合并会计报表的若干问题探讨

为了满足我国企业集团发展的需要,规范我国上市公司合并会计报表的编报,财政部于1995年初发布并实施了<合并会计报表暂行规定>.迄今为止,合并会计报表的理论和方法经历了许多变化,我国关于合并报表的规定也同样面临着修订和完善.本文论述了合并会计报表的几种方法,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了合并会计报表中的若干需进一步完善的方面.     

关于统筹做好铁路多种经营企业合并会计报表工作的探索

合并会计报表,是反映母公司和其全部子公司形成的企业集团整体财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的会计报表,其主要使用者是企业集团的股东和债权人。以铁路多种经营企业而言,由于企业之间投资关系复杂,合并会计报表数据处理量大、时间紧,如何及时、准确地编制合并会计报表,是铁路财会部门一项重要课题。根据合并会计报表工作的总体要求,结合铁路多种经营企业合并会计报表存在问题,笔者对合并会计报表编制工作进行了统筹规划,从理顺投资关系、明确合并范围、报表系统分类、岗位分工协作、定期评价成效等方面,以及现行企业合并会计报表工作一些关键点的处理方法进行了相应的探索。     

企业集团合并报表中“长期投资”问题的探索

目前,我国企业集团按照财政部(95)财会字第11号《合并会计报表暂行规定》编制合并会计报表。对于股权关系复杂的企业集团编制合并会计报表问题,《合并会计报表暂行规定》中未明确规定。本文结合案例,对股权关系复杂的企业集团合并会计报表中存在的问题及处理方法进行探讨。     

基于决策有用性的企业收购合并会计报表改进思考

本文首先对新会计准则下企业收购合并会计报表编制的变化和影响进行了详细的说明,通过案例论述了当前企业收购合并会计报表编制的意义,提出了基于决策有用性的企业收购合并会计报表改进措施,包括改进企业合并会计方法、明确合并范围的计算方法,最后提出了相关配套措施。     

报告期内增减子公司审计中的重点、难点问题分析北大核心

在对集团公司年度会计报表审计时,当子公司的会计报表金额审定后,就可以对合并会计报表进行审计了。对于以前年度一直存续的子公司,企业编制合并报表一般不容易出错,编制方法也相对简单：合并会计报表的合并期间是一个完整的会计年度,企业把经审计的单体报表项目和金额过入合并工作底稿。在上一年度合并抵销分录的基础上,依据本年度会计业务的新变化,对上年度的合并抵销分录进行适当修改后,替换成本年度的内容和金额,合并会计报表就可以顺利编制完成了。     

合并会计报表编制方法的探讨

财政部《合并会计报表暂行规定》已发布实施近三年,“合并会计报表”的具体会计准则征求意见稿也早已公开征求意见,那么会计实务中合并会计报表的编制究竟如何呢？带着这个问题,笔者走访了一些合并会计报表编制单位,发现合并会计报表编制中存在许多问题,如果能对合并会计报表进行一些改进,对解决这些问题大有裨益。一、我国现行合并会计报表的编制为了说明我国现行合并会计报表的编制方法,现举一实例:假设母公司１月１日以６,７００元购买子公司７０%股权,当时子公司实收资本６,０００元,资本公积２,２００元,未分配利润８００元;本期母公司…     

合并会计表与个别会计报表关系探讨

本文主要分为两个部分,合并会计报表常用方法,合并会计表与个别会计报表的关系.     

成本法下合并会计报表的编制

随着我国经济的不断发展,合并会计报表也成为发展趋势,在实际合并中仍存在着一些问题,本文阐述了成本法下合并会计报表的编制方法,希望能够给企业的会计报表编制提供参考.     

