和韩国股票市场在引入股指期货之后其波动性加剧,但这种波动性的加剧仅仅是短期性的,长期内并无影响。     

Investor Sentiment and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence from India

In this article, the authors probe the role of irrational investor sentiment in the determination of Indian stock market volatility. The authors developed a new irrational aggregate sentiment index (IASI) to examine the issue. The conditional volatility is extracted from the nonlinear univariate models for the market indices and the IASI. The vector autoregression (VAR) is carried out to analyze the relationship between the volatility of irrational aggregate sentiment index and stock market volatility. The authors find a unidirectional causality from sentiment to stock market volatility, and their findings highlight the significance of sentiment in explaining the stock market volatility in India.     

股市有免费午餐吗——一个基于随机过程的理论分析

关于股市是否存在免费午餐,理论存在着截然不同的观点。一些经济学家依据有效市场假说,认为天下没有免费的午餐。然而,近年来人们逐渐认识到,在有关金融市场的理论模型中,某些形式巧妙的免费午餐是可以得到的。这一结果与基本的经济学原理相冲突,一些经济学家对解释这一有趣的问题做出了努力。本文从股票回报率随机波动的假设出发,利用伊滕定理,在关于投资组合回报率大于政府债券回报率的概率计算基础上,推导出股市存在免费午餐的条件,并对每一因素进行了分析和概率计算。在此基础上,对投资者提出了理性投资建议。     

A Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Model Applied to a Panel of S&P500 Stocks in Different Industries

We estimate a multivariate stochastic volatility model for a panel of stock returns for a number of S&P 500 firms from different industries. To directly compare our results with those from the univariate estimation literature on the same data, we use an efficient importance sampling (EIS) method to estimate the likelihood function of the given multivariate system that we analyze. As opposed to univariate methods where each return is estimated separately for each firm, our results are based on joint estimation that can account for potential common error term interactions based on industry characteristics that cannot be detected by univariate methods. Our results reveal that there are important differences in the industry effects, something that suggests that differential gains to portfolio allocations in the different industries that we examine. There are differences because of idiosyncratic factors and the common industry factors that suggest that each industry requires a separate treatment in arriving at portfolio allocations.     

基于博弈论分析合同在降低市场力方面的作用

统一的出清电价机制对发电商持留发电容量具有激励作用 ,从而增加了发电商滥用市场力的可能。市场力的存在不利于电力市场的持续健康发展 ,而博弈论的分析是一个可以有效提供策略的方法。简述了博弈论的基本概念及发展历史 ,并采用博弈理论分析了合同在有效降低市场力方面的作用     

对中外审计市场环境的差异分析与应对思考

审计市场环境是决定审计运作质量和效率的重要因素 ,也是制约审计市场机制能否有效运行的关键 ,它深刻地影响着审计职能和目标的实现。任何时期的审计实践都不可能超越审计市场环境的影响和制约 ,审计市场环境的变化 ,必将导致审计实践做出相应的调整     

空间面板随机前沿模型及技术效率估计

随机前沿模型是测算技术效率的重要方法之一.通常,模型假设生产单元之间彼此独立,然而在技术扩散过程中,空间外部性起着重要作用.文章结合随机前沿模型理论与空间经济计量分析方法,构建空间面板随机前沿模型,同时考虑空间滞后因变量和空间误差自相关,并逐步放松模型设定条件,首先考虑技术效率时变,接着引入技术无效率项的异方差性,之后考虑观察数据中潜在的截面异质性,分别以引入随机截面特有项和设定随机系数的形式来表示截面异质性.针对各种模型设定提出相应的参数估计方法,最后给出技术效率的估计.     

The Tunisia Wheat Market in the Context of World Price Volatility: A Stochastic Partial Equilibrium Approach

Food security is a key objective of agricultural and food policy in Tunisia. The 2007–2008 food crisis highlighted the negative impacts of price volatility on international markets both in terms of food insecurity and budget exposure. Tunisian food subsidy expenditures ranged from $180 million to $710 million in 2006–2010, so volatile world prices meant volatile subsidy costs. Moreover, cereal production in Tunisia still has much instability due to climate conditions, which also influences imports and, consequently, subsidy expenditures. This study applies a structural model to conduct stochastic analyses of trade and policy impacts on food security and budget expenditures in the Tunisian wheat market. The methodology disaggregates durum wheat and soft wheat markets and generates projections of import prices of durum wheat and soft wheat, using projections of world prices provided by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at University of Missouri (FAPRI-MU). The key innovation is the generated stochastic analyses of subsidy costs based on stochastic world price projections and stochastic domestic wheat yields based on historic yield variances. The analysis highlights the sensitivity of subsidy costs to world prices, volumes imported and domestic production, so that alternative policy tools can be considered.     

Mergers and Acquisitions and Market Volatility of Brazilian Banking Stocks: An Application of GARCH Models

The main objective of this research was to investigate the impacts caused by announcements of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on the volatility of the returns of Brazilian bank stocks from 1994 to 2015. In order to achieve the proposed objective, this study applied Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) class models to the series to model their volatility. Our results confirmed the impact of the announcement of M&As on volatility. They suggest that M&A announcements are expected to cause a negative reaction if related to an expansion or a deal involving a less-well known bank, and a positive reaction if it involves well-known bank with good reputation—a higher level of confidence and a lower level of information asymmetry for investors.     

消费者导向下的移动通信品牌竞争力测评模型构建探析

消费者导向下的品牌竞争力,主要体现在品牌赢得消费者与保持住消费者的能力上,对品牌竞争力的测评也主要是对这两种能力进行测评。以移动通信市场为例,从移动通信品牌的这两种能力入手,以传播、产品、价格、服务四个方面来反映品牌的核心竞争力,同时将消费者对企业的好感度作为附加竞争力,这样我们就可构建起品牌竞争力的外显型市场测量模型和品牌竞争力的要素构建型市场测量模型,利用该模型可以有效地对移动通信运营商的竞争力进行测评和比较。     

基于Lanchester模型的双寡头市场广告竞争研究

通过讨论微分博弈模型——Lanchester模型及其开环解和闭环解,并进行对比,发现闭环策略能比开环策略更好地反映市场动态变化,这意味着闭环策略可能更受营销决策者的欢迎。     

中国股市波动的CARR模型分析

ARCH/GARCH模型在波动性的预测已被学者广泛使用并在实证上得到良好的效果。本文以上海股市为研究对象,分别运用CARR模型和GARCH模型进行波动性预测,进而对两种方法的预测能力进行比较,实证结果表明CARR模型在拟合波动性方面优于GARCH模型。