企业实施多元化战略的价值链分析

企业核心竞争力是企业价值链分析主要研究的问题,面对多元化的市场需求和消费者需求,企业实施多元化的经营战略有利于企业规模集团化,提升顾客价值;运用多元化经营战略的价值链分析企业内部经营各环节因素,有利于在企业转型过程中,确定产品、市场,优化企业价值链,提升企业核心竞争力。     

Market orientation practices enhancing corporate environmental performance via knowledge creation: Does environmental management system implementation matter?

The academic literature on environmental management has provided extensive insights into the determinants of corporate environmental performance. However, few empirical studies have explored whether and how three core components of corporate market orientation (i.e., customer orientation, competitor orientation, and interfunctional coordination) affect environmental performance. Building on institutional theory and the absorptive capacity perspective, this study investigates the relationships among market orientation, knowledge creation, and environmental performance, as well as the moderating effects of environmental management system implementation. On the basis of survey data from 237 Chinese manufacturing firms, we used hierarchical multiple regression analyses to test the hypotheses. The findings indicate that knowledge creation completely mediates the influence of competitor orientation on environmental performance and partially mediates the influence of customer orientation and interfunctional coordination on environmental performance. In addition, environmental management system implementation positively moderates the relationship between knowledge exchange and environmental performance.     

Market Orientation and FIRMS' Environmental Innovation: The Moderating Role of Environmental Attitude

Drawing on market orientation theory, innovation theory and the theory of reasoned action, this paper integrates market orientation, environmental attitude and firms' environmental innovation into a model to establish a relationship among these three variables. By taking 247 manufacturing firms in China as the research sample and by analyzing the data using SPSS19.0, we found that customer and competitor orientation have a significant and positive impact on firms' environmental innovation, while the effect of inter‐functional coordination is not significant. Furthermore, environmental attitude plays a positive moderating role between customer orientation and firms' environmental innovation, as well as between competitor orientation and firms' environmental innovation. Finally, the results of the study are discussed, and the theoretical and practical significance of this study is clarified further. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Applying the marketing concept to cultural organisations: an empirical study of the relationship between market orientation and performance

A recent trend in nonprofit organisations is an emphasis on business management and concepts. This paper examines the application of the marketing concept to nonprofit arts organisations through an analysis of the relationship between market orientation and organisational performance. Data were collected from arts organisations in two large Canadian cities, and a structural equations model was developed to test the impact of marketing activities and culture on three performance variables (customer satisfaction, peer reputation and resource attraction). The analysis shows that the model fits the data well and that six hypotheses pertaining to the relationship between market orientation and organisational performance were supported. The study concludes that those organisations that implemented more market‐driven activities into their marketing plans were more likely to develop a market‐oriented internal culture. A market‐oriented culture not only predicted a growth in resources and higher levels of customer satisfaction, but also a growth in reputation among peers. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications     

The effects of market orientation and service innovation on service industry performance: An empirical study

This study examines how market orientation affects a firm’s service innovation and consequently, the firm’s market and financial performance. The findings indicate that if a firm uses customer orientation, the firm is more likely to adopt incremental service innovation, while if a firm uses competitor orientation, the firm is more likely to adopt radical service innovation. Finally, incremental and radical service innovations lead to greater market performance and in turn, better financial performance.     

企业科技文化的维度分析

文章结合文化维度理论对企业科技文化的维度结构进行了界定,企业科技文化由五个维度构成,包括:市场倾向、时间倾向、人本倾向、风险态度、合作协调。同时文章结合企业科技文化的建设需要,探讨了现代企业科技文化维度上的合理选择与定位。包括以市场为中心、长期利益向导、以人为中心、鼓励冒险、集体主义。     

The role of service innovation in the market orientation—new service performance linkage

While most academics generally agree that innovation plays the mediating role between market orientation and new product/service performance, relatively little research has examined how each component of market orientation contributes to new service performance through various types of service innovation. Based on a survey of 235 managers and taking a component-wise approach, this study finds that customer orientation spurs incremental service innovation while inter-functional coordination spurs radical service innovation, both of which, in turn, enhance new service performance. A surprise finding shows that the impact of competitor orientation on new service performance is fully mediated by radical service innovation. The results of this study should help market oriented managers create and evaluate service innovation.     

