国外清洁柴油加氢催化剂技术进展

随着环保法规和清洁柴油标准的日益严格,清洁柴油的生产将是全球需要解决的重要问题。世界炼油工业对现有工艺不断改进,创新并开发出一些先进技术以满足生产清洁柴油的需求。综述了国外清洁柴油的主要指标和炼油企业在柴油加氢催化剂方面的技术进展。     

柴油加氢精制催化剂的设计

随着国内外清洁柴油标准的不断提高及需求量的日益增长,柴油加氢精制技术作为改善柴油质量的最有效手段得到广泛的应用和发展,高性能柴油加氢精制催化剂的研发成为深入研究的重要课题.本文通过深入剖析柴油加氢反应机理提出催化剂的设计思路,同时针对加氢反应的难点问题进行深入分析,并根据上述分析结果开展柴油加氢催化剂的研制工作.     

柴油氧化脱硫工艺技术研究

面对清洁燃料生产的新机遇和新挑战,研究者开发出各种柴油脱硫技术。由于氧化脱硫技术能将油品中的硫化物以有机硫的形式脱除,并具有操作条件温和、工艺投资和操作费用低、环境污染少等优点,已成为近年来国内外研究开发的热点,被称为21世纪的绿色柴油脱硫工艺。介绍了近年来国内外的柴油氧化脱硫技术,并提出未来的研究方向。     

甲醇柴油助溶剂难题告破

由江西理工大学材料与化学工程学院熊道陵教授领衔研发的清洁节能甲醇柴油及其配制方法，日前获得国家专利。该成果解决了现有甲醇柴油助溶剂价格高、闪点低、易着火、不安全等一系列难题。这项发明涉及甲醇柴油配制技术，特别是清洁节能甲醇柴油及其配制方法。     

国内清洁柴油的加氢技术进展

由于环保法规的出台和原油劣质化的日益严重,深度加氢脱硫技术及相应的催化剂研究成为热点。分析了中国清洁柴油生产对加氢技术的需求,介绍了国内两家主要加氢研究机构中国石化抚顺石油化工研究院和中国石化石油化工科学研究院的清洁柴油加氢技术。这些技术均已成功地应用于工业生产,为企业生产高质量清洁柴油提供适时有力的技术支撑,增加了企业的经济和社会效益。此外还对中国生产清洁柴油的方向提出了建议。     

生物柴油的现状与发展前景

概述了清洁柴油标准的演变,介绍了生物柴油的主要特性、开发和应用情况,从生物柴油的竞争力不断提高、政府对生物柴油的扶持政策和汽车车型柴油化趋势三个方面分析了生物柴油的发展前景,并对我国生产生物柴油的原料及发展进行了讨论.     

棕榈油制备生物柴油研究

通过利用浓硫酸作催化剂对酸值较高的棕榈油进行预酯化,采用正交实验的方法来研究预酯化的最优工艺条件,预酯化反应温度为70 ℃,反应时间为1.0 h,催化剂H2SO4的质量分数为1.0%,棕榈油的酸值降到2.4 mgKOH/g油.预酯化后的棕榈油与甲醇在氢氧化钾作为催化剂进行酯交换反应得到脂肪酸甲酯,采用正交实验的方法来研究酯交换反应的最优工艺条件,酯交换反应温度为60 ℃,反应时间为1.0 h,催化剂KOH的质量分数为1.0%,酯交换反应的转化率为95.89%,生物柴油总得率为95.6%.以棕榈油为原料制备的生物柴油,其主要性能符合柴油标准,但倾点较高,需与柴油馏分调合或加降凝剂以达到柴油标准.     

柴油碱洗乳化原因分析及解决措施

通过对柴油乳化的原因进行分析,在生产装置上有针对性的实施工艺改造,通过调整混合强度、调整碱液比重、改善碱洗界位控制、调整碱洗温度等措施,柴油碱洗在我们装置得到了大大的改善,柴油乳化得到控制,柴油碱洗产品质量明显提高.     

催化柴油加氢精制催化剂的研究

研制出以物质A和氧化铝为复合载体,以钨-镍为活性组分的柴油加氢精制催化剂;以大庆重油催化轻柴油为原料,在反应压力7.0 MPa,氢油体积比500:1,体积空速0.8h-1,反应温度330℃的工艺条件下,生成油硫含量＜15μg/g,满足世界燃油规范Ⅲ类清洁柴油标准.     

