Creating sustainable value in the hospitality industry: a (critical) multi-stakeholder study in the Dominican Republic

This paper identifies sustainable initiatives reported by “sustainability-champion” hotels in the Dominican Republic, while contrasting them against the views of key stakeholders. We adapt and apply Hart and Milstein's Sustainable Value Framework, and complement it with a Critical Management Studies approach. Our analysis relies on a mixed-methods approach (non-hierarchical k-means cluster analysis, as well as thematic and content analysis). Findings indicate that most hotels are engaging more actively in present-oriented strategies such as pollution prevention (especially, the international hotels) and in product/service stewardship. However, in the future-oriented strategies, hotels owned by local investors show higher commitment to both clean technology and innovation, and to the sustainability vision (as the firm's growth path). In addition, although the views of multiple stakeholders show a clear acknowledgment of the hospitality industry's sustainability efforts (particularly regarding education and environmental protection), they also offer differing views about the ultimate impact and value of those efforts for them and for the broader society. Our study offers a new theoretical lens to explore multi-stakeholder approaches and offers practical implications for the Dominican Republic's National Strategy for Development 2010–2030, as well as implications that may be of use for other tourism-dependent countries.     

Women in tourism: Shifting gender ideology in the DR

The purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which the employment of women in the tourism industry has challenged or reinforced the traditional machismo–marianismo gender ideology in the Dominican Republic. Semi-structured individual, coupled, and group interviews were conducted in 12 coastal communities to investigate residents’ perceptions about gender ideology as it intersects with the employment of women in tourism. The findings reveal tourism employment as a source of opportunity, with women gaining economic and social independence, but also conflict as women and men negotiate new gender roles and identities. Emphasizing issues such as the double workload, negotiating domestic tasks with partners, and tension resulting from employment, this study illuminates the pressing practical needs of Dominican women.     

旅游学学科树构建及旅游学研究的时空特征分析--《旅游研究纪事》30年

本文对国际旅游学界权威学术刊物《旅游研究纪事））（Annals of Tourism Research）在1973-2003年间的《主题词索引》（Subject Index）进行了统计研究，以此为依据绘制了旅游学学科树，并在此基础上分析了旅游学及其分支学科从1973年至今30多年来研究的时空特征。     

Success in Place Branding: The Case of the Tourism Victoria Jigsaw Campaign

This article addresses issues of complexity in place branding by presenting a perspective of this concept from a theoretical as well as a practical perspective. The discussion addresses a gap in the literature in terms of studying long-term, successful place branding cases within a well-defined academic theoretical framework. The aim of this study is to develop the understanding of how a successful destination operates by applying S.K. Rainisto’s model as a framework from which to understand place branding through the use of an exemplary case study, namely the Tourism Victoria Jigsaw Campaign.     

Managing Tourism in Small Islands: The Case of Pulau Ubin,Singapore

Pulau Ubin is one of the few Singapore offshore islands relatively untouched by development and provides a striking contrast with the main island in terms of the natural and man-made environment. As such, it has a special appeal for residents and tourists who have been attracted there in increasing numbers. Current activity remains on a restricted scale, however, and impacts experienced to date have been limited although of growing concern to some environmentalists. Conditions are now changing as Pulau Ubin has been identified by the government, official bodies and the private sector as a suitable location for tourism and, in the longer term, urbanisation. This paper examines the management of the island and explores the proposals put forward by the various agencies involved and their implications, suggesting that it is in danger of losing those qualities which have made it a unique natural and cultural attraction. Whilst recognising the particular circumstances of the case, more general issues relating to the challenges of managing small island tourist destinations and achieving sustainability are also illustrated by the example.     

Island Tourism and Sustainability: A Case Study of the Lakshadweep Islands

Lakshadweep archipelago, off the south-western coast of India, is a relatively little known island tourism destination. With a very fragile environment, traditional society and marginal economy, and almost entirely dependent on the mainland, Lakshadweep has been developing tourism as an important economic activity. With its geographical and environmental limitations, sustainability is a major issue in Lakshadweep tourism. However, the islands seem to have turned these limitations to their advantage by developing and managing tourism in a controlled manner. This paper considers the development of tourism in Lakshadweep islands within the context of sustainability. Examining the structural and developmental features of Lakshadweep tourism, the paper seeks to identify specific development and management patterns, if any, and explores potential strategies for promoting sustainability-oriented tourism in Lakshadweep.     

Tourism Constraints: The Neglected Dimension in Consumer Behaviour Research

Abstract

This paper suggests that previous models of consumer behaviour in tourism have neglected the constraints on participation. Despite the growing body of literature related to leisure constraints, the non-user and their associated constraints are generally neglected in consumer behaviour research. In this study, the authors operationalised a recent constraints model in order to examine the constraints on skiing for both participants and non-participants. A qualitative approach was used to understand the perceptions of intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural constraints on skiing participation. Analysis of the qualitative research revealed that non-skiers faced a number of intrapersonal constraints, whereas skiers were constrained by time, family or economic factors. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

旅游产业集群化发展的制约因素分析--以大九寨国际旅游区为例

产业集群是区域旅游业竞争力提升的有效模式.近年来我国许多地方的旅游业呈现出产业集群化发展趋势,但要真正实现由产业集聚到产业集群的演变,还需要解决好许多问题.本文以大九寨国际旅游区为例,对旅游产业集群化发展过程中存在的问题进行深入分析,并对此提出了对策建议.     