Cognitive Inertia in a Turbulent Market: the Case of UK Residential Estate Agents

Recently, a number of researchers seeking to develop cognitive approaches for understanding processes associated with the development and implementation of competitive positioning strategies have drawn attention to the notion of ‘cognitive inertia’. Once established, there is a danger that actors may become overly dependent on their mental models of competitive space, to the extent that they fail to notice changes in the material conditions of their business environment, until these changes have become so widespread, or significant in other ways, that their organization's capacity for successful adaptation has been seriously undermined. While there have been several anecdotal accounts of cognitive inertia reported in the literature, and a number of researchers have explored processes of cognitive change in organizations more generally, to date there have been virtually no studies published which have investigated this phenomenon specifically within the domain of competitor assessment. This paper reports one such investigation, a longitudinal field study which explored the extent to which actors' mental models of competitive space in the UK residential estate agency (real estate) industry, an industry characterized by high volatility in recent years, remained stable or changed over time. An initial sample of 208 respondents from 58 firms completed detailed questionnaires at the onset of the recent recession in the UK property market. The questionnaires were designed to elicit the respondents' perceptions of their own organization and various competitors on a number of key dimensions. A sub-sample of 114 respondents from 41 firms returned a further set of completed questionnaires, 12 to 18 months later, when the recession had become deeply established. The findings are entirely consistent with the cognitive inertia hypothesis. The results indicate that the respondents' individual and collective cognitions remained highly stable, despite a significant down-turn in the property market from T1 to T2.     

An empirical investigation on the role of market orientation in church participation

• In recent years, the concept of market orientation has become an attractive avenue for research in marketing. Despite an array of applications of market orientation in the context of religious organisations, an empirical examination of the role of market orientation in affecting church participation remains limited. The purpose of this research is to develop and test a model that explains the role of market orientation in a church participation context. Data were collected from a particular church denomination in Australia using a self-administered questionnaire. This yielded a useable sample of 344. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity and reliability of the measures, while structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that market orientation is significantly related to church participation. Further, competitor orientation was found to be negatively associated with church participation. These findings suggest that it is important for church leaders to: (1) understand the needs of church members (customer orientation), (2) ensure that the various ministries in the church are perceived as delivering significant value by its members (interfunctional coordination), and (3) ensure that the range of ministries offered by the church is not perceived as the strategic tools to compete with other churches (competitor orientation), but rather as the means to serve its members effectively.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Questioning the relevance of supplier satisfaction for preferred customer treatment: Antecedent effects of comparative alternatives and multi-dimensionality

Through the construct of supplier satisfaction, recent research explains the supplier's preferred treatment of a given customer. This cause-and-effect phenomenon is often not contrasted with other reasons or controlled for. This work addresses this issue and uses two tactics to elaborate upon social exchange theory, namely, construct splitting and construct contrasting, to analyse the development of preferential customer treatment. For this purpose, a structural equation model is used with data from the international automotive industry. The results extend the breadth of constructs explaining preferred customer treatment (PCT) and challenge the existing reasoning by questioning the relative importance of supplier satisfaction. While supplier satisfaction does affect PCT, the relative supplier satisfaction defined as a comparison of outcomes between the actual and the best alternative business relationships influences PCT much more.Furthermore, by distinguishing between the economic and non-economic dimensions of supplier satisfaction, the study indicate that economic satisfaction has a higher influence on the relative satisfaction whereas social satisfaction a higher one on absolute supplier satisfaction.These findings imply that despite the current debate about the importance of behavioural constructs such as supplier interaction and social capital, supplier resource allocation decisions are actually dominated by economic and relative aspects of satisfaction. This outcome calls for a more economically driven debate about behavioural supply management approaches.     

A Cognitive Perspective on the Business Case for Corporate Sustainability

This paper proposes that a cognitive perspective on corporate sustainability and competitiveness might allow new insights into the question of the business case. The paper explores how respondents from 12 firms make sense of their firm's investments in corporate sustainability activities by analyzing the mental models evoked. The interviews showed that a business case perspective emerged as the dominant logic. A subsequent analysis of the content of the knowledge schemas that were elicited surfaced four dimensions of corporate sustainability induced competitive advantages: risk reduction, efficiency gains, brand building and new market creation. An analysis of the structure of these knowledge schemas revealed that respondents from firms with lower perceived sustainability performance drew on less differentiated and less integrated cognitive frameworks (focusing on risk and efficiency). Respondents from firms with higher perceived performance drew on more complex mental models to represent the links between corporate sustainability and competitiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

从面向产品的价值链到面向服务的价值链

随着市场经济的发展,企业间的竞争越来越体现为企业价值链之间的竞争。具有良好目标导向的高效率的价值链必将成为企业竞争的巨大优势。传统的面向产品的价值链已经无法满足市场竞争和企业发展的需要。针对市场的发展趋势,企业应当以面向服务的价值链引导企业经营,体现实现客户价值的理念,实现企业经营的目标。     

