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Bruno S. Frey Henrik Horn Torsten Persson Friedrich Schneider 《Review of World Economics》1985,121(3):438-447
Zusammenfassung Formulierung und Test eines einfachen Modells für das Verhalten der Weltbank. -Um das Verhalten der Weltbank zu analysieren,
wird ein einfacher theoretischer Ansatz entwickelt, indem angenommen wird, da? die Weltbank wie eine einzige Person ihren
Nutzen maximiert. Die Argumente der Nutzenfunktion sind die Summe der Kredite an die Empf?ngerl?nder, die Einkommen dieser
L?nder und der gesamte erwartete Zahlungsausfall beim Schuldendienst. Die Beschr?nkung der Funktion liegt im Gesamtbudget
der Bank. Auf dieser Grundlage werden mehrere Hypothesen bezüglich der Kreditpolitik der Weltbank abgeleitet und getestet.
Es zeigt sich, da? das Einkommen und Ausfallrisiko zu 37–40 vH die Varianz der Weltbankdarlehen, die 1981 und 1982 gew?hrt
worden sind, erkl?ren k?nnen.
Résumé Une formulation et teste d'un simple modèle du comportement de la Banque Mondiale. -Les auteurs présentent un simple cadre théorique pour analyser le comportement de la Banque Mondiale en utilisant une approche d'acteur-unifié qui maximise son utilité. Les arguments de la fonction d'utilité sont les montants des crédits accordés aux pays destinataires, le revenue de ces pays et la suspension de paiements totale attendue. La contrainte de la fonction est le budget total de la Banque. Les auteurs dérivent et testent plusieurs hypothèses regardant les crédits accordés aux pays développants. Ils démontrent que le revenue et la risque des créances douteuses peuvent expliquer 37–40 pourcent de la variance des crédits de la Banque Mondiale accordés en 1981-1982.
Resumen Formulatión y test de un modelo simple del comportamiento del Banco Mundial. -En este trabajo se presenta un marco teórico simple para analizar el comportamiento del Banco Mundial, utilizando un modelo individual de maximización de utilidad. La función de utilidad contiene como argumentos el volumen de crédite otorgado a los países receptores, el ingreso de estes países, y el total esperado de crédites vencidos. El presupuesto total del banco constituye la única restrictión. Varias hipótesis sobre el otorgamiento de préstamos a países en desarrollo son derivadas y analizadas empíricamente. Se concluye que el ingreso y el riesgo de que un crédite venza pueden explicar del 37 al 40 por ciento de la varianza de los crédites otorgados en los a?os 1981 y 1982.相似文献
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Imad A. Moosa 《Review of World Economics》2002,138(4):694-710
A Test of the News Model of Exchange Rates. — The news model is tested using quarterly data on six exchange rates involving
four currencies over a period extending back to 1975. The results show that unbiased efficiency does not hold and that there
are time-varying risk premia. The results also show that the news variables, proxied by the residuals of VAR models, do not
have a significant effect on the exchange rate. It is argued that while news is a theoretically plausible explanation for
erratic changes in the exchange rate, generated regressors cannot adequately represent news. 相似文献
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Summary In this article we investigated the effects of interruptions of labour market participation and part-time work on women's gross wage rates, using the variable-intensity model. Women who interrupt their labour market careers suffer not only from depreciation, which effects all workers. Every year they do not participate they also miss experience. Part-time work mitigates the depreciation of human capital compared to a situation of non-participation. The expectation that part-time work — as opposed to full-time work — leads in the long run to a lower wage rate is confirmed. 相似文献
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应用型人才的培养既是高等教育改革的一个重要方向,也是破解新常态下人才供给与需求结构性矛盾的有效措施。文章在论证应用型人才培养模式与卓越绩效模式高度相通相融的基础上,运用卓越绩效模式的过程管理理论,从过程的识别、设计、实施、改进4个环节,探索了全新的应用型人才培养的过程管理,有助于提升应用型人才的培养质量及其有效性。 相似文献
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近年来,我国港口业取得了迅猛发展。根据国家统计局2007年10月2日公布的数据,截至2006年底,全国主要港口码头泊位数为10848个,比2002年末增长28.1%。其中,万吨级及以上泊位1108个,比2002年末增长82%,年均增长16.1%;生产用码头泊位10171个,比2002年末增长26.1%。2006年,全国主要港口完成货物吞吐量46亿吨,比2002年增长105.8%,年均增长19.8%。其中,沿海港口完成34.2亿吨,比2002年增长105.4%,年均增长19.7%;内河港口完成11.8亿吨,比2002年增长107.2%,年均增长20.0%. 相似文献
