Outline of economic planning for underdeveloped countries

Planning is a complex activity that requires positive efforts to organize resources for promoting development. It involves the use of imagination in setting or appraising goals, analyzing problems, and conceiving solutions. In its broad outlines, the plan will represent not only specifications of things to be done but criteria for judging the validity of things that happen outside of the areas of direct control. The planning agency can have at its disposal only limited means of control by which to encourage or curb the actions of others according to whether they serve or impede progress. At times essential projects or activities will either be overlooked by others, or the latter will lack incentives for undertaking them, so that specific measures have to be proposed to obtain balance between sectors or to fill out neglected aspects of the overall plans. Flexibility in adjusting to changing circumstances must be retained, but without sacrificing valid long-range objectives to expediency. Information and participation programs should serve to increase the acceptability of plans and to gain support at the political level.     

上海国际物流业发展的优势及劣势分析

世界经济的发展,带来了国际物流发展的机遇和挑战。上海作为我国经济中心,想要朝着国际经济、金融、贸易和航运中心发展,必须加快发展国际物流业。文中从上海经济和外贸发展的宏观环境着手,阐述了上海发展国际物流的重要性和必要性。并结合上海历年商贸和物流发展的数据,分析了上海发展国际物流的优势与劣势。指出在现阶段的经济发展趋势下,应当从加强物流平台整合、构筑物流信息平台、加快物流标准制定和人才培养等方面推进上海市国际物流业发展和融合的基本思路。     

Investment planning for irrigation development projects

This paper considers the problem of choosing among the technologies available for irrigation by tubewells to obtain an investment plan which maximizes the net agricultural benefits from a proposed project in a developing country. Cost and benefit relationships are derived and incorporated into a mathematical model which is solved using a modification of the dynamic programming procedure for solving the knapsack problem. The optimal schedule is seen to favor small capacity wells, drilled by indigenous methods, with supplementary water distribution systems.     

How effective are heuristic solutions for electricity planning in developing countries

Heuristic algorithms have been widely used to provide computationally feasible means of exploring the cost effective balance between grid versus off grid sources for universal electrification in developing countries. By definition in such algorithms however, global optimality is not guaranteed. We present a computationally intensive but globally optimal mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model for electricity planning and use it in a Monte Carlo simulation procedure to test the relative performance of a widely used heuristic algorithm due to [28]. We show that the overall difference in cost is typically small suggesting that the heuristic algorithm is generally cost effective in many situations. However we find that the relative performance of the heuristic algorithm deteriorates with increasing degree of spatial dispersion of unelectrified settlements, as well as increasing spatial remoteness of the settlements from the grid network, suggesting that the effectiveness of the heuristic algorithm is context specific. Further, we find that allocation of off grid sources in the heuristic algorithm solution is often significantly greater than in the MINLP model suggesting that heuristic methods can overstate the role of off-grid solutions in certain situations.     

Labor market analysis for developing countries

This paper is about analyzing labor markets in developing countries, searching for both improved understanding and greater policy relevance. Following a five-part policy evaluation framework, the highlights of labor markets in developing countries are presented. Theoretical models with multiple sectors and segments and empirical analysis using different kinds of data are then reviewed. A brief concluding section addresses some priority research needs.     

Career success across 11 countries: implications for international human resource management

This qualitative study examines perceived meanings of career success across 11 countries. The results show that people define career success in ways that enrich and illuminate the basic dichotomy of objective and subjective career success and establish their relative strengths across countries. Juxtaposing our data with human resource management (HRM) practices, we contribute to the universalist versus contextualist debate in HRM by adding the career management angle. We shed light on the relative importance of cultural and institutional factors for HRM in the area of careers and add a global perspective to the discussion about agentic careers. In our discussion we offer practical suggestions for multinational companies including how to individualize HRM to address diverse views of career success.     

A methodology for cluster analysis of citation histories

Citations to all the papers (558) published from 1955 to 1964 by a multidisciplinary (natural sciences) research institute within a ‘scientific periphery’ were collected for the 11-year period after a 10-year lapse since the publication years. All the papers were grouped into 31 research topics, three of which had no such late citations at all. For the remaining 28 groups of papers three indicators were defined: ALPHA, the ratio of the number of papers with citations, to the number of all papers of the particular research topic, indicating thus an overall CITATION EFFICACY; BETA, the ratio of the sum of all citations, to the number of the cited papers, indicating CITATION INTENSITY, and GAMMA, expressing the CITATION LONGEVITY for a given research topic as the incidence (number) of cited papers (irrespective of the number of citations) within the 11-year citing period. In addition, three normalized transformations of the indicator BETA were checked. Two-dimensional (without ALPHA) and three dimensional (with ALPHA, GAMMA, and one of the BETA variants) graphical representations together with a pairwise correlation analysis served as preliminary guidance in the latter statistical analyses by (a) Ward's Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and (b) Polar Taxons Analysis. Both of them resulted in good agreement. Thus, the 28 research topics were found to belong to three clusters. Their composition varied slightly for the original BETA and its three normalized values. It was concluded that ALPHA is not a redundant but quite useful indicator, and that one of the normalized BETA-variants appears most suitable for this kind of studies. In the three-dimensional graphs the clusters may be related to scientific merit as judged in a composite way by all the three indicators. This is done with regard to the diagonal joining the indicators' maximal with their minimal values. The citation LONGEVITY (GAMMA) appears to be most important. Cluster stability tests showed fluctuations of few research topics, which was related to their specific features within the given research setting. It emerges on the whole that the research merit of this (peripheral) scientific production is determined neither by the journals status the papers were published in, nor by the authors' institutional status. Rather, it is the very scientific quality of individual papers within a given research topic that is decisive for the citation ‘survival’.     

