A Comparative Study of the Motivations,Activities, Overall Satisfaction,and Post-Trip Behaviors of International Tourists in Macau: Mainland Chinese,Hongkongese, Taiwanese,and Westerners

Cross-cultural differences are a vital issue in international tourism; the success of international tourism marketing strategies depends upon understanding tourists from different cultures and regions. To understand the diverse and lively Macau international tourism market, this study explored the cross-cultural differences in push and pull motivations, participating activities, and overall satisfaction level of traveling to Macau for four international tourist groups: Mainland Chinese, Hongkongese, Taiwanese, and Western. Using exploratory factor analysis, this study identified three push (knowledge and fun, relaxation and escape, and shopping and nightlife) and four pull motivation factors (exciting and relaxing atmosphere, local and cultural resources, gambling and entertainment, and famous destination). The results indicated that significant differences among the four tourist groups were found in the characteristics, motivations, activities, overall satisfaction, and post-trip behaviors. These findings will assist the development of promotional strategies and better communication that acknowledge cultural differences.     

The dimensions of rural tourism experience: impacts on arousal,memory, and satisfaction

ABSTRACT

Rural tourism is driven by the search for unique and memorable experiences in particular settings, but knowledge on visitors’ experiences in rural destinations is still scarce. This paper analyzes the rural tourism experience of Portuguese tourists who answered an online survey (N = 252). The paper aims at validating, in the rural tourism context, a previously proposed tourist experience scale, and analyzing the relationships between the experience, arousal, memory, and satisfaction. Results reveal that the rural tourism experience dimensions of education and esthetics positively predict rural tourists’ arousal, whereas escapism and esthetics determine memorability. Finally, implications for rural tourism marketing are discussed.     

Residents' Participation in Events,Events Image,and Destination Image: A Correspondence Analysis

The Algarve, the most renowned Portuguese destination, is usually associated with its main tourist product, sun and beach. In 2007, the Portuguese government launched a program of events called Allgarve, intending to reposition the destination image. Conceived from the tourists' perspective, the Allgarve program was not initially welcomed by residents. Based on data from 384 questionnaires applied to residents in the region, this study examines the dimensions of the Algarve image and the Allgarve image, and shows how participation in Allgarve events is affecting both. The conclusions from this study reinforce the relevance of residents' participation in events in supporting repositioning strategies of a destination image.     

REVIEW OF TEXTBOOKS

ABSTRACT

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, 2nd Edition. By Mary L. Tanke. Delmar, 2001, Hardcover, 446 pp., ISBN: 0-8273-7321-X. Reviewed by Steve Siegel

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, 1st Edition. By William P. Andrew and Raymond S. Schmidgall. Educational Institute of the American Hotel & Motel Association, 1993, Paperback, 472 pp., ISBN: 0-86612-186-2. Reviewed by Steve Siegel     

Race,gender, and leisure benefits

This study investigated the relationship between race, gender, and 7 leisure benefits that are based on a Benefits Approach to Leisure (BAL) framework. A random sample of 47 blocks from a southern metropolitan census tract composed of racially integrated middle‐class neighborhoods yielded 99 African American and 107 European American households who rated statements representing 7 leisure benefits on a Likert‐type scale. Using 2‐tailed t tests, with an F (folded) statistic to test for equality of the 2 variances, significant differences (p < .05) between middle‐class African Americans and middle‐class European Americans were found on 4 of 7 leisure benefit scales (57%): relaxation, diversion, self‐expression, and social interaction. When gender was considered, African American and European American middle‐class men differed significantly (p < .05) on relaxation and self‐expression scales, whereas middle‐class women differed significantly (p < .05) on social interaction and self‐esteem scales. The 7 leisure benefit areas were ranked according to perceived importance; a strong association (R = .86, p < .05) was shown between the racial groups. Gender showed considerable effect on the ranking of preferred leisure benefits among middle‐class African Americans but was of limited value when comparing middle‐class European American rankings.     

Conference Report: BEST Education Network Think Tank V: Managing Risk and Crisis for Sustainable Tourism: Research and Innovation

Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry. D. Glaesser. Amsterdam: Butterworth Heinemann. 2003. 0-7506-5976-9     

REVIEW OF PERIPHERAL PUBLICATIONS

Abstract

INTERNET MARKETING FOR YOUR TOURISM BUSINESS. Susan Sweeney. Gulf Breeze, FL: Maximum Press, 562 pp., ISBN: 1-885068-47-6, 2000, US$39.95 (Paperback). Reviewed by Rob Law

THE GUIDE FOR GUIDES: A TOUR GUIDE MANUAL. Michael Noam. Jerusalem, Israel: Noam, 1999, 127 pp. Reviewed by Donald E. Hawkins     

Book Review

Qualitative Research in Tourism: Ontologies, Epistemologies and Methodologies. London: Routledge, 2004. 0-415-28086-9     

Book Review

In Search of H.V. Morton. Michael Bartholomew. London: Methuen, 2004. 0-413-77138-5     

Book reviews

Abstract

WORKING AT PLAY: A HISTORY OF VACATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES by Cindy S. Aron. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 1999, ISBN: 0-19-505584-5, 324 pp. $35.00. Reviewed by John D. Keiser.

