共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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J.R. Brent Ritchie 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2013,21(4):293-313
Nowhere in Canada has the preservation versus human use dilemma become more apparent than in Banff National Park. There is a need to identify those aspects of the human presence which are appropriate to preservation. Aspects of human presence felt to be of concern are the impacts of the broad range of activities, behaviours and experiences which humans pursue, and the development of the infrastructure to support those activities. The task of identifying 'appropriate activities' is not only technically difficult, but laden with 'value traps'. The technical challenges relate to our lack of understanding of the nature and severity of the many different impacts which human presence causes. The value traps relate to the broad range of views as to appropriate activities within ecologically, historically, and culturally sensitive ar- eas/facilities. Whilst the technical challenges can be overcome by means of information derived from research, conflicts as to activity development appropriateness can only be resolved through extensive negotiation, or at the ballot box. This paper describes how these concerns were investigated as part of a study conducted for the Government of Canada. The methodology and results provide insights that may be of use to others facing a similar challenge. 相似文献
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Ralf Buckley 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2013,21(1):56-73
Many public protected areas worldwide charge fees for entrance, overnight camping, and commercial tour permits. These visitor or user fees raise revenue and may also influence visitor behaviour. Many protected areas are forced to charge fees because government funding is inadequate for conservation and visitor management in the face of rapidly rising visitor numbers and demands. Acceptance and effects of fees, however, depend on the historical, political, legal, economic and social context. Two issues are particularly significant: (a) equity between various social groups; and (b) control and use of funds raised. 相似文献
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公共游憩是国家社会福利的重要内容和实现公民游憩权的主要途径之一.中央政府和城市政府主导的游憩供给模式无法满足日益多样化的游憩需求,游憩公共供给从普遍性供给转向面向弱势群体的供给,形成了由城市政府负责的城市游憩供给、由中央政府负责的国家公园公共游憩供给,由公共部门提供基础性游憩服务、由私人部门提供高端多样化的游憩服务的格局.本文阐述了西方学者对公共游憩供给与社会政策的思辨过程,探索中国公共游憩供给面临的问题,并提出可能的社会议程. 相似文献
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Gunae Choi 《International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration》2013,14(4):281-312
With the traditional research-based view approach to entry mode that examines the firm's strategies from its resource endowment and deployment (i.e., an inside-out view of the firm), which is different from the earlier paradigms (i.e., an outside-in view of the firm), this article investigates intangibles at the firm level and their impact on the choice of foreign-market entry mode to understand how to create value overseas. From the multinomial logistic regression analyses with data collected from the lodging industry between 1995 and 2005, the results of this study suggest that as marketing capital increases, entry mode seems to move from acquisition to joint venture to greenfield to contractual modes. In the case of employee efficiency, as human capital increases entry mode tends to move from joint venture to acquisition to greenfield to contractual modes, whereas in the case of top managers' efficiency, entry mode tends to move from joint venture to acquisition to contractual mode to greenfield, respectively. 相似文献