A test of assumed cluster homogeneity for performance appraisal management in four Southeast Asian countries

This study examines the extent of divergence versus convergence effect on the design characteristics of performance appraisal systems across four Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. The results indicate that there exist significant differences in prevailing managerial practices and behaviours pertinent to the design and conduct of performance appraisal. Contrary to an assertion of homogeneity in previous cross-cultural cluster research and regio-centric perspectives, managers of MNCs should not necessarily generalize the appropriateness of performance appraisal design and practice across countries in the same traditional cluster.     

国外城市物流规划方法与实践

公共与私营共同参与(PPP)模式是国外经济发达国家在城市物流规划中采用的有效模式之一,并积累了许多成功的实践经验.结合我国城市物流发展环境,PPP模式有值得借鉴之处.     

湖南轨道交通产业集群现状分析及发展建议

文章认为湖南的轨道交通装备制造业整体实力在国内占据领先地位,相关配套产业对主导产业的支撑作用十分突出,但主体企业和配套产业各自独立发展,未能形成整体的竞争优势,因此,通过项目方式带动产业重组,构建核心企业将加快湖南轨道交通产业集群的发展,形成湖南的核心支柱产业。     

国外新城建设的经验与教训

伴随着经济全球化、市场化和区域化发展,加强新城的规划建设,始终是西方国外大都市空间结构优化和功能配置的主要途径.本文较为系统全面地分析和总结了国际大都市新城建设的经验和教训,这对我国一些特大城市开展新城规划建设具有十分重要的借鉴意义.     

复合枢纽机场工作区规划解析——以白云国际机场南工作区为例

机场工作区是保障机场正常运作的必不可少的功能区域,以广州白云国际机场南工作区为例探讨复合枢纽机场工作区的功能分区、建筑布局、道路交通组织以及景观形象规划,以期为未来其他各地机场工作区规划提供参考。     

Classification in automobile insurance using a DEA and discriminant analysis hybrid

In this article, we adopt an efficiency approach to the two-group linear programming method of discriminant analysis (DA), using principles taken from data envelopment analysis (DEA), to predict group membership in an insurance underwriting scheme. Using an empirical insurance data base we illustrate the effectiveness of our model as a decision-making tool to distinguish among automobile insurance applicants by contrasting our hybrid model with both statistical and LP methods of discriminant analysis. We find for this insurance application that our hybrid model significantly outperforms the more traditional methods in separation and misclassification outcomes.     

成都产业集群发展研究

产业集群是推动区域经济发展的重要力量,文章介绍和总结了产业集群的概念和特征,通过调查研究分析了成都产业集群现状,并着重分析了成都市产业集群面临的问题,根据实际发展情况提出了适合成都市产业集群的建议和对策。     

成都产业集群发展研究

产业集群是推动区域经济发展的重要力量,文章介绍和总结了产业集群的概念和特征,通过调查研究分析了成都产业集群现状,并着重分析了成都市产业集群面临的问题,根据实际发展情况提出了适合成都市产业集群的建议和对策.     

Morphological analysis for health care systems planning

Health care planners are continually challenged by the difficulty of ordering and understanding of the complexities of health care delivery systems. Methods are needed which can aid in extending thought processes into multi-dimensional solution space and rationalizing the thinking of various health care interests. This paper describes a useful approach to designing and evaluating health care systems utilizing a case study of a large metropolitan community.     

A technoeconomic model for sectoral and economy-wide development planning

A combined multisector model of economy-wide development planning and a process-wide planning of a major sector of the economy are considered. Static and dynamic versions of the model are derived, and various controlling mechanisms, objective functions and model refinements are presented. Application of the methodology to the development planning of the energy sector in Israel is also discussed.     

Examining policy configurations as conditions for long-term unemployment and non-standard employment in OECD countries using fuzzy-set analysis

This paper investigates how particular configurations of institutional conditions cause high rate of long-term unemployment and non-standard employment rate for 18 OECD countries during the period of 2001–2008. The paper aims to investigate how employment protection legislation (EPL), unemployment benefit and statutory minimum wages are associated with long-term unemployment and non-standard employment. Using the fuzzy-set analysis, the paper examines how the combination of policies matters in causing long-term unemployment and/or non-standard employment. The result suggests that a low level of statutory minimum wage can lead to high levels of non-standard employment in combination with either strict EPL for permanent workers or weak EPLs for temporary workers. The long-term unemployment rate is suggested to be high when there is strict EPL for temporary workers in combination with high levels of statutory minimum wage. This paper highlights the importance of examining multiple policies as configuration.