二甲醚 前景值得期待

二甲醚是一种理想的煤基清洁燃料,且比汽油、柴油便宜。二甲醚的推广应用既能发挥我国煤炭资源优势,又不似汽油柴油那样与国际油价关联密切。     

柴油紧缺对国内物流业的影响及对策

近来,国内柴油紧缺,油价飚升,对长期使用柴油货车的货运业来说可是一大冲击,致使国内从事物流业的企业处于微利状态,运营成本多了5%～6%,利润将被吃掉了两成。国内物流业处于半瘫痪状态.或许这将促使国内物流业重新洗牌,从而促使物流业最终走向集约化、规模化。     

When does an ethical attribute matter for product evaluation? The role of warm-glow feelings for low-rated products

Research on the effects of ethical attributes has recently gained traction. However, limited research has addressed consumer response to ethical attributes in the current context where product ratings have become of primary importance to make decisions. Specifically, this study examines the relative effect of ethical attributes on product evaluations across different product ratings. Building on cue consistency theory and the negativity bias, we suggest that ethical attributes gain weight when consumers evaluate a low-rated product. This process leads consumers to anticipate more warm-glow feelings, generating better evaluations for such low-rated products featuring an ethical attribute (vs. another type of attribute). Two experiments provide consistent empirical support for this prediction, and demonstrate that, compared to other attributes or no attribute, an ethical attribute increases product evaluations to a larger extent when the product received low (vs. higher) ratings. We show that this effect occurs because of warm-glow feelings: when product ratings are low, consumers anticipate more warm-glow feelings from purchasing a product with an ethical attribute (vs. another type of attribute), leading to better product evaluations. These findings have direct managerial and ethical implications for practitioners.     

当前我国植物油籽贸易的特征、发展趋势与对策

当前石油资源日趋枯竭,柴油供需缺口巨大,寻找和开发新的柴油替代能源势在必行。作为生物柴油开发的优质原料,大豆、油菜等植物油籽的国际工业化需求将会大幅上升,国内外油籽价格倒挂的现象将得到改善,我国植物油籽贸易也将出现新的局面。结合贸易自由化的背景,首先分析了目前我国植物油籽贸易的总量特征、产品结构特征及国别特征;其次分别对大豆、油菜籽、花生、芝麻、葵花籽等重点植物油籽产品的贸易特征及未来发展趋势做出了判断;最后针对当前我国植物油籽贸易中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

Implementing Marketing Strategy Through a Market Orientation

The adoption of specific marketing strategies is related to several factors in an organization including the organization's mission, objectives, resources, and market orientation. We report an exploratory study in which we define relationships between market orientation and marketing strategy in a high technology environment - the telecommunications industry in the United States. Market orientation is defined as a culture that influences how employees think and act. Our results indicate that a market orientation provides a context for the implementation of specific marketing strategies by serving as a moderator of operational marketing strategy. For example, those organizations who possess a strong market-oriented culture (high-spirited cultures) engage in value creation strategies such as market segmentation, developing new products/services for new markets, and product or service customisation. Those organizations possessing low market orientations (ineffectual cultures) generally practice less aggressive and internally focused strategies such as charging lower prices, providing limited customer service, product/service standardization, and undertake limited market research.     

劣质柴油加氢精制/异构降凝催化剂的研制及工艺开发

研制了柴油加氢精制/异构降凝催化剂,分别采用大庆石化公司炼油厂焦化柴油及混合油[w(焦化柴油)∶w(催化柴油)=55∶45]为原料,在小型串联加氢评价装置(200 mL)上进行了加氢精制和加氢降凝两种方案的评价。试验结果表明:通过调整工艺参数,可使装置分别按精制和降凝两种方案运行,并且使柴油的各项性质指标均有了大幅度的提高。     

氨法脱硫在硫磺制酸尾气处理中的应用

氨法脱硫是低浓度SO2烟气脱硫方法中较传统的工艺,采用液氨或氨水作为吸收剂,具有脱硫效率高、无环境污染、运行成本低、副产物价值高等特点,可充分利用中国资源丰富的液氨生产市场需求量大的农用硫肥和精细化学品。介绍采用湿式三级氨法脱硫技术处理大型硫磺制酸装置尾气并副产固体亚硫酸铵的基本机理、工艺流程、主要设备和生产应用效果,并指出氨法脱硫在替代传统的钙法脱硫方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

软磁铁氧体用高纯氧化铁红制备新工艺

本文对软磁铁氧体用高纯氧化铁红制备工艺及所用原料进行了分析和比较,提出了以窑尾灰为原料的新工艺,此工艺简单易行,成本低,适合大规模生产;产品质量符合HG/T2574-1994优等品标准.     

Feel the Music! Exploring the Cross-modal Correspondence between Music and Haptic Perceptions of Softness

Haptic softness is a central product attribute for many fabric-related retailers. Can those retailers use music—an easy to implement in-store atmospheric cue—to influence consumers’ perception of this central product attribute? Across four studies, this research shows that high (vs. low) music softness enhances consumers’ haptic softness perceptions. We argue that this cross-modal effect occurs owing to a transfer of softness-related associations from the auditory to the haptic modality. To better inform retail practice, we examine three managerially relevant boundary conditions at the product and store levels. Specifically, high music softness increases haptic softness perceptions when (a) the product's haptic quality allows for the sufficient detection of softness, (b) hard flooring is present in the retail environment, and (c) consumers are unaware of music's influence. In terms of practically relevant consequences, we find that enhanced haptic softness perceptions ultimately result in more positive product evaluations like willingness to pay.