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By relating strike outcomes and durations to the value of the disputed wage change and to the cost to each side of continuing the strike, this paper tests the hypothesis that the war of attrition with asymmetric information model of strikes accurately describes the characteristics of strikes over wages in the United States in the early to middle part of the 1880s. That hypothesis is not rejected by linear, probit, or nonparametric kernel estimation. Specifically, variables that decrease a side’s cost of striking or increase its opponent’s cost are shown to increase its maximum holdout time, and vice versa, and strike duration increases with the value of the prize in dispute and with uncertainty about the outcome. Alternative game theoretic models of strikes—signaling and screening models, and models with ongoing negotiations—do not fit the data as well. We also explore why the strikes took the form of wars of attrition, and why later strikes did not. Our results have implications for modern union behavior in the face of globalization. 相似文献
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上市公司业绩评价的加权理想解模型及其应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对上市公司经营业绩的评价是证券投资研究的一个重要方面。目前国内所采用的一些评价方法往往存在一定的主观性或者缺乏整体性。对此,本文提出一种综合评价上市公司经营业绩的模型--加权理想解模型,并运用它对我国计算机硬件行业上市公司的经营业绩进行了综合评价和分析。 相似文献
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上市公司业绩评价的加权理想解模型及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对上市公司经营业绩的评价是证券投资研究的一个重要方面。目前国内所采用的一些评价方法往往存在一定的主观性或者缺乏整体性。对此 ,本文提出一种综合评价上市公司经营业绩的模型———加权理想解模型 ,并运用它对我国计算机硬件行业上市公司的经营业绩进行了综合评价和分析 相似文献
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This paper reports an attempt to model household economic behaviour on a small farm in KwaZulu using mathematical programming techniques. To some extent the effects of risk, leisure and off‐farm employment opportunities on resource allocation and farm output are captured in the model Different decision rules including versions of the Wald maximin criterion (Maximin), the Savage regret criterion (Minmax), Motad and maximisation of a ‘sumex’ utility function were used in the optimisation process. Predicted and observed enterprise levels are compared and the paper concludes with comment on the model and problems involving specification of income, leisure and consumption relationships in the programming approach. 相似文献
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随着环保管理逐步收严,涉重产业逐步入园进区,形成专业涉重园区。但是,部分涉重园区仍存在布局不合理、基础设施不完善、环境制度执行不到位等问题,因此涉重园区环境规范化管理对重金属污染减排尤为重要。文章以电池工业园区为例,从规划布局、项目准入、三废管理、清洁生产等方面着手,提出电池工业园区环境规范化管理建议。 相似文献
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Education may enhance earnings either because of human capitalincreases or by signalling unobservable worker attributes. Previoustests of these alternatives relied on ad hoc distinctions betweenthem. Our theoretical model provides a direct signal measureas the difference between required and necessary qualifications,forming the basis for an ordered-probit model of discrete differencesbetween required and necessary qualifications that depend onfirm, job, and worker attributes. Estimates support the model'spredictions, providing a continuous, predicted signal measurefor second-stage earnings equations. These results provide thefirst formal evidence of a significant, positive, gender-specificreturn to a signal and indicate a downward bias in the returnto education from excluding the signal measure. 相似文献
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1952年,Markowitz在《投资组合选择》一文中指出分散投资可降低风险,并在投资者理性预期的基础上提出了投资组合选择理论,即在有效边界的风险和标准差给定水平上,投资者选择期望收益率最高的资产组合。1959年,Roberts和Osbeme在对股票价格行为研究中发现股票价格遵循随机游走规律,提出了“有效市场假说”(EMH):如果有用的信息能够立即地、无偏地反映证券价格,那么市场就是有效的。在市场有效条件下, 相似文献
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Héctor R. Cordero-Guzmán 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2001,28(4):31-71
Conclusion In this paper I ahve shown that scores on the AFQT are a function of family and school level material resources and investments
on individual development. The AFQT is not a measure of “intelligence (IQ),” “ability,” or “cognitive skills.” The AFQT is
in large part a measure of access to material resources, social investments, and exposure to the values, experiences, and
networks of the white upper middle class. 相似文献