Business Services as a Production Factor

Based on the assumption that business services are influential production factors, an empirical analysis of the relation between business service inputs and production output in user sectors is carried out. Danish data from 52 manufacturing and service sectors covering the period 1970-95 are applied in the analysis. A sectoral dimension is introduced by dividing the 52 sectors into eight sectoral groupings and then allowing the slopes of the different variables included in the model to vary between the eight groups. The empirical analysis offers some support to the assumption that business services can have an effect comparable to traditional production factors, although this only applies to service sectors, and, partly, to low-knowledge manufacturing.     

Ambiguity Acceptance as a Function of Project Management: A New Critical Success Factor

This research examines the relationship between ambiguity acceptance and customer and organizational outcomes within the Six Sigma improvement project context. Results find a curvilinear relationship between open communication and customer outcomes for project leaders. Results of multiple regression find a significant positive relationship between open communication and organization outcomes, as well as a significant positive relationship between ambiguity acceptance and customer and organizational outcomes for team leaders, while there is a significant positive relationship between ambiguity acceptance and customer and organizational outcomes for team members. Theoretical and practical implications are examined.     

城镇化功能发展模式研究

城镇化在演变的过程中伴随着各个功能的转变,其中基础设施、经济功能、技术功能、社会功能、生态功能是按递阶渐进的过程来发展。本文根据城镇化功能定位,提出了依据功能支撑的城镇化发展模式,并结合西安市城镇化情况,分别论述了西安市长安区的动力机制模式、高陵县推阻机制模式和蓝田县的实现机制模式。     

带时滞的生产函数研究

理论上讲，生产函数中的解释变量是资本和劳动力，它们都是存量。由于我国没有统计资本存量的数据，而在生产函数中就使用投资这一流量代替资本。显然，这样不得已的处理是有问题的。即使使用估算的资本，也存在着问题。因为当年的资本不仅当年发挥作用，而且在以后各年也发挥作用。对此，本文提出带时滞的生产函数，并且发展了产出弹性。     

Measuring Scale Efficiency from a Translog Production Function

In parametric analysis based on a frontier production function, usually the scale elasticity rather than scale efficiency level is reported. In this paper we show how one can use an estimated translog production function to obtain output- and input-oriented measures of scale efficiency at an observed input bundle. We also show how the estimated model can be used to determine the optimal quantity of labor input for an exogenously fixed quantity of capital.     

A Stochastic Frontier Production Function with Flexible Risk Properties

This paper considers a stochastic frontier production function which has additive, heteroscedastic error structure. The model allows for negative or positive marginal production risks of inputs, as originally proposed by Just and Pope (1978). The technical efficiencies of individual firms in the sample are a function of the levels of the input variables in the stochastic frontier, in addition to the technical inefficiency effects. These are two features of the model which are not exhibited by the commonly used stochastic frontiers with multiplicative error structures.An empirical application is presented using cross-sectional data on Ethiopian peasant farmers. The null hypothesis of no technical inefficiencies of production among these farmers is accepted. Further, the flexible risk models do not fit the data on peasant farmers as well as the traditional stochastic frontier model with multiplicative error structure.     

技术变迁对城市化路径的作用机制研究

论文从技术变迁的视角来研究城市化,分析技术变迁对城市化的作用机制,探索在技术变迁的推动下形成的城市化路径.首先从城市化的一般机理入手,不断深入研究城市跟农村技术进步以及二者之间的技术转移对城市化的作用机制.不同的技术变迁方式会形成不同的城市化均衡路径,比较城市化实际路径与均衡路径的区别,论证技术变迁对城市化质量的决定作用,同时也为我国新农村建设战略提供理论支持,我国在城市化过程中存在着很多问题,要解决这些问题必须依靠新农村建设,提高农村的技术水平.     

基于等效益面生产函数的全要素生产率与技术进步贡献率

一个评价单元的等效益面生产函数是这个单元的技术效率与前沿面生产函数之积。在这一定义之下，本文证明了全要素生产率的改变就是等效益面生产函数的相对垂直移动。由此，在假设规模效益不变的情况下，可将一个评价单元的经济增长量分解为三个要素的代数和。这三个要素分别是：技术进步、技术效率的改善和投入量增加的贡献。在此时间离散型分解式的基础上，根据这些要素的不同变化情况，进一步给出了技术进步贡献率的测算方法。这种测算方法既可以评价各生产单元的单期技术进步贡献率，也可以测算它们在一个周期上的技术进步贡献率。基于等效益面生产函数上的关于经济增长的代数分解式与技术进步贡献率的定义均具有明显的几何意义。     

沥青混合料生产质量稳定性分析

本文主要依托高速公路铣刨修复专项养护工程,通过对专项养护工程施工中沥青混合料质量检测,总结出沥青混合料生产质量通病并提出改进建议。     

Total Factor Productivity Growth and Technical Change in a Profit Function Framework

This paper develops a framework for measuring and decomposing TFP changes, within the parametric approach, by using directly the estimated parameters of a profit function. Two alternative relationships are derived for measuring and decomposing TFP changes via a profit function based on two alternative definitions of the rate of technical change, i.e., input- and output-based. Initially a long-run equilibrium framework is assumed and then the analysis is extended to the case of temporary equilibrium. The latter framework is applied to US agriculture by estimating a translog profit function and analyzing TFP changes during the period 1948–1994.     

