知识管理与企业技术创新协同关系研究

知识管理以技术的不断更新为进程,由一系列系统的方法和手段支撑技术创新工作。技术创新深化知识管理的内涵,同时也促进知识管理系统的进化和发展。研究知识管理与技术创新的关系,对于企业如何发挥知识管理的作用,完善技术创新体系具有重要意义。本文从两者协同互动的角度,分析两者之间的关系,揭示知识管理与技术创新的协同关系模式。以模型为基础,分别研究知识管理对企业技术创新的导向作用以及技术创新对知识管理的正反馈作用。研究表明,知识管理与技术创新是企业核心能力形成的管理手段与创新行为,通过企业的学习机制相互融合与影响。因此,企业应结合技术创新的规律,形成系统的知识管理模式,并利用创新体系的反馈机制提高知识管理水平。     

支持动态能力的企业技术创新体系研究

企业面临的环境是不断演进变化的,需要持续的技术创新与动态环境相匹配进而获得持续的竞争优势。从企业动态能力的角度来研究企业的技术创新,强调系统的、动态的、过程的和辩证的观点,在对现有研究成果梳理和整合的基础上,构建了支持动态能力的企业技术创新体系,研究了基于技术积累的企业动态技术创新能力形成过程、基于SWOT分析的企业动态技术创新能力提升机理、基于生命周期的企业动态技术创新能力提升机理,分析了企业技术创新与其网络各要素之间的关系,构建了支持动态能力的企业技术创新体系,以指导企业技术创新活动。     

开放式创新视阈下创新生态系统核心企业价值网络演进路径研究

作为创新生态系统的领导者,明晰核心企业在开放式创新情境下的价值网络演进路径,对系统内各主体企业获取互补性资源,进而促进系统整体创新能力提升意义重大,但现有相关文献鲜见。基于扎根理论,运用多案例研究方法,选取4家样本企业进行分析,聚焦知识、资源和技术等创新要素,探究核心企业在开放式创新模式下的价值网络演进路径并构建相关模型。结果发现,创新生态系统核心企业在构建“线—面—体”价值网络过程中,一般采取资源简构、资源拼凑和资源整合等模式获取所需资源,并通过能力强化、能力重构和能力拓展等方式增强其巩固知识、资源及技术的能力。结论不仅丰富了特定背景下价值网络理论和开放式创新理论,而且可为创新生态系统核心企业通过优化创新路径实现高效创新提供科学的决策参考依据。     

企业的知识创造及情报服务

本文根据若干知识经济的论著，对四种类型的知识从认识论角度来对比说明其明晰知识和隐含知识的特点，着重说明企业也是人类知识，尤其是隐含知识的重要来源，企业在知识传播与利用、在技术的投资及技术创新中具有的重要作用；最后提到，知识经济中，知识的生产、传播与交流形成了知识网络，并与技术创新的网络结构相一致。促进创新需要各行动者——企业、实验室、研究机构及消费者之间的联系，这种联系和企业的竞争又促使以信息分析为基础的商业情报服务业的发展。     

基于超循环理论的企业创新网络形成与演化机理研究

本文在超循环理论的基础上,分析了企业创新网络演化的基因和复制酶等生命特征,认为创新网络的形成像生命的起源一样,也是超循环的结果,是以自组织的方式进行的,具有自组织、自增进、相互增进和协同进化等特点,探究了企业创新网络的形成和演化机理,为做好创新网络的治理,促进创新网络的良性循环,提高企业技术创新能力提供理论分析依据。     

产学研合作创新网络演进过程及其主体知识传递模式探究

产学研合作创新网络的演进过程以及合作创新主体特性与知识传递模式,都将影响到产学研合作创新的效果。分析了产学研合作创新主体在网络形态下的基本特性;从学习方式转变的角度,剖析了产学研合作创新网络演进的一般过程;结合产学研合作创新网络演进过程中主体间信任关系的变化,探究了合作创新主体知识传递模式的演变。认为合作创新网络主体特性促进了主体间的知识传递;知识传递模式的演变以信任为基础,并与产学研合作创新网络演进过程相关,且在不同阶段体现出知识传递主导模式的差异。     