间断性服务业顾客忠诚维度及其影响因素

本文以餐饮业为实证对象,对间断性服务业的顾客忠诚问题进行研究与讨论。结果表明,间断性服务业的顾客忠诚可用认知忠诚、情感忠诚和行为忠诚三个维度来刻画,且三个维度之间存在因果关系;影响间断性服务业顾客忠诚的主要因素以及影响程度从大到小依次是顾客满意、服务质量和感知价值;各影响因素对顾客忠诚各维度的影响机理与程度各不相同。并由此得出提升顾客忠诚的若干管理启示,最后指出了进一步研究的方向。     

利丰公司核心扩张模式与供应链策略研究

运用Zook的核心扩张理论,从产品扩张、地理扩张、价值链扩张、通路扩张、顾客扩张和新事业扩张六个方面分析了利丰公司的核心扩张模式,并对利丰公司支持这种核心扩张模式的供应链策略进行了分析。     

新商业环境下成本管理模式的思考

本文借鉴成本企划中的“源流管理”思想,提出了成本管理模式构建的新思路,即“将业务流程看作产品,将对成本的注重加入到业务流程的最初设计中去”,使“源流管理”从产品层面提高到了业务流程层面。本文设计的成本管理模式不再是既有业务流程下的管理方法,而成为以顾客为中心、以重构业务流程为手段、以帮助企业获得“双赢”为最终目的的有利战略工具。     

Offshore Outsourcing: Implications for International Business and Strategic Management Theory and Practice

abstract    In this essay, I discuss the implications of the debate over offshoring for our collective understanding of international business and management theories. I review several core theories in international business expansion and management strategy to assess which elements of these theories may need to be re-specified in light of the offshoring phenomenon and which aspects remain relevant. I then present normative implications and recommendations for public policy and corporate strategy, drawing from emerging insights regarding the global responsibilities of corporations. I suggest that international labour and environmental standards and corporate codes of conduct could mitigate some of the most intense concerns raised about offshoring but conclude that offshoring is likely to present challenges to societies, corporations, and stakeholders for many decades.     

The role of employee preferences and organizational culture in explaining e-commerce orientations

Culture has always been a cornerstone variable in the study of international business subjects. Several authors have dealt with the concept of culture and its dimensions. Among these Hall's (1981/1976) proposal of high- versus low-context cultures still stands as an important subject matter to be explored. This study is an attempt to explore the significance of high- versus low-context orientation and its implications for communications. Further, strategic orientation of the firm in terms of e-commerce adoption is explored within the framework of high- versus low-context organizational cultures and the internationalization and technological orientation level of the firm. A survey was conducted with 525 employees and managers working in financial services and textile manufacturing firms. Results supported the hypotheses that high- versus low-context values and perceptual and demographic characteristics of employees influence attitudes towards e-communication. Organizational culture regarding high- versus low-context practices, firm's internationalization and technological orientation levels influence the e-commerce adoption at a strategic level.     

Human resource strategy for the new ICT-driven business context

The influence of technology developments on the content and arrangement of work is a recurring theme in many publications. Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) are reshaping internal organizational design and necessitate new types of employee capabilities and behaviour. As will be illustrated, ICT developments create a heightened level of business and market dynamics. Arguably, these dynamics affect the required capabilities and behaviour of employees even more strongly. Similarly, the way businesses are operating, and customer, supplier and business partner relationships are formed, is also affected by the rapid ICT progress. Key drivers shaping the new business context will be addressed. This paper argues that the trends and developments illustrated necessitate revision of traditionally held beliefs and paradigms. Said revision has important implications for the strategy and management of human resources, whereby the focus on employee behaviour is crucial. Two key aspects of a human resource strategy will be discussed, identified as HR alignment and HR enablement. With the focus on employee behaviour, attention should be given to the organizational context, since this context determines employee behaviour. Said context is defined by organizational culture, management practices and various organizational structures and systems. In view of the necessary organizational change associated with the developments illustrated, the importance of consistency and coherence between the elements of the organizational context is stressed. Establishing change under conditions of consistency and coherence is therefore identified as a crucial organizational competence.     

国有商业银行战略转型：理论框架与路径选择

国有商业银行面临的国内外经营环境和金融生态环境已发生深刻的变化,国有商业银行迫切需要重新审视自身的经营战略,进行再次定位,战略转型势在必行。国有商业银行应立足国内外经济金融形势,结合商业银行发展格局,明确差异化的市场定位和客户定位,重筑组织架构,进行结构调整,加速国际化进程,推进银行业务和盈利渠道的多元化,最终实现从本土的、单一的融资中介向国际化、全能型的国民财富管理银行转变。     

基于“三维视角”的现代企业员工培训模式创新

从市场变化、企业发展、员工需求三个维度对企业员工培训模式的实施过程进行阐述,分析企业员工中最高领导层、人力资源部、职能部门和员工的四种角色,从培训与开发的核心、理念、目标和模式等四方面提出了员工培训体系的创新。