关于我国城乡分割格局的一点思考

我国是一个典型的二元经济结构国家 ,一直处于城乡分割的状态。打破城乡分割格局 ,把城市和广大农村作为一个整体 ,合理配置城乡生产要素 ,充分利用和开发城乡的经济资源 ,已成为一个亟待解决的问题     

社区文化在城乡一体化建设中的作用研究

随着五年计划的实行与发展,我国经济正朝着积极健康迅速的方向发展。在现代社会,城市文化仍然占据主导地位,这导致了越来越多的人奔向城市,成为城市的新居民。那么如何正确地引导人们和谐健康地生活成为当今急需解决的问题。城市的主体是社区,社区文化是城市文化建设的重要组成部分。在社区文化的建设中存在很多问题:人口素质差异、价值取向、邻里交流等等。文章对怎样建设社区文化才能更好地改善这些问题,提升人民的幸福归属感进行了研究。     

新型城镇化视角下城乡多元化绿色经济发展模式探析

改革开放以来,我国经济发展迅速,经济繁荣的背后同样存在很多问题。因此在这种背景下,绿色经济的口号被提出。近年来,在城乡经济发展中,绿色经济发展已经成为主导。新型城镇化是对传统城镇化中的有效调整,令城镇化在发展过程中更加突出公平与效率。在新型城镇化视角下,城乡多元经济发展中,发展绿色经济是必然的道路,也是未来的主要经济发展趋势。     

Integrated regional development planning: Linking urban centres and rural areas in Bolivia

Highly polarized settlement systems in developing countries reflect and tend to reinforce strong disparities in levels of development between the largest city and other regions and between urban centres and their hinterlands in rural regions. Integrated regional development planning seeks to create a more diffuse and articulated system of settlements in order to diversify the services and facilities available to rural residents, increase their access to town-based markets, new sources of agricultural inputs and non-agricultural employment opportunities, and to provide guidelines for sectoral investment and location decisions. One approach to integrated regional development planning — ‘Urban Functions in Rural Development’ - was tested in the Department of Potosi, Bolivia, and its results provide insights not only into the methodology of analysis but also into the complex relationships among rural development, patterns of human settlement and processes of spatial interaction.     

Production of and trade in African indigenous vegetables in the urban and peri-urban areas of Durban,South Africa

This paper reports on the farming and trade of lesser known crops, here termed African indigenous vegetables (AIVs), in the Durban metropole. Most households grow AIVs, and collect them from the wild, primarily for home consumption. Modal income from sale was approximately R30 per month per farmer, most of whom were middle-aged to elderly females, with limited education, who had been cultivating AIVs here for many years. The main constraints to greater sales were deemed to be low market demand and adverse climate. The commonest AIVs grown were pumpkin leaves, taro and amaranth. Although most farmers sold very little, there is a thriving retail trade in AIVs. Generally, retailers were females, but younger and more educated than the farmers. The majority viewed retailing as a full-time occupation. Modal income for retailers was R450 per month, but included non-AIV produce. Most of the traders thought there was insufficient market demand for AIVs.     

A quantitative determination of the food security status of rural farming households in the Northern Province of South Africa

The majority of South Africans living in rural areas are food insecure despite high levels of national food self-sufficiency. The household food security position of two groups of rural farming households in the Venda region was evaluated quantitatively: one group produces vegetables that are sold or consumed locally, the other group produces cash crops – mangoes and other subtropical fruits. Using the collected data, food availability and energy, protein and fat requirements were calculated and balances derived. It was found that more than 80 per cent of the households had a negative balance of energy, protein and fat intake. The average energy, protein and fat coverage consumption was the same for both groups of farmers. A number of agricultural determinants were tested, but only non-agricultural determinants were found to be significant. These include household size, household (food) expenditure and proportion of the budget spent on food.     

