旅游信息科学：一个研究框架

信息和人类的实践活动紧密联系在一起。21世纪是信息社会,信息需求的不断增加和信息技术的快速发展推动了信息科学的全面建设。旅游业是一个综合性极强、信息依存度极高的产业,信息技术已经渗透到旅游活动的各个层面,给现代旅游活动和旅游研究带来了全方位的影响,旅游信息科学的创建和发展已刻不容缓。文章在深入分析信息、信息科学相关概念和理论的基础上,探讨了旅游系统和旅游信息科学之间的关系,提出了旅游信息及旅游信息科学的概念,阐述了旅游信息科学的学科体系（理论、方法论和技术体系）,构建了研究对象、研究领域、研究主题和研究目标的四维旅游信息科学研究框架（ODTG研究框架）,并结合旅游业以及旅游研究的发展趋势,指出了旅游信息科学的未来研究重点。     

旅游可持续发展的视角:旅游生态效率的一个综述

旅游业对环境的影响使得旅游可持续发展受到全世界的关注,并积累了丰富的研究成果,但从旅游生态效率视角探讨旅游可持续发展的文献还不多见.文章通过梳理生态效率概念的提出及其与可持续发展的关系,认为生态效率是对可持续发展的有效测度.在回顾旅游生态效率研究现状的基础上,发现既有研究成果主要集中在两个方面:第一,旅游生态效率的测度与评价;第二,旅游生态效率在目的地管理当中的应用.基于以上研究现状,文章从旅游生态效率的概念、研究领域、研究方法与研究时间段4个角度对既有成果进行了总结,并认为目前旅游生态效率研究的特征与趋势表现为4个方面:(1)旅游业碳排放估算对旅游生态效率的测度至关重要;(2)旅游生态效率测度方法较为单一;(3)旅游生态效率影响因素是目前研究的空白点;(4)数据包络法、随机前沿法等的应用将使旅游生态效率的研究更为深入.     

可持续旅游开发多中心管理模式研究——以湖泊旅游为例

旅游开发必须建立在科学的管理模式下,才能确保资源环境的可持续利用.而作为常见的旅游开发形式,湖泊旅游具有较强的环境敏感性和生态脆弱性.本文以此为着眼点,系统论述了可持续目标下的旅游开发过程中的多中心管理模式,阐明了各行为主体的职能与关联,并就我国当前湖泊旅游开发管理的若干关键问题提出了建议和对策,尤其深入地针对一些流行观点进行了再认识.     

Consumerism in Sustainable Tourism: A Survey of UK Consumers

This article presents the results of a survey of tourism consumers from the Destinations Travel Show in the UK in 2000. Four hundred and eleven tourism consumers were interviewed over four days at the show on the type of information that they used in the selection of their holiday destination. This article posits that the power of the consumer can be a major force for progress towards greater sustainability by the tourism industry, acting as a rationale for change, which is often missing from more traditional planning, management or regulatory techniques. The research shows consumers are already making decisions based on environmental, social and economic quality for day-to-day products and are keen to transfer these habits to the purchase of tourism products. Recommendations are made, highlighting the need for the tourism industry to capitalise on this demand for a wider range of product information and so promote moves towards greater levels of sustainability in the industry.     

中国旅游规划体系新框架的探讨

旅游规划体系是一项复杂、庞大的系统工程,构建一个科学、完善的旅游规划体系对我国资源节约、环境保护意义重大。文章将中国旅游规划体系建构为法规体系、行政体系和运作体系3个子体系,并在现行旅游规划体系的基础上,提出完善中国旅游规划体系的构想。     

可持续旅游发展的价值依据比较

本文追溯了可持续旅游发展观在不同学科中的理论渊源,分析了可持续旅游发展的不同价值诉求,探讨了基于功利价值、正义价值或良心价值等不同价值基础之上的可持续旅游发展.环境与发展经济学、旅游社会学、旅游人类学的部分流派的理论范式和研究方法可以为旅游发展提供现实的、可操作的指导,体现了对功利价值的追求.旅游社会学和旅游人类学的主要流派理论密切关注旅游的社会、政治及文化影响,体现了对正义价值的追求.而环境伦理和生态伦理学则更多地考虑了整个生态系统的和谐发展,体现了对良心价值的追求.     

The Tourism System Research Categorization Framework

This analysis produced a tourism system research categorization framework comprising mutually exclusive subject areas to classify the keywords in academic journal articles. The primary research goals were to develop this framework and then assess the frequency levels of specific tourism research subject areas in the 10-year period of 2002–2011. A database of 37,918 author-selected keywords from 9,588 research articles in 31 tourism, hospitality, and leisure journals was created. Using the proposed framework, the database was divided into six main categories (destination; demand; travel; marketing; geographical areas; and generic terms) and 61 sub-categories. The destination category captured the most keywords, followed by demand and then marketing.     