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公众参与旅游规划的思考——来自香港大澳的调查启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过问卷调查方法研究分析了居民、实际消费者、潜在消费者3个公众群体对于香港大澳生态旅游发展规划成果方案的支持意愿、了解程度以及焦点问题等方面的后期评价,进而探讨了其与大澳生态旅游发展规划公众参与工作实施的因果关系,认为合理的参与时限、专业人员的作用、主体多元化、持续动态参与对于提升公众参与规划的实际效果具有现实的作用。 相似文献
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旅行社集团内部业绩评价体系研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
当前旅行社集团蓬勃发展,如何实现集团的系统效应,对所属各个分社进行科学而有效的业绩评价成为十分重要的管理手段.本文在分析目前研究的基础上,从旅行社行业特征角度,提出旅行社集团内部业绩评价体系应综合考虑集团投资者利益、员工和旅游者利益以及旅行社业务流程特征等因素,并在此基础上详细论述了旅行社集团内部业绩评价指标体系. 相似文献
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我国公共景区政府规制历程及其问题研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着我国旅游景区事业的发展,公共景区经历了规制停滞、加强规制、放松规制3个阶段,目前仍存在所有权虚化、代理关系扭曲等众多问题.为此,本文认为我国公共景区将步入再规制与放松规制并存阶段,并提出了解决这些问题的若干建议. 相似文献
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This study aims to test the influence of constraints on travel of the elderly in Hong Kong and to compare perceived travel constraints of Hong Kong seniors in public and in private housing based on the hierarchical leisure constraints model. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews were conducted from December 2013 to April 2014. A total of 415 participants completed the interview successfully. Despite sharing the similar factor structure of the leisure constraints model, the two groups varied significantly in travel behavior, six constraint items, and seven regression paths. 相似文献
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文章以苏州城区22个游憩点为例,从平均空间距离通达性和平均时间距离通达性分析单一公交车系统条件下和公共交通系统条件下游憩点通达性变化,并结合社会网络分析研究游憩流的空间分布变化,探究城市公共交通系统对游憩点通达性的影响程度及机理,在此基础上,提出优化苏州城区城市游憩空间对策.结果表明:(1)苏州城区各游憩点空间距离通达值决定了游憩点的时间距离通达性,公共交通系统导向下,各游憩点的平均时间距离通达性显著提高,位于轨道交通沿线上游憩点的时间距离通达性提升明显,公共自行车对游憩点通达性提升也起到一定作用.(2)游憩点的资源禀赋决定了游憩点对游憩流的集散能力,但公共交通系统压缩游憩点的时间距离通达值,从而提升游憩点的游憩集散能力.(3)在单一公交车系统条件下,游憩流模式以"点对点"单一目的地游憩模式和营区基地模式为主,游憩空间呈现"双核"格局;而在城市公共交通系统下,游憩空间行为模式呈现多样化,主要表现在线型游模式、旅行链模式、区域游模式和营区基地模式,游憩空间呈现"多核"格局. 相似文献
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旅游产业融合与旅游产业结构演化关系研究——以西安旅游产业为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
旅游产业融合已成为旅游产业结构升级的重要动力来源,而目前在旅游产业结构升级演化方面,却忽略了旅游产业融合的力量。文章以演化的视角,结合旅游产业融合对旅游产业结构升级的动力机制,以技术融合、业务融合、市场融合、研发经费融合和研发人员融合等指标为旅游产业融合创新系统度量指标,以技术结构、需求结构、就业结构、产值结构和规模结构等为旅游产业结构演化度量指标,运用协同动力模型,以西安为例对旅游产业融合与旅游产业结构演化间关系进行了研究。研究结论为:①旅游产业融合创新程度是旅游产业结构演化过程中的序参量;②旅游产业融合创新和旅游产业结构升级之间具有协同效应;③西安旅游产业内部还没有建立起旅游产业融合程度不断提高的正反馈机制;④西安旅游产业融合发展和旅游产业升级之间存在着负反馈机制,当旅游产业结构的有序度不断提高时,旅游产业结构升级就会放慢脚步。 相似文献
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野象的迷思:野象谷人—象冲突的社会建构分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在野生动物旅游活动中,人与动物之间的冲突一直受到关注.而现在占主导地位的科学主义研究范式并不能够有效缓解这种冲突,反而强调了人与动物的二元对立.社会建构论被认为可以超越这种对立,在其视野下,科学知识是围绕社会事实所建构的多种知识中的一种.该文针对西双版纳野象谷出现的管理上的矛盾现象和各种利益相关者眼中出现的矛盾的大象形象,利用社会建构论对其进行了分析.发现游客、员工和周边社区对大象的知识的建构来源于他们日常生活经验而非科学,甚至与科学知识相悖.游客将野象建构为稀少、可爱和吉祥,期待野象出现;员工认识到野象的可怕,不希望野象在景区出现;社区居民虽认识到野象的危险,却不认为其可怕,对野象的出现习以为常.要理解人与象的冲突必须理解不同人建构的关于象的知识,而不能仅仅关注科学对象的知识建构. 相似文献
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大陆赴台自由行游客地方认同与休闲效益关系研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
台湾是许多大陆游客向往的休闲胜地, 大陆游客赴台自由行热度的持续升温, 这既给台湾带来巨大的旅游经济效益, 更可增进海峡两岸的民间交流和人民情谊。文章通过实证研究探讨大陆赴台自由行游客对台湾的地方认同及其在台从事休闲活动所获得的休闲效益等程度表现的差异性, 并检验地方认同与休闲效益间的相关性。研究表明, 大陆赴台自由行游客对台湾的地方认同以环境认同程度最高, 依恋程度最低, 其在台湾从事休闲活动所获得的休闲效益以社会效益最高, 生理效益最低;不同个人背景与游程规划的大陆赴台自由行游客在地方认同与休闲效益程度方面有显著的差异;地方认同与休闲效益间呈显著正相关且彼此间存在典型相关关系。研究成果可作为海峡两岸旅游职能部门及旅游企业完善休闲法规、环境与产品组合的参考。 相似文献
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在世界城市建设的背景中,北京提出了建设国际一流旅游城市的目标,大力发展旅游产业被定位为北京中国特色世界城市建设的重要支柱。文章结合世界城市的内涵,分析了世界城市与旅游业的关系以及北京的差距所在,最后提出推动旅游产业从传统服务业向现代服务业转型升级、大力发展文化创意产业、发展旅游总部经济、努力建设国际会展之都等未来北京旅游建设的重点方向及建议。 相似文献
15.