The generation of technologies in rural areas

Technologies are at present generated in the framework of a system of paradigms which originated in the developed world, which is not adequate for the developing countries. This article proposes a research methodology that, while generating technologies appropriate for rural areas, contributes at the same time to the building of a new system of paradigms adequate for the needs and conditions of developing societies. The final aim of the methodology, which presupposes local participation, is to define a ‘technological space’ which is the set of requirements and constraints that the technology has to satisfy. Any technology which fits that space is appropriate, whether locally produced or imported.     

Migrants,urban poverty and the changing nature of urban–rural linkages in Kenya

In the literature on rural–urban linkages in sub-Saharan Africa the focus has so far been predominantly on the urban dwellers contributing to the livelihood of the rural ones, usually through remittances from family members living in the city. Although acknowledged in the last two decades, the reverse flow, i.e. the extent to which town dwellers realise part of their livelihood from rural sources, remains poorly understood. Based on recent research in Nakuru town, Kenya, this paper demonstrates that urban–rural linkages are not only important for the rural households, but are becoming an important element of the livelihood (or survival) strategies of poor urban households.     

Identification and prioritisation of access problems in rural areas

The concept of rural transportation planning has changed over the years. Nowadays a needs-based approach is generally used where the accessibility of the population to the activity centres or services is given more emphasis than the earlier concept of only the construction of motorable roads. In the process, a new approach known as Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning (IRAP) has been developed. One of the steps in IRAP is the quantification of villagers' accessibility levels to different activities or services. An attempt has been made in this article to improve the existing method of quantification and prioritisation by introducing the concept of the Accessibility Shortfall Index (ASI).     

Social exclusion and rural transport: Gender aspects of a road improvement project in Tshitwe,Northern Province

This article presents a case for a reorientation of the way in which rural transport needs are perceived, planned and provided for, with a view to improved targeting of interventions, particularly with regard to addressing the mobility and accessibility needs of rural women. In addition, it seeks to critically appraise the sustainability of poverty alleviation properties attributed to the labour-based road works, especially in respect of their impact on women. It also explores the role that non-motorised modes of transport could play in reducing the transport burden of the Tshitwe community.     

深入城乡问民生久旱之地绽新绿——温家宝总理在渝考察旱情慰问群众纪实

特大干旱肆虐的痕迹还未完全消除,与旱灾连续抗争了几个月的巴渝儿女,正在干涸的土地上同秋旱作顽强的斗争。     

新一轮农村土地改革启动

三十年前,中国的改革从农村开始,三十年后,农村土地改革再一次起程。2008年10月9日～12日,十七届三中全会在北京召开,农村改革发展问题被纳入了这次会议的重要议题,并通过了《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》。在中国改革开放三十周年之际,开启新一轮农村改革,其意义重大而深远。本期“经济学人”栏目邀请了国务院发展研究中心农村部副部长徐小青、中国社科院农村发展所政策研究中心主任李成贵、中国社科院农村发展所副研究员、中国土地学会常务理事王小映,来解读新一轮农村土地改革政策。     

反贫困语境下面向农村地区的图书馆信息援助研究

文章介绍了反贫困与信息贫困、信息援助的关系,针对农村地区的信息贫困问题,分析了反贫困语境下图书馆面向农村地区开展信息援助的必要性,通过研究农村地区信息贫困的成因及其影响,最后提出了在反贫困语境下图书馆面向农村地区提供信息援助的途径。     

Migration from rural areas of poor countries: The impact on rural productivity and income distribution

Evidence is presented elsewhere²⁶ that intra-rural inequality is a major cause of rural-urban migration: that better-off villagers tend to be ‘pulled’, and worse-off villagers ‘pushed’, from the same subset of relatively ‘unequal’ villages. This paper argues that townward emigration, and its after-effects (remittances, return migration), in turn increases interpersonal and inter-household inequality within and between villages. As for rural labour productivity, the neoclassical expectation (that townward migration increases it) rests on special definitions and doubtful assumptions. Fortunately, in most of the poorer developing countries, rural-urban migration is much smaller, less permanent and more likely to set up countervailing economic-demographic pressures restoring the rural population share, than received opinion about ‘the urban crisis’ suggests. Migration does not equilibriate between urban and rural sectors, largely because of externalities and compositional factors; but it does smoothe itself, largely because individuals behave rationally and learn quickly. As so often, the lesson for development studies is not that ‘markets fail’. It is that, under conditions of both poverty and structural inequality, they function — but with generally unacceptable, misery-preserving consequences.     

