与时俱进的中国共产党执政理念

党的十八大首次系统地阐述了"生态文明建设",将中国特色社会主义总体布局由原来的"四位一体"提升为"五位一体",并且强调将生态文明建设融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各个方面和全部过程之中。这表明我们党在长期执政过程中主动顺应世界文明发展趋势和时代发展潮流,又一次与时俱进地推进了中国特色社会主义建设事业的发展。     

生态文明视阈下的大学生生涯规划教育

党的十八大做出了"大力推动生态文明建设"的战略决策,并将生态文明建设与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设相并列,形成建设中国特色社会主义五位一体的总布局。因此必须要大力加强全社会生态文明教育。高校作为培养人才摇篮,肩负着培养民族振兴与社会发展优秀人才的使命,大学生则肩负着国家经济建设的重任,是我国社会倡导生态保护的生力军。文章认为,将生态文明观纳入到大学生思想政治教育教育的范畴中,不但可以有效推动我国的可持续发展战略,还将更有利于人类生态文明的建设。     

农民生态行为的影响因素分析

党的十八大报告突出生态文明建设的重要性,将其融入"五位一体"的社会主义建设总布局中。中国是农业大国,生态文明建设的重点在农村。农民是农村生态文明建设的主体,农民生态行为受生态意识、生态知识、经济利益和生态执法状况等因素的影响,优化农民生态行为就要加强农民生态教育、大力发展生态农业、加大农村生态执法力度。     

浅谈经济发展与环境治理

"把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程,努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族永续发展."党的十八大报告提出建设社会主义生态文明,把建设中国特色社会主义总布局拓展为五位一体,这就把保护环境提到了新高度,也彰显出中华民族对子孙、对世界负责的精神.贯彻落实中央精神,破解环境治理难题,必须正确处理经济发展与环境治理的关系,牢固树立保护生态环境就是保护生产力、改善生态环境就是发展生产力的理念,让经济发展和环境治理相得益彰.     

努力开创“五位一体”新格局 全面推进经济社会科学发展

在刚刚闭幕的中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会上,胡锦涛同志在报告中提出了"五位一体"的新格局,即"把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设的各方面和全过程,努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族永续发展"。这是建设中国特色社会     

生态与经济融合发展 助力生态文明建设——评《生态文明建设与经济建设融合发展研究》

党的十八大将生态文明建设纳入“五位一体”中国特色社会主义总体布局,要求“把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程”。党的十九大报告指出,建设生态文明是中华民族永续发展的千年大计。《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展“十四五”规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》提出了“十四五”期间生态文明建设实现新进步的目标。这些都为我国生态文明建设指明了方向,成为新时代生态文明建设的根本遵循。     

生态文明与“五位一体”

2012年11月30日,中国国际经济交流中心举办第41期"经济每月谈",主题为"推进绿色发展、循环发展和低碳发展"。中国科学院院士王如松指出,党的十八大提出的"五位一体",是将生态的内涵上升到为经济、政治、文化、社会穿针引线、合纵连横的高度,是中华民族生态振兴的转折点。生态文明建设要通过物态文明、体制文明、认知文明和心态文明来实现可持续发展。     

2014年中国生态补偿制度建设总体评估

当前,中国经济社会步入新常态,生态文明建设纳入国家治理体系,为此也迎来了一个新的历史发展机遇期。在"五位一体"战略布局中,生态文明建设要融入其他建设之中的一个极其重要的抓手就是生态补偿机制的建立与完善。文章对2014年中国生态补偿制度的建设情况进行梳理、总结和评估,针对存在的问题,有针对性地提出了进一步深化改革的相关政策建议:建立健全相关法律法规、完善现行的环境财税政策、简政放权及创新公共服务、建立和完善市场化机制、创新生态补偿的内容和形式。     

生态文明:科学发展的时代强音——解读党的十八大报告的理论自觉

生态文明作为人类文明的基础,延续了人类社会原始文明、农业文明、工业文明的历史血脉,贯穿于经济、政治、文化、社会建设的方方面面。面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势,我们必须树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念,把生态文明建设放在突出地位。党的十八大报告把优化国土空间开发格局、全面促进资源节约、加大自然生态系统与环境保护力度和加强生态文明制度建设等一系列问题纳入"生态文明"的视域,并且上升到经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设和生态文明建设"五位一体"的战略高度,这是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计,是努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族永续发展的必不可少的重要内容,体现了中共继往开来的理论自觉。     

中国生态经济与乡村振兴研究进展——兼述“2019中国生态文明建设·贵阳论坛”

为统筹推进国家"五位一体"的总体战略,加快推进农业农村现代化,助力美丽中国建设,走中国特色社会主义乡村振兴道路,2019年7月12—14日,"2019中国生态文明建设·贵阳论坛"在贵州省贵阳市举行。论文依据2019年中国生态文明建设论坛的会议主题,将生态文明建设相关文献分为生态经济、乡村振兴二大主题类分别检索文献,对检索得到的文献借助CiteSpace软件进行知识图谱可视化分析,分别对当前我国生态经济与乡村振兴领域的研究进展作简要文献综述,并以论坛与会专家会议观点为主线对不同研究方向进行评述。最后提出未来生态经济与乡村振兴领域的研究热点与重要主题,供学者参考。     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

The Performance of Public and Private Enterprise under Conditions of Active and Passive Ownership and Competition and Monopoly

Privatisation is driven by the belief that public ownership is cost inefficient, in particular under monopoly. However, some theoretical and empirical studies have questioned whether privatisation will necessarily lead to efficiency gains. This paper focuses on the impact of ownership when owners can be either active or passive. Active owners decide on output, whereas passive owners delegate this decision to a risk-averse manager. It turns out that managerial slack as reflected in the marginal costs will actually be the same or higher in a private monopoly than under public ownership. The impact of entry is theoretically ambiguous, but an increased number of firms in an oligopoly may lead to lower efficiency.