合并会计表与个别会计报表关系探讨

本文主要分为两个部分,合并会计报表常用方法,合并会计表与个别会计报表的关系。     

合并会计报表审计技巧

我国许多大型集团公司的合并会计报表合并范围较广,通常包括多个甚至几十个公司的会计报表,有些公司还存在多层投资关系,涉及抵销事项即复杂又繁多,很容易产生合并数据错误,增加了审计工作的难度。在审计实践中,我们可以采用一种即准确又简便的审计方法,即利用合并会计报表与母公司会计报表、各子公司会计报表之间的必然联系,对合并会计报表的主要项目进行复核,来确定合并会计报表数据的正确性。利用“合并投资收益”与“各子公司净利润合计数”的关系来核实投资收益项目抵销的正确性1.确定两者的核对关系。通过合并抵销,子公司的净利润分别…     

Proportional consolidation versus the equity method: A risk measurement perspective on reporting interests in joint ventures

Under Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), firms are required to proportionally consolidate joint venture investments, as opposed to the United States where the equity method is used. Using a sample of Canadian firms, this study investigates the relative information content of equity method and proportionally consolidated financial statement amounts for explaining market risk. This is possible for Canadian firms where detailed footnote disclosures permit the calculation of pro forma equity method amounts. The findings are surprising in that whereas proportionally consolidated financial statements are more risk relevant than equity method statements for explaining price volatility, equity method statements are more risk relevant than proportionally consolidated ones for explaining bond ratings. The findings suggest that different market participants use financial statement information differently. The study also finds that failure to disclose disaggregated joint venture accounting amounts, as is the case under US GAAP, masks information that could help market participants assess risk.     

以企业资源为基础的财务报表体系研究

财务报表是对外传输会计信息的重要载体,随着社会经济的发展和用户需求变化,财务报表体系应当进行不断改进和完善。本文针对现行基于企业资产的财务报表体系的局限性,借鉴企业资源理论,提出基于企业资源的财务报表体系的设想,认为可在现行财务报表体系的基础上增加反映企业能力、资源价值及全面收益的报表。以资源为基础的财务报表体系由资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表、资源权益表、全面收益表、商誉指数及价值变动表构成。其中,资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表为基本报表,资源权益表、全面收益表、商誉指数及价值变动表为扩展报表,并认为应当对基本报表要素和扩展报表要素分别采取不同的确认和计量方法。     

The Many Challenges of Pension Accounting

Accounting for defined benefit pension plans has long been a major issue in accounting. Standard‐setters are grappling with revisions to pension accounting standards, and much change has already occurred in the United Kingdom. This paper identifies and discusses most of the major issues that standard‐setters must confront in developing new approaches to financial reporting for pensions. Key issues concern how to report the impact of changes in assumptions, how to recognize pension costs on the balance sheet and income statement, and how to reconcile the differences between accountants' and actuaries' approaches to pensions. Current standards assume that accounting estimates are independent of actuarial assumptions, and yet require a direct comparison of the accounting liability with the pension plan assets, when in fact they are incompatible measures based on differing assumptions and differing methodologies. As well, accounting has been complicit in managers' wishes to hide the volatility inherent in a pension plan investment strategy that focuses on higher‐risk equities to fund estimated monetary liabilities that have been discounted at low‐risk interest rates. Drawing on studies and research done largely in Europe, this paper attempts to consolidate some of the current thinking on the topic and to propose some preferred approaches to dealing with the problems of pension accounting.     

保险人说明义务之涵义与规范属性辨析

与说明最近之术语有告知、提供、揭示、披露、警示、通知等。关于保险缔约信息提供义务,普遍使用的术语是说明义务、告知义务、资讯提供义务。对说明与告知、说明与信息提供、说明与明确说明相关概念进行语义学辨析,有益于对保险人说明义务之意义认识。对说明义务究属强制性规范或任意性规范、先契约义务或契约义务、主动义务或被动义务之讨论,对说明义务的实务运作具有指导意义。     

日本法上保险人说明义务制度及其启示

日本法上保险人说明义务的法律规制见于《消费者契约法》、《金融商品销售法》和《保险业法》中。日本法上保险人的说明义务制度以保险人对保险契约重要事项的说明及其违反该说明义务的法律后果为核心进行构造,并有保险人消极说明义务和积极说明义务之区分。日本法上保险人说明义务的制度设计对我国保险法上保险人说明义务规制模式的完善具有借鉴意义。     

Using accounting equation analysis to teach the statement of cash flows in the first financial accounting course

Understanding the statement of cash flows requires that students have some knowledge of accrual-basis accounting. This means that coverage of the