新疆生产建设兵团棉花生产的因子分析模型

棉花是新疆生产建设兵团(以下简称"兵团")最重要的经济作物,其年产量约占新疆的1/2,全国的1/6,棉花生产是兵团农业经济的支柱。发展棉花生产对于提高兵团职工收入、维护边疆稳定、促进边疆经济发展很重要。本文应用SPSS软件对影响兵团棉花产量各个原因进行数据分析,建立因子分析模型,找出影响兵团棉花生产的主要因素,并分析存在的问题,有针对性地提出一些建议。     

Experiences of Presence as a Key Factor Toward Sustainability Leadership

In the current article, we describe how individual experiences of presence may be a key factor in giving birth to the kind of leadership that enables deep sustainability. The empirical data come from two studies of the same theme: (a) an international action research project about Waking Up Moments at Work and (b) a Finnish phenomenographical study about experiences of presence. Both studies address the generative qualities of waking up or presence, suggest the value of such experiences as catalysts for inner shifts in human consciousness, and begin to explore how this may be a core component of developing leaders' potential for contributing to sustainability.     

The Myth of Absolute Abundance: Economic Development as a Shift in Relative Scarcities

A bstract . Scarcity lies at the heart of economic science. Scarcity and abundance are dialectical terms Rowing into each other by imperceptible degrees. They are always relative. While absolute abundance in terms of both internal and external factors is an unattainable dream, life would be extinguished long before absolute scarcity is reached. At any point in time, people can be placed between these two extremes. Such a position of relative scarcity can be either close to the subsistence level or to relative plenty at a high standard of living. Economists of a pessimistic breed fear that pressure of population on subsistence will lead to equilibrium at a subsistence level or even to eventual extinction unless the rate of population growth and resource use are checked. Optimists believe that technological advance will continue to provide an offset to diminishing returns and that human institutions will respond to pressures of scarcities in constructive ways. Some implications of these attitudes for economic development are analyzed within a framework of the theory of discontent.     

Total Factor Productivity Growth and Urbanization Economies: A Case of Indian Industries

Based on panel data for fifteen major states in India, this paper provides evidence in favor of the existence of urbanization economies. In eleven of seventeen two-digit industry groups, total factor productivity growth is responsive to urban population or industrial spread. Although the impact of these variables taken to capture agglomeration economies on total factor productivity growth is not monotonic, economic policy would yield a sub-optimal outcome by ignoring the positive effect of the size factor. Urban population or industrial spread benefits firms by possibly improving the quality of labor and enhancing the productive utilization of resources.     

现代村规民约在新型城镇化建设中的德育功能探析

本文通过对新型城镇化建设中农民德育面临的共性问题的分析,提倡借助村规民约以及道德约束这只无形的手,建立由政府主导,将社会主义核心价值观教育融入新时期农民德育教育的新模式,以思想政治教育的内化作用助推村规民约的实效性,将法治与德制完美结合,推动城乡一体化和谐发展。     

C-D生产函数的一个重要性质

生产函数是经济学中一个极为重要的概念,它描述经济系统中各种投入要素同产出之间的函数关系,在宏观和微观经济分析中具有重要的作用。C-D生产函数,由于能够反映边际产量递减、边际替代递减、规模报酬不变这些重要的经济特性,因而获得了广泛的应用。除此以外,C-D生产函数获得如此广泛的应用,还有其深刻的原因。本文从经济变量的分布规律出发,在理论上证明:C-D生产函数是惟一能使均方估计误差达到最小的生产函数,而其他生产函数,例如CES生产函数、超越对数型生产函数等,都不具有这一性质。     

基于双折减系数法的边坡稳定性分析

为了探讨双折减系数法在边坡稳定性分析中的具体应用,依据一工程实例,利用有限差分软件FLAC-3D,采用自编强度折减法求解边坡达极限平衡状态时的不同折减系数组合和相应的安全系数。探讨了采用不同安全系数定义方式对边坡安全系数计算的影响规律,结果表明,双折减系数法较传统折减法更能反映边坡的渐进破坏过程,可为工程技术人员进行边坡设计和施工提供有益参考。     

城镇化背景下校友资源对高职教育的促进作用研究

本文从开发校友资源对构建校友文化的重要性和必要性入手,探讨了开发与共享校友资源,构建校友文化的措施与途径。