海岛型目的地的旅游渗透度——海南案例及其国际比较

文章以旅游渗透度指数(TPI)作为分析工具和方法,利用2003年、2006年和2009年的数据,较为综合地测量和分析了海南全省及各重点市县旅游业对经济、社会和生态环境3方面的渗透程度及其发展趋势;并利用2009年的数据,就海南全省及各重点市县与加勒比地区的19个海岛目的地、马尔代夫和夏威夷等进行了旅游渗透度的比较和统计分析.研究发现,三亚市在2003年、2006年和2009年3个年份都是海南全省旅游渗透度最高的城市,但2009年海南全省及重点市县的旅游渗透度在所有样本案例地中尚处较低水平.通过聚类分析,该研究进一步将27个样本案例地划分为低度渗透型、酒店集聚型和全面渗透型3类,并举例对各聚类的显著特征进行了阐述.文章最后基于国际旅游岛建设的背景,对海南全省及三亚市旅游发展模式与趋势进行了讨论.     

Tourism product development and the changing consumer demand: A case study of Kenya

Kenya is an important tourist destination in Africa accounting for over 6% of the total international tourist arrivals to the continent. However, in recent years Kenya's tourism industry has been experiencing problems of poor performance and continuing decline in the number of international tourist arrivals. This study examines the main characteristics of the country's tourism product vis‐a‐vis the changing trends in global tourism market demands. It is argued that the underlying cause of the recent poor performance of the tourism industry relates to the nature of the country's tourism product. Over the years, Kenya has been offering a limited tourism product that is based on beach and wildlife tourism. Also, the marketing of Kenya mainly depends on overseas tour operators who mainly sell inclusive tour packages. Thus, the form of tourism product that is offered by Kenya has not responded to the recent changes and trends in international tourism market demands. Post‐modern tourists, particularly tourists from developed countries, are increasing becoming aware of the negative impacts of mass tourism and are increasingly looking for alternative tourism products that provide a deeper and more meaningful experience. Thus, if Kenya is to rejuvenate its tourism industry there is need for the country to provide a diverse alternative tourism product which is more appealing to the post‐modern tourists.     

强化国家义务之《旅游法》立法理念创新——基于公民旅游权保障视角

我国传统的管制型政府(国家)背景下,立法在规制国家与公民关系时,以公民基本权利-国家权力关系为指针,立法者将侧重点放在国家权力规范设计上,突出国家权力对公民权利的保障。今天,随着以人为本法治理念与服务型政府建设的推进,我国服务型政府正取代传统的管制型政府,公民权利保障制度设计上必然走出传统的公民基本权利-国家权力关系理念,采取替代性公民基本权利-国家义务关系理念。2013年4月通过的《旅游法》作为综合性法律,适应新形势要求,全面规范了国家尊重、保护、促进公民旅游权之义务,呈现了规制公民-国家关系之国家义务强化趋势。     

The Economic Dimension of Quality in Tourism: Perceptions of Portuguese Public Decision Makers at the Local Level

A quality assessment scale in tourism was constructed in five dimensions: economic, development, human resources, marketing and product. We presents the research findings for the economic dimension, aiming to understand the perception of Portuguese public decision makers at the local level. Using survey methodology, a sample of Portuguese municipalities was used for data collection. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, and three factors supported quality assessment regarding economics: development strategy (F1), economic factors of demand (F2), and financial incentives (F3). Results focus on the validation of the psychometric properties of this measuring instrument, identifying key issues for future research.     

旅游开发对语言文化景观的影响效应研究--以西安为例

语言变化是衡量社会文化变迁与旅游开发之间关系的一个重要指标。本文在国内外相关研究进展综述的基础上,以西安为例,从文化地理学的角度,就旅游开发对目的地语言文化景观的影响效应进行了综合分析,并探讨了产生这些效应的原因和空间特征。研究发现。旅游开发导致了目的地当地方言的淡化,外来方言的渗入以及外语产生的影响,具体表现在：①土语景观萎缩,普通话景观扩张,形成新语言占据土语空间和两者并存的现象;②目的地语言景观曼趋多元化,空间上形成了以旅游区为主体的粤方言渗透区;③外语作为一种异质文化,与方言相互交融。形成中外语言景观并存,交互并用的格局。文章最后指出,经济上的巨大落差。构成了文化能量的累积差异。从而产生西方文化、粤文化等经济发达地区文化向旅游目的地的传播和影响。同时,旅游开发对目的地语言文化景观的影响表现出其独特的影响方向和空间特征。     

Institutions and transaction costs in foreign-local hotel ventures: A grounded investigation in the developing Pacific

