绿色营销与中国服装企业的可持续发展——一场成本与收益之间的博弈

随着全球范围内对环境问题的日益重视,绿色营销的概念正逐渐兴起.本文通过对服装企业实施绿色营销在短期和长期内的成本、收益分析,总结出了绿色营销对中国服装企业可持续发展的积极影响.实施绿色营销在短期内成本会有所增加,但从长期来看,通过采用高科技降低成本、打破绿色壁垒增加出口、建立企业的绿色形象、开拓市场等途径,收益必然会超出成本,使服装企业获得长远利润,从而实现可持续发展.     

我国服装企业的绿色营销战略

绿色营销的兴起源于生态环境的不断恶化与消费者环保意识的增强。企业开展绿色营销,使产品从生产的全过程实现无污染,不仅会因承担社会责任而树立起良好的社会形象,而且能取得价格上的相对竞争优势。因此,开展绿色营销是一个双赢决策。本文通过阐述我国服装企业实施绿色营销的问题,提出了企业实施绿色营销的思路与战略。     

关于企业绿色营销与可持续发展的思考

本文概述了绿色营销与可持续发展关系的有关理论，分析了企业实施绿色营销存在的问题，探讨了问题的根源，并提出了企业如何实施绿色营销的建议：实施绿色设计，开发绿色产品；树立绿色营销观念；建立绿色营销渠道；积极申请绿色认证；推行清洁生产强化绿色质量管理     

论民营企业绿色营销革命

民营企业绿色营销革命是21世纪大力实施可持续发展战略，切实贯彻落实科学发展观的客观要求，是民营企业在新的历史时期实现大发展的必由之路。坚持民营企业绿色营销革命对推动民营企业构建企业绿色营销主体，大力实施绿色营销，全面提高企业竞争实力，推动企业长久可持续发展具有重要意义。     

对我国企业实施绿色营销的思考

绿色营销是企业实施可持续发展战略的重要措施,并将成为21世纪营销的主流。文章通过阐述绿色营销的含义,了解我国企业绿色营销的现状,从而发现我国企业绿色营销存在的问题,最后对我国企业绿色营销存在的问题提出相应的对策,预测绿色营销的发展前景。     

我国企业实施绿色营销的促进战略模型研究

我国众多企业已认识到实施绿色经营对人类可持续发展的意义,但在具体实施过程中,却往往因注重眼前利益、追求利润目标,而忽视企业行为对自然环境的影响.从我国企业经营的实际情况入手,分析了目前企业实施绿色营销的主要障碍,并在此基础上提出实施绿色营销的促动战略模型,从企业、市场、社会三方面同时入手,"内外结合、推拉并用",通过这种多角度、全方位的促动,迫使企业尽早实施绿色营销,为我国经济的可持续发展作贡献.     

绿色营销在房地产中的应用研究

近年来,随着全社会节能环保意识的增强,绿色营销在中国房地产领域开始逐步得到应用。房地产绿色营销是一种建立在节能环保技术、绿色营销市场和绿色经济上的营销模式。房地产企业实施绿色营销不仅有利于提高人民生活水平,实现中国经济社会的可持续发展,而且还有助于房地产企业树立自身形象,提升市场竞争力。但是,由于实施绿色营销使房地产企业的成本增加等原因,并不是所有的房地产企业都愿意施行绿色营销。这就需要政府从完善法规、重视宣传、提供政策支持等方面采取措施,促使房地产企业全面实施绿色营销。     

绿色创新、双元性学习与企业收益的关系——基于资源型企业的实证研究

根据创新内容将绿色创新分为产品创新、过程创新和管理创新,将企业收益分为短期收益和长期收益。利用问卷调查数据,通过建立多元回归模型,实证分析了绿色创新与企业收益(长期收益和短期收益)的关系,并分析了双元性学习在企业绿色创新与收益间发挥的中介作用。结果表明:绿色创新对企业短期收益和长期收益的增加均有促进作用,其中管理创新对短期收益的影响最大,产品创新对长期收益的影响最大;开发性学习和探索性学习两种学习形式的互补效果显著,双元性学习在绿色创新与企业短期收益和长期收益的获取之间都发挥了重要作用。     

石油企业绿色可持续发展的实施意义与实现途径

自20世纪60年代以来，随着人们对环境与资源等问题的关注和深入研究，企业绿色可持续发展逐渐成为全球性问题，绿色营销与可持续发展实践日益深入，近年来己成为引起社会各方关注的热点问题。石油行业要取得与社会、环境的和谐共同发展，必须顺应社会发展的时代要求，实施绿色可持续发展战略。     

论民营企业绿色营销革命

民营企业绿色营销革命是211世纪大力实施可持续发展战略,切实贯彻落实科学发展观的客观要求,是民营企业在新的历史时期实现大发展的必由之路.坚持民营企业绿色营销革命对推动民营企业构建企业绿色营销主体,大力实施绿色营销,全面提高企业竞争实力,推动企业长久可持续发展具有重要意义.     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

The Performance of Public and Private Enterprise under Conditions of Active and Passive Ownership and Competition and Monopoly

Privatisation is driven by the belief that public ownership is cost inefficient, in particular under monopoly. However, some theoretical and empirical studies have questioned whether privatisation will necessarily lead to efficiency gains. This paper focuses on the impact of ownership when owners can be either active or passive. Active owners decide on output, whereas passive owners delegate this decision to a risk-averse manager. It turns out that managerial slack as reflected in the marginal costs will actually be the same or higher in a private monopoly than under public ownership. The impact of entry is theoretically ambiguous, but an increased number of firms in an oligopoly may lead to lower efficiency.