ECOTOURISM: AN INTRODUCTION by David A. Fennell. London: Rout-ledge, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE UK, LSBN: 0-415-20168-3, 1999, xx + 315 pp. (tables, charts, photographs, references, bibliography, index) $75.00 (cloth), $22.99 (paper). Reviewed by William N. Chernish.     

Book Review

Tourism and Postcolonialism: Contested Discourses, Identities and Representations. C. Michael Hall and Hazel Tucker (eds). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2004. 0-415-33102-1     

Book Review

The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice. G. Richards and J. Wilson (eds). Clevedon: Channel View Publications, 2004. 1-873150-76-8     

Research engagement,impact and sustainable tourism

In this editorial, we reflect on how the Journal of Sustainable Tourism can contribute towards sustainable tourism researchers achieving more impact with their research. We propose some changes that can be tested in, and introduced gradually and collaboratively with, the community of the editorial board and authors. To support impactful mind sets, we will promote research that reflects diverse academic communities. To promote impactful research topics, we will encourage authors to frame their submitted articles against the Sustainable Development Goals, while research that is time sensitive will be fast tracked so it can contribute to current debates. To promote impactful methodologies, we shall favour articles that use mixed methods and action research, and those that conduct longitudinal, experimental, and evaluative research. To promote impactful partnerships, we will favour multidisciplinary approaches and research that has been co-created with stakeholders. To promote impactful communication and dissemination, we will continue to build an online community on social media for sustainable tourism researchers, we will promote articles in social media to raise their visibility, and we will provide free access to those articles that are deemed to have the greatest potential to impact positively on society.     

Book Review

Tourism Research Methods: Integrating Theory with Practice. Brent W. Ritchie, Peter Burns, Catherine Palmer. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. 2005. 0-85199-96-4     

BOOK REVIEWS

Abstract

MANAGING BY VALUES. Blanchard, Ken and Michael O'Connor. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc. (450 Sansome Street, Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94111-22330 USA) ISBN: 1-57675-007-8, 1997, 150 pp. (charts, tables, diagrams) $20 US (cloth). Reviewed by William N. Chernish.

GUNG HO!: TURN ON THE PEOPLE IN ANY ORGANIZATION. Blanchard, Ken and Sheldon Bowles. William Morrow (1350 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019 USA), ISBN: 0-699-15428-X, 1998, xvii + 186pp. (tables and diagrams) $20 US (cloth). Reviewed by William N. Chernish.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Abstract

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Go, Frank M., Mary L. Monachello, and Tom Baum. John Wiley & Sons (Professional, Reference and Trade Group, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012), ISBN: 0-471-11056-6, 1996, xvii + 330 pp. (tables, charts, diagrams, references, appendix, index) $45 (hardcover). Reviewed by William N. Chernish.

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. Dessler, Gary. Prentice-Hall (Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458) Seventh edition. ISBN: 0-13-234352-5, 1997 xx + 715 pp. (tables, charts, graphs, photographs, diagrams references, cases, appendix, index) $55 (hardcover). Reviewed by William N. Chernish.     

An Insight into the Personal and Emotive Context of Wildlife Viewing at the Penguin Place,Otago Peninsula,New Zealand

The personal and emotive context of visitors’ experiences has been neglected in much sustainable tourist attraction management. This paper applies ASEB demi-grid analysis as a consumer-orientated management tool to facilitate an understanding of the beneficial experiences gained by international visitors to a penguin-watching tourism attraction on the Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. Forty in-depth interviews with visitors showed that the main beneficial experiences gained included reported enhanced environmental awareness (cognition) and ‘mood’ benefits (affection). In addition, several consistent themes emerged from the beneficial experiences reported by tourists, including issues related to viewing, proximity, authenticity and wonder. Findings thus included the perceived importance of visitors to be able to view endangered penguins ‘up close’ in their natural habitat to elicit feelings of exploration and privilege, to appreciate the simplicity and naturalness of the setting and to increase their knowledge of the species through interaction with an experienced guide.     

BOOK REVIEW

Abstract

THE PROFITABLE TRADE SHOW. By Michael R. Hough, MRH Associates (P.O. Box 290772, Wethersfield, CT 06129-0772 USA) ISBN 0-9707973-0-3, 2001, 159 pp. (checklists, formulas, glossary, appendix) Reviewed by Curtis Love.