贸易自由化与环境保护的关系:世界贸易组织(WTO)的角色与作用

自上世纪70年代以来,环境问题在贸易谈判中占有越来越重要的地位。随着国际贸易的发展及其带来的环境恶化问题,经济自由化与环境保护的关系更加紧密。世界贸易组织(WTO)作为唯一的国际性贸易管理机构,成为环保与贸易发展问题专家关注的焦点。WTO在对待环保问题上采取一系列积极的措施:WTO的导言特别强调可持续发展的重要性;同时,WTO中设立了贸易与环境委员会(CTE)。尽管如此,WTO在贸易自由化与环境保护问题中应该扮演何种角色仍然受到人们的关注。自由主义学者认为作为贸易管理组织的WTO在环保的问题上过于激进;而环保专家则认为WTO在环保方面过于保守。本文分析了WTO在贸易自由化与环保问题中的作用,从而得出结论:WTO必须做出相应的调整,才能使贸易自由化与环境保护互惠互利,达到双赢的目的。     

Jackson,Karl D., (Ed.), Asian Contagion: The Causes and Consequences of a Financial Crisis

The purpose of this article is to identify the extent of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) worldwide. A large number of countries were aggregated on a regional basis to examine their inward and outward stocks as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation for the period 1980–2006. Among the findings was that the annual increase for both inward and outward FDI was less than 1%. Also, countries grouped by the aggregates developed, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, Asia and Oceania, and developing were found to differ significantly in their means.     

数字贸易壁垒的内涵、测度与国际治理

数字化、虚拟化和全球化的特征决定了数字贸易面临区别于传统贸易的新型贸易壁垒.文章从目标合法性、手段合理性以及效果合意性三个层面对数字贸易监管措施与数字贸易壁垒进行了辨析,并对数字贸易壁垒的内涵进行界定.利用数字服务贸易限制指数、数字贸易限制指数等指标对数字贸易限制程度进行了领域间和国家间的比较.结果 表明,发展中经济体的数字贸易壁垒明显高于发达经济体,基础设施和连通性以及数据获取和使用障碍是数字贸易最为重要的限制因素.数字贸易规则的"亚太模板"有望成为多边数字贸易规则的主要参照.中国应以RCEP的达成为契机,以数字基础设施为抓手,以自由贸易试验区为载体,以数据跨境流动为突破点,进一步提升数字贸易治理能力和开放水平.     

The Great Recession of 2008: Impact on the Bangladeshi economy and international business implications

This article examines the current global financial crisis (GFC) and its impact on Bangladesh's economy and discusses international business implications for the country within an institution‐based analytical framework. The article finds that the macroeconomy of Bangladesh has shown remarkable resilience in the face of this massive global crisis, and the impact has been minimal and limited to a moderate slowdown of the economy The country thus could be poised for taking advantage of international business opportunities as the global economy begins to recover. Further, JPMorgan's Frontier Five and Goldman Sachs's Next Eleven classification of Bangladesh indicates enormous potential for growth and development. The article suggests that the Bangladeshi diaspora could serve as a connecting hub so that “brain gain” could be achieved through labor migration and remittances. Strategic alliances among home and foreign firms are also important to the future capacity building of the country. However, strategic management in the form of further institutional, structural, and policy reforms are critical in enabling the country to develop an international‐business‐friendly environment conducive to taking advantage of evolving global opportunities and realizing its full potential. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中国的机械进口与工业化道路:基于亚洲间贸易的视角(1912-1937年)

1912-1937年间中国的机械进口受外部环境影响较大,整体上呈起伏波动状,由此反映战前中国工业发展的周期主要由政治因素所决定。机械进口作为技术引进的重要途径,似未对整个经济发展起到较显著的外溢作用。受工业实力与政治因素影响,中国的机械进口市场由英、美、日、德四大列强支配。20世纪初日本从欧美进口机械的态势与中国有相似之处,但日本通过战略干预,在战前创造了对自己有利的东亚机械贸易结构,其主导的东亚产业结构亦延续到战后。因此,战前"亚洲间贸易"对中国工业是不利的,东亚工业化存在着两条竞争性道路。     

Beyond Border Barriers: The Liberalisation of Services Trade in Tunisia and Egypt

Tunisia and Egypt have both recently undertaken significant steps toward trade reform. They have committed to a partnership agreement with the European Union. Both countries have also joined the WTO and are participating in Doha Round discussions on the liberalisation of non‐tariff barriers on both goods and services trade. These developments provide an interesting context within which to investigate not only the changes in welfare associated with reforms affecting the trade in goods, but also the impacts of services liberalisation. Using open‐economy computable general equilibrium models for both Tunisia and Egypt, this paper explores the reasons why structural differences in these two economies imply different opportunities and challenges with trade reform and services liberalisation. The gains from eliminating barriers at the border for goods trade are significantly greater for Tunisia than Egypt. Both countries, however, gain substantially from liberalisation of foreign direct investment in services. Furthermore, economic growth is more evenly distributed across sectors than with liberalisation of trade in goods alone. In addition to reporting on the impact of alternative policies on income, output, employment and trade, sector‐level effects are also considered.