This research investigates how to develop a viable hotel venture where the barriers to both tourism and business development are substantial. To this end, 48 interviews were conducted in a Pacific Island country which lacks a viable tourism industry, while being ranked one of the most difficult places to do business on the planet. Data were collected and analyzed using grounded theory method in conjunction with transaction costs economics as meta-theoretical lens. The grounded theory developed is characterized by a process approach to hotel development called Insider-Outsider Connections and Partnerships (IOCP). As opposed to the status quo approach to foreign-local hotel ventures predicated on idealistic presumptions regarding formal institutions, the IOCP elucidates how transaction costs associated with such ventures can be economized by recognizing, valuing, and utilizing informal institutions. These findings regarding working within, rather than ignoring, the institutional reality provide a revitalized platform for hotel practitioners and researchers alike.     

Tourism Destination Image and Motivations: The Spanish Perspective of Mexico

ABSTRACT

The notion that a tourist has about a certain destination is conditioned by his vision of it, and this behavior is the result of his perceptions (Baloglu &; McCleary, 1999 Baloglu, S. and McCleary, K. W. 1999. A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4): 868–897. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Goodrich, 1978 Goodrich, J. N. 1978. The relationship between preferences for and perceptions of vacation destinations: Application of a choice model. Journal of Travel Research, 17(2): 8–13. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). The outcome of this information assessment process is currently known as destination image (Milman &; Pizam, 1995 Milman, A. and Pizam, A. 1995. The role of awareness and familiarity with a destination: The central Florida case. Journal of Travel Research, 33(3): 21–27. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). Based on the model of Baloglu and McCleary (1999 Baloglu, S. and McCleary, K. W. 1999. A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4): 868–897. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) we propose a model which explains the process of destination image formation. For testing this model, we have gathered information from residents in Spain, with Mexico as a destination. For this task, a covariance analysis was estimated by maximum likelihood with EQS.     

Recent Research in Asia Pacific: The Case of a Professionally Affliated Journal

This review paper aims to unveil the recent research trends in the journal Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. A systematic review of 130 articles published in the journal from 2011 to the third issue of 2014 was conducted, followed by a content analysis of various aspects of the articles, including research foci, research contexts, research methods, number of authors, and contributions by institutions and countries. The findings indicate that marketing research predominates in the articles whilst tourism and attraction are the major research contexts. An increasing rigor in the research methods applied has been observed. Finally, implications for tourism researchers are discussed.     

Evaluating the Tourism Potential of Public Museums in Hangzhou: A Supply-Side Perspective

This is a qualitative study to evaluate the tourism potential of public museums from a supply-side perspective. Nine specialized public museums in Hangzhou were evaluated based on six criteria: cultural, physical, product, experiential, marketing, and leadership. The overall tourism potential was rated as moderate for the museums in Hangzhou. Poor accessibility, isolation from tourism nodes, lack of complementarity with peripheral attractions, and limited carrying capacity impair the museums' appeal to tourists. The local government's proactive intention to develop cultural tourism and the innovative marketing efforts adopted by a few museums certainly help to enhance the museums' tourism potential.     

Tourism and the geopolitics of Buddhist heritage in Nepal

This study explores the intricacies of geopolitical imagination at a heritage attraction in Nepal, when a Chinese NGO proposed an investment project to develop it as tourism hub. It seeks to investigate the discourses and reasons deployed by Nepali tourism stakeholders in explaining the Chinese plan. The study applies qualitative methodology and the primary data which were collected through 20 semi-structured interviews. The study shows that in articulating the project aim, the agency of national actors is shaped by the regional power struggle and a ‘nationalist’ sentiment originated from perceived threat to the heritage in question. The finding is useful in understanding the complexities of geopolitical constraints that can influence tourism development projects.     

Tourism development and the tourism area life-cycle model: A case study of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China

The conceptual framework of the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) has been frequently examined since it was first proposed by Butler in 1980. However, few studies have applied the concept to national parks and other protected areas. This paper examines the applicability of the model to China's Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. In addition, both external and internal factors affecting the park's tourism development as well as the environmental, social, and economic changes of the area are also discussed. Results indicate that the park has experienced the first four stages as described in Butler's 1980 seminal paper [The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 24, 5–12]. Currently, the park is in the consolidation stage. Both governments and the private sector are major players as catalysts for the park's tourism development from one stage to the next. While the local or even regional economy has become increasingly dependent on tourism, the park has also been experiencing noticeable transformation and loss of traditional cultures since its inception in 1982. Finally limitations to the current paper are outlined.     

The Methodological Progress of Tourism Demand Forecasting: A Review of Related Literature

Research on modeling the estimation and forecasting of tourism demand has evolved with increasing sophistication and improved quality. In this study, 155 research papers published between 1995 and 2009 were identified and were classified into three main groups according to the methods and techniques adopted—an econometric-based approach, time series techniques, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods. It appears that the more advanced methods such as cointegration, error correction model, time varying parameter model, and their combinations with systems of equations produce better results in terms of forecasting accuracy. We also discuss the implications and suggest future directions of tourism research techniques and methods.