Transitions to Sustainable Tourism Mobility: The Social Practices Approach

In this article, we argue that current research on sustainable tourism mobility can be divided roughly into two streams. One covers primarily the organisational and technological side of tourism mobility, while the other concentrates on travellers' attitudes. To date, these streams have been organised as separate bodies of research. There is much to be gained by being able to create linkages between the two. To do this, tourism research will have to develop a less generalised and more context-specific approach to travelling behaviour. In this paper, the Social Practices Approach is suggested as an interesting conceptual tool to interrelate current approaches. By giving greater consideration to the contextual dimension of tourism practices, citizen-consumers might be mobilised more effectively as change agents. To analyse the potential roles of citizen-consumers in transition processes towards sustainable tourism mobility, two citizen-consumer-led change processes are differentiated. The first is directed at tourists in their consumer-role, by providers developing sociotechnical innovations enabling and tempting tourists to behave more sustainably, and by incorporating consumer-logics in supply. Second, tourists can be mobilised in their role as citizen-consumers through processes of sub-politics, social movements and political consumerism.     

Tourism and immigration: Comparing Alternative Approaches

Using survey data from ex-Soviet Union tourists visiting Israel and eligible for immigrant status, this article investigates alternative factors which affect the probability of a tourist making an immigration decision. The developed tourism-immigration model is based on predictors associated with push-pull migration, social capital, and tourism theories. The results of cumulative logistic regression models suggest that the probability of an immigration decision is based on a set of mutually reinforcing factors: well-established and supportive relatives at the destination along with intentions to own property and engage in business activities. Motivations are found as primary contributors to explaining and predicting a probable immigration decision.     

Sustainable Tourism: An Overview of the Concept and its Position in Relation to Conceptualisations of Tourism

Reference to sustainable tourism is now made in most strategic tourism planning documents. Yet, despite its common use, definitional arguments exist over its meaning and subsequent operationalisation. In addition to this, literature on sustainable tourism rarely discusses its development prior to the publication of Our Common Future (World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), 1987) and its relevance to current conceptualisations of tourism. This paper analyses the context within which sustainable tourism was developed and has recently been conceptualised. It does this by assessing the development of sustainable tourism (with an Australian focus) and proposing a model which incorporates the development of sustainable tourism into tourism. The paper argues that sustainable tourism has traditionally given more focus to aspects related to the environment and economic development and that more focus should be given to community involvement.     

旅游时间规划概念框架研究

在梳理旅游规划发展历史阶段的基础上,对传统旅游空间规划缺乏对旅游者个体的关注和忽视"时间性"等问题提出了批判,进而在明确旅游时间规划价值导向和逻辑起点的基础上,提出了旅游时间规划的概念模型;详细分析了时间地理学、认知供给理论和旅游者行为学作为基础理论的支撑作用,系统地提出旅游时间规划的时空统一观、时空资源观和时空产品观,并通过理论推导旅游时间规划的概念模型,构建了旅游时间规划的内容体系。最后,研究强调了"旅游时间规划"在旅游产业发展阶段和提升阶段的实践意义,明确旅游时间规划是传统旅游空间规划的补充和修正,而不是与传统规划割裂开来的另外一种规划系统。     

Indicators of Sustainable Tourism in New Zealand: A Local Government Perspective

The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) established a set of core indicators of sustainable tourism in 1995, which were promoted as a useful tool in the operationalisation of sustainable tourism development. Local authorities provide an established framework within which to operationalise the WTO's core indicators of sustainable tourism. This paper examines the extent to which sustainable tourism is reflected in the research practices and attitudes of local authorities within New Zealand. A nationwide survey investigated the importance of tourism, the current status of research and the perceived value of the WTO's core indicators of sustainable tourism within the New Zealand local authority framework (regional councils, territorial local authorities and regional tourism organisations). The importance of tourism within local authority areas was positively correlated with the number of different research activities undertaken.Two main types of research were identified: demand-related and supply-related research. Demand -related research is undertaken within the majority of local authority areas throughout New Zealand. However, supply-related research is under-represented. The WTO's core indicators were generically grouped into economic, planning, social and ecological indicator types. Regional councils showed a preference towards ecological indicators. Territorial local authorities and regional tourism organisations preferred economic and social indicators. The detailed implications are discussed.     

喀纳斯旅游资源可持续发展问题与对策

喀纳斯是新疆著名的旅游景区,旅游资源价值巨大.在对喀纳斯旅游资源开发管理中存在的诸如:旅游资源的保护意识不强,旅游资源开发缺乏科学规划,资源环境遭到破坏等问题进行分析的基础上,提出增强对资源的保护意识,科学规划、适度开发,实行旅游资源资产化管理,合理定位、提高经营企业进入门槛等建议,以期在保护的基础上合理开发喀纳斯旅游资源,更好地实现旅游资源的价值,实现资源利用的可持续发展.     

Alternative Tourism and Sustainable Development in Kenya

This article examines alternative tourism and especially the form dubbed ecotourism and assesses its prospects for sustainable development in Kenya. It also considers community participation in ecotourism, the Kenya government policy on ecotourism, and the initiatives to yield sustainable development in the country. The findings show that biodiversity conservation encourages and supports tourism which, in turn, provides money for conservation efforts and local development programmes. However, ecotourism has not necessarily led to small scale, locally owned tourism enterprises expected in the ecotourism model. The analysis shows nevertheless that alternative tourism development has drawn attention to the role of local people in biodiversity conservation, the basis of ecotourism. Hopefully, this will lead to greater local participation in the ownership, management and control of ecotourism enterprises.