基于知识流的技术创新进化

从熊彼特技术创新思想出发，揭示了演进经济理论的进化思想对分析技术创新的意义，提出了技术创新进化的观点，探讨了社会互动与技术创新进化的内在关系。随着知识经济的到来，知识成为创新制胜的关键，知识流本身内涵着群体的社会互动。在A—U模型的基础上探讨了基于知识流的技术创新进化模式。     

企业网络能力与技术创新——基于跨组织知识管理的实证研究

本文从企业网络能力对技术创新的影响机制展开分析,引入跨组织知识管理,提出了企业网络能力、跨组织知识管理与技术创新三者之间的关系假设.通过问卷调查和结构方程模型分析,对我国企业网络能力如何影响技术创新的问题进行了实证研究.研究结果表明,网络能力的结构对跨组织知识管理有积极影响,跨组织知识管理的结构对技术创新有显著的正向影响.本文认为,对于处于社会网络之中的企业而言,通过提升自身的网络能力,建立和优化内外网络关系,加强与其他组织之间的合作,实现跨组织知识管理不失为一条新的创新路径.     

企业网络创新中的知识共享机带——丰田汽车的案例

本文指出，促进分工的企业网络，必然有利于克服知识产品的市场失灵问题，推动知识在企业间的转移和转换。重点分析了日本企业“系列”，认为是一种以相互持股为基本特征的企业网络，在其中是与主流经济学竞争范式不同的不标准竞争。接着以案例的形式，分析丰田汽车生产方式中提高企业网络中技术创新能力和企业绩效的知识共享机制。得出结论：日本企业网络拓展了企业学习的来源，促进了知识在网络内的共享以及进一步的创新，因而在一定的条件下具有很高的效率，值得我国企业在推动自主创新的过程中学习和借鉴。     

外部知识搜索对制造企业技术创新的影响——知识协奏能力的中介作用与创新意愿的调节作用

知识是企业技术创新的基础，企业不仅要搜索外部知识，还应具备知识协奏能力。基于知识基础理论和资源协奏理论，将外部知识搜索分为搜索宽度和搜索深度两个维度，探讨二者对企业技术创新的影响，并研究知识协奏能力的中介作用和创新意愿的调节作用。结果表明，搜索宽度和搜索深度均对知识协奏能力有显著正向影响，知识协奏能力对企业技术创新有显著正向影响，且知识协奏能力分别在搜索宽度、搜索深度与企业技术创新之间起部分中介作用。此外，创新意愿在知识协奏能力与企业技术创新之间起调节作用。结论揭示了外部知识搜索对企业技术创新的内在作用机理，可为制造企业知识协奏能力和技术创新水平提升提供理论支持。     

从均衡走向演化--经济学范式的演进

均衡与演化的思想很早就共生于经济思想史中。自亚当·斯密以来,经济学深受物理学的影响,一直被均衡思想和范式所支配,并由此建立了以均衡分析为核心的经济分析体系;进入20世纪80年代后,演化思想又促使人们在主流经济体系之外发展起来了经济演化理论。本文旨在对均衡和演化这两大截然不同的经济范式的演进进行剖析,从中我们不难看出:从均衡走向演化的范式变迁折射着两种经济思想交锋的历程和对以新古典经济学为代表的主流经济分析模式的超越。     

Evolution of the Masters in Economics

In this article, the authors update their previous study of terminal master's degree in economics programs to determine whether changes in the characteristics and students or the desired outcomes of master's programs have occurred during the decade between the two studies. The authors find that there are now fewer programs and on average, there has been a reduction in rigor in terms of degree requirements. They also find some evidence for increased diversity of faculty in these programs. The average number of students in programs remained about the same over the decade, but the average number of faculty serving these students decreased. While some differences are found, overall the authors conclude that master's in economics programs have not dramatically changed over the past 10 years.     