山东省消费者信心指数测度及其实证研究

为了全面反映城镇居民对当前经济生活的评价和对未来经济生活发生变化的预期,同时为了反映金融危机下消费者的基本消费情况、投资情况以及文化产业发展情况,结合山东省自身社会经济发展状况,本文编制了山东省17地市消费者信心指数,并对调研结果进行了总体评价和交叉统计分析研究,给出了当前山东省城镇居民消费者的动静态信心模式。得出消费者不仅满意于目前的我省经济社会发展状况,而且对未来发展状况更是充满信心;但居民对物价有“后顾之忧”。     

城乡居民大病保险推进中存在的问题及对策分析

城乡居民大病保险实施中暴露出很多问题,文章提出一系列的对策建议,希望能促进我国城乡居民大病保险的顺利推进。     

全域旅游背景下南京市城乡一体化发展研究

政府工作报告于2017年3月首次提出"全域旅游",是对我国旅游业发展方向的重要引导,意味着旅游业全面向全域旅游发展模式转变。南京拥有得天独厚的旅游资源,深厚的文化底蕴和良好的生态环境,具有发展全域旅游的良好基础。基于全域旅游的视角,文章对南京城乡旅游一体化发展途径进行深入研究,以期推动南京市旅游业转型升级,为城乡旅游一体化的创新发展并实现全域旅游提供重要的理论支持。     

以党建促城建 推动促进城乡建设快速发展

近年来,我国城市基础设施建设坚持围绕城建抓党建,抓好党建促城建的工作思路,把抓党建工作作为我们一项全局性工作和保障性项目来抓,立足本职工作,服务城乡建设工作大局,为进一步推动城乡建设工作又好又快发展提供强大思想支持和动力驱动。     

Carting in the Northern Province: Structural and geographical change

Throughout the world rural transportation is grossly underresearched. In southern Africa the nature of transport in country areas is only beginning to be studied. Indications are that pre-industrial forms have persisted despite changed economic and social conditions, and that these should be seen as a cost-effective alternative under certain socio-economic conditions of transition to a modern economy. As also in other places, in the Northern Province donkey carting has adapted its socio-economic and technological structure to new conditions; these changes have occurred at a different pace in different localities. The prime aim of the research is to ascertain the degree to which deliberate alterations in the geography of carting have been a successful strategy for the survival of carters. The finding that emerges from this study is that low-technology transport has persisted despite the introduction of modern means of transport and tarred roads, but that it is ignored and dismissed because it falls outside the formal purview of the state.     

Directional trends in selected aspects of rural poverty in the Eastern Cape Province: changes during the first ten years of South African democracy

This study analysed changes in demographic, gender, basic service access and agricultural production patterns in the rural black Eastern Cape Province between 1993 and 2002 in order to offer advice for future poverty alleviation strategies. It used secondary data from national surveys and the 2001 census and stratified the Eastern Cape districts into former Transkei, former Ciskei and commercial farming district sub-regions, in accordance with the pre-1994 developmental scenarios. The results showed that the demographic and basic service access changes were positive, but that pre-existing sub-regional differences had been reinforced, indicating that the populous former Transkei was being marginalised. There has been little development for rural women, agricultural production is almost negligible and employment in commercial farming has declined. Geographically targeted interventions seem to be warranted for the demographic, gender development and basic service accessibility aspects of Eastern Cape rural poverty, but improving rural production appears to be the major challenge.