Jinyang Deng Shi Qiang Gordon J. Walker Yaoqi Zhang 《Journal of Sustainable Tourism》2013,21(6):529-548
This paper examines trampling impacts on vegetation and soil as well as visitors' perception of these impacts in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China. Results indicate that visitor usage is proportionate to trampling impacts, with the two most used trails–Yellowstone Village Trail and Gold Whip Stream Trail–having the highest values in Soil Impact Index (SII) and highest rate of scarred trees. Vegetation and soil near 'Treasure Box for Celestial Books' are the most impacted with the Impact Vegetational Index (IVI) being 87.50% and SII being 2.27, respectively. This spot has the highest level of unacceptability. However, visitors' perceptions of the impacts on their hiking satisfaction are not always consistent with the actual physical deterioration. The unacceptability level for 'Gold Whip Crag' was much higher than 'The General Rock' despite the latter having higher IVI values than the former. It is argued that visitors' perceptions of recreation impacts could be influenced by the interaction of IVI, SII, and the size of the area impacted. Other factors such as visual sensitivity and social elements could also have an effect on visitors' judgements. Finally, this paper proposes management strategies for improving the park's visitor and environmental management. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the overall and per capita energy costs and GHG contributions associated with tour boat operations in Australia, a country with a 35,000 km coastline and world class marine attractions. Using a comprehensive database of Australian tour boat operators, 145 face-to-face interviews or completed postal survey questionnaires and 45 in- situ audits, the overall GHG emissions for this industry sector was estimated conservatively at 70,000 tons CO2-e or 0.1% of the transport sector in Australia, the fastest growing sector in terms of GHG outputs. On average, this translated into an extra 61 kg CO2-e per tourist if their travel itineraries included a trip on a boat with a diesel engine, or 27 kg CO2-e for a trip on a boat with a petrol engine – the equivalent of a single person driving 140 km or 300 km, respectively, in a standard passenger vehicle. Information obtained from Australian tour boat operators, however, indicated a range of technical and operational opportunities for reducing GHG emissions. In the light of Australia’s anticipated growth in domestic and international visitors, the importance of reducing tour boat GHG outputs, is stressed. 相似文献
17.
Mohammad Javad Koohsari Gavin R. Mcormack Takemi Sugiyama 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(2):206-216
The application of space syntax as a method for examining the role of spatial configuration on people's behavior has been widespread in several disciplines, such as urban design and architecture. However, the ideas and procedures of space syntax have rarely been applied in studies within the field of public health or leisure studies. This article briefly introduces the principles of space syntax and describes how space syntax can extend previous knowledge regarding associations between the built environment and physical activity with specific applications to research on parks and public open spaces. 相似文献
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Hotels are one of the tourism businesses most vulnerable to climate change because of their fixed assets. Results are presented of a baseline study that explores the awareness, attitudes, and behaviours of Taiwanese tourist hotels with respect to climate change and its potential impacts as well as their overall environmental practices. Tourist hotels are defined by the Taiwanese government as hotel establishments of over 80 rooms in rural areas and 50 rooms in city areas. Although the 104 tourist hotels represent only 3.7% of the total number of hotels in Taiwan, they account for over half of international guest nights and had a combined revenue of over TWD$43 billion in 2010. Questionnaires were distributed via email to all tourist hotels in Taiwan and 45 valid returns were received, representing an effective response rate of 43.3%. The results of research illustrate the level of understanding of climate change within Taiwanese tourist hotels and identify the specific climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies that tourist hotels have initiated. Access to such baseline data provides a potentially significant contribution to evaluating the response of the Taiwanese accommodation sector to environment change as well as providing a basis for further comparative studies and benchmarking. 相似文献
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游客旅游行为失范时有发生,威胁着旅游资源与环境安全。心理归因影响个体行为逻辑,归因偏差是解释心理归因的经典理论。本文引入归因偏差理论,采用实证方法探究旅游行为失范背后的归因偏差因素,为减少旅游行为失范提供心理学依据。研究发现,归因偏差能够引致旅游者心理认知偏差,后者直接引发和助推旅游行为失范。心理环境和群体心理对引致旅游者的心理认知偏差和行为失范具有显著作用,归因偏差成为旅游者弱化旅游行为失范结果的心理屏障,可激发或促进旅游行为失范的发生或持续。研究认为旅游地可从完善硬件监控、控制游客流量、强化失范行为负面教育、发挥在场监督作用等方式削弱归因偏差效应。 相似文献