利率市场化、股权结构与银行风险承担行为

股权结构会改变银行风险承担行为,而利率市场化则会影响二者关联的强度。本文基于2006—2015年我国上市商业银行面板数据,运用GMM估计方法,从股权集中度、股权属性、股权制衡度三个维度考察了股权结构对商业银行风险承担行为的影响,并在此基础上分析了利率市场化对二者关系的调节作用。结果表明,股权集中度与银行风险承担呈显著正向关系。股权集中度越高,其承担的风险越高;股权制衡度与银行风险承担水平呈显著负相关。中小股东对大股东的制衡能够削弱银行风险承担;国家控股和具有政府背景的银行与其他银行相比,风险承担意愿更强;利率市场化有助于弱化股权集中度和股权性质对商业银行风险承担行为的正向作用,同时强化了股权制衡能力对商业银行风险承担行为的负向作用。基于此,本文建议不断优化银行股权结构、进一步推进利率市场化,以更合理地管理商业银行风险承担行为。     

利率市场化、同业业务与银行经营稳定性

本文从流动性风险、破产风险和信用风险三个角度综合考察银行风险,并使用中国60家商业银行2008~2014年的数据,运用固定效应面板模型,实证检验利率市场化及同业业务对商业银行风险的影响。研究结果表明,同业业务有利于缓解银行的流动性风险,但是会加剧银行的破产风险;存贷款利率市场化会使银行的流动性风险加重,同时存款利率市场化能降低银行的信用风险;利率市场化会倒逼同业业务的发展并进一步降低银行的流动性风险,但会扩大银行的信用风险和破产风险。为此,应将同业业务纳入统一授信体系,并适度计提存款准备金和拨备覆盖率;应促进资产证券化业务更快更好的发展,建立稳定商业银行的资本补充机制;要加强对同业业务资金投向和规模的控制与管理;金融监管部分之间应该加强协调配合,共同监管同业业务。     

浅谈我国商业银行的利率风险及管理措施

利率风险是近些年来国际金融市场的主要风险之一．很多银行因为没有做好风险的处理,最终导致破产。本文主要对我国商业银行利率风险的现状进行了分析,并提出了解决商业银行利率风险的管理措施,希望能够使银行业获得更好的发展。     

基于巴塞尔协议的银行账户利率风险管理研究

银行账户利率风险是商业银行面临的主要市场风险之一,论文通过梳理巴塞尔委员会对银行账户利率风险管理相关指引的历史演进,介绍了目前国际上银行账户利率风险管理的通行做法。通过解读巴塞尔委员会最新发布的《银行账户利率风险》监管指引,评述了该监管指引对银行账户利率风险管理及其商业以后经营行为可能带来的影响。在此基础上,提出了我国商业银行提高银行账户利率风险管理水平的建议。     

商业银行利率风险监管改革动态及其影响探析

通过梳理巴塞尔委员会对银行账户利率风险监管相关指引的历史演进,介绍目前国际上银行账户利率风险管理的通行做法,解读巴塞尔委员会最新发布的《银行账户利率风险》监管指引,并评述该监管指引对银行账户利率风险管理及其商业银行经营行为可能带来的影响,提出了我国商业银行提高银行账户利率风险管理水平的政策建议.     

货币政策、影子银行发展与风险承担渠道的非对称效应分析

本文运用非对称的NARDL模型和门限回归模型,详细探讨了影子银行体系在不同货币政策周期的规模扩张和风险承担行为。实证结果表明,货币政策对影子银行的影响在长期和短期均存在非对称效应,其中长期内紧缩性数量型调控政策和扩张性低利率政策更易引起影子银行的扩张行为,且两者的配合会强化影子银行的风险承担。此外,经济下行会助推影子银行转型,引起影子银行体系风险增加,我国影子银行以房地产为主的投资导向已发生改变,因此,进一步完善利率市场化形成机制,拓宽居民和企业投融资渠道,构建影子银行全面监测平台,才能从根本上规范影子银行资金运作,促进社会资金的合理流向,引导影子银行与经济政策的良性互动。     

货币政策、信贷渠道与银行风险承担行为

本文基于2004-2013年16家上市银行的样本数据,构建动态面板模型,分离银行信贷渠道检验中国货币政策对银行风险承担的影响,结果表明:(1)不同货币政策对银行风险影响不一致。法定存款准备金率提高或货币供应量增加会抑制银行风险承担;而一年期定期存款利率与银行风险无显著相关性。(2)证券活动越多、存款负债比率越高的银行,其风险承担行为对法定存款准备金率和一年期定期存款利率的敏感性越强;资本水平越高、规模越大的银行,其风险承担行为对法定存款准备金率和一年期定期存款利率的敏感性越弱,但对货币供应量的敏感性则相反。银行信贷渠道代理变量影响到了银行风险对货币政策的敏感性。     

金融监管政策动态

<正>国际监管组织1.巴塞尔银行监管委员会发布银行账户利率风险标准2016年4月,巴塞尔银行监管委员会发布了银行账户利率风险标准,该标准修改了委员会2004年版本的利率风险监管规则,2004规则设定了银行对银行账户利率风险的识别、测度、监督与控制的监管前景预期,以及有关的监管问题。对2004规则的重大改进包括:为银行对银行账户利率风险的管理进程的预期提供更加广泛的指引,提高披露水平,更新标准化的框架,设置更严格的标准以识别异常银行。银行账户利率风险标准反映了自2004年该规则首次发布以来的市场与监管实践的变化,鉴于目前在多个国家出现的异常低的利率水平现象,该标准是     

竞争是否缓解了商业银行风险承担？ ——基于利率市场化视角下的GMM检验

本文选取2005-2018年34家沪深上市银行的年度面板数据,通过GMM面板回归和DID双重差分模型实证分析了利率市场化视角下价格竞争和市场竞争对银行风险承担水平的影响。实证分析结果显示,利率市场化下的利差收窄提升了商业银行风险抵御能力,破产风险和概率有所下降;价格竞争和市场竞争使得商业银行“以量补价”的信贷投放冲动较强,加剧了信用风险;在利率市场化进程下,商业银行面临的价格竞争和市场竞争使得自身风险承担水平受到了更大冲击。     

年报风险信息披露与银行贷款利率

既有文献较少从银行视角关注年报风险信息披露的经济后果。银行更有能力解读年度风险信息,银行利益也更直接受到年报风险信息的影响,银行贷款利率更能体现年报风险信息披露的经济后果。本文基于2008-2017年单笔银行贷款利率数据的研究发现:总体上我国年报风险信息披露降低了银行贷款利率,说明我国年报风险信息披露更符合趋同观假说。中介效应检验发现:我国年报风险信息披露通过提高信息透明度,降低银行风险感知水平进而降低了银行贷款利率,即信息质量和风险是我国年报风险信息披露影响银行贷款利率的不完全中介。进一步分析发现:我国年报风险信息披露与银行贷款利率的负相关关系主要体现在货币政策紧缩组、非国有企业组以及公司治理水平较高组。本文首次研究银行贷款利率与年报风险信息披露的关系,有助于丰富风险信息披露文献和银行贷款文献。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Dutch accounting in Japan 1609-1850: isolation or observation?

The trading station or factory maintained by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) was Japan's sole window on the Western world during most of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). While many aspects of the factory's role in Dutch/Japanese cultural exchange have been researched little is known in the West of the accounting at the factory. This paper considers the possibility that double-entry bookkeeping employed by the Dutch may have been diffused to the Japanese. The available evidence is synthesized after considering the accounting system in the Dutch factory.