The Evolution of the Social Contract

Two transitions in the evolution of the social contract are considered, the first from the dominance hierarchies of the great apes (used as a proxy for our prehuman ancestors) to the egalitarian political structure of non-sedentary hunter-gatherer bands, and the second, to the reintroduction of hierarchical institutions of governance, primarily a result of living in fixed settlements after the inception of agriculture. The first transition was a product of biological and cultural evolution, which brought about big brains, language, higher consciousness, and a lower rate of time preference that enabled early man to sustain an egalitarian social contract and thereby escape the domination that confronted his prehuman ancestors. The second transition was a product of cultural evolution alone. The high costs of enforcing the hunter-gatherer social contract caused it to break down and be replaced by hierarchy when the domestication of plants and animals gave rise to a sedentary existence and increased populations. However, it is shown that the very biological and cultural adaptations that made hunter-gatherer egalitarianism possible were a necessary foundation for the spontaneous creation of complex culture and the evolution of institutions that would once again eventually make freedom possible and economic prosperity possible.     

演化与人的本性

本文从生物演化的角度,分析了经济学中偏好、信念和理性的形成和演化特点,揭示了人类经济行为的生物学基础。     

Early Evolution of the Assumption of Non-satiation

The paper explores the mostly tacit transmission of the assumption of non-satiation from the outset of classical political economy to the advent of marginal analysis in Great Britain. The evolution of the assumption is traced back to contributions to the philosophy of mind in the early British enlightenment, which provided scientific ground not only to the economic agent's insatiable nature but also to a delusional dynamic of association that challenges the causality between acquisitiveness and pleasure. The paper claims that, because there is evidence that such delusional aspect was known to the early political economists, the assumption of non-satiation might have become a mainstay in economics not only for its scientific status but also as a result of a strategic choice that can only be explained within the political, cultural, and social context in which it was made. Had this been the case, the exportability of the assumption through time and space must be further questioned. The consistent inclusion of non-satiation in economic theories, policies, and institutions may have had extraordinary consequences, and may have nurtured rational behaviors that in fact fulfill the assumption itself.     

Achievement Bias in the Evolution of Preferences

Currently, economists' models of the evolutionary selection of utility function parameters are generally based on two assumptions. First, it is assumed that utility parameters must serve Darwinian fitness, in the sense that individuals who maximize utility are also maximizing their biological survivability. Second, it is assumed that utility parameters accurately reflect well-being, in the sense that individuals who maximize utility also maximize their happiness. However, there is a large literature in anthropology, biology, and psychology suggesting that these two assumptions may not be warranted. Focusing on utility and happiness, the paper uses models of cultural selection to show that there is no guarantee that our evolved preference must be the preferences that maximize our happiness. Instead, there are plausible mechanisms of cultural selection that will allow immiserating preferences to persist in steady state equilibrium. These mechanisms are generally related to the concept of social achievement: those who achieve more in society will have a greater influence on the utility parameters of the next generation, and this influence is independent of the achievers' well-being. Thus, a preference is more likely to survive if it satisfies some mix of achievement goals and happiness goals, rather than just happiness goals alone. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Coordinated Punishment and the Evolution of Cooperation

In this paper, we analyze a team trust game with coordinated punishment of the allocator by investors and where there is also a final stage of peer punishment. We study the effect of punishment on the reward and the investment decisions, when the effectiveness and cost of coordinated punishment depend on the number of investors adhering to this activity. The interaction takes place in an overlapping‐generations model with heterogeneous preferences and incomplete information. The only long‐run outcomes of the dynamics are either a fully cooperative culture (FCC) with high levels of trust and cooperation and fair returns or a non‐cooperative culture with no cooperation at all. The basin of attraction of the FCC is larger; the higher the institutional capacity of coordinated punishment, the higher the level of peer pressure and the smaller the individual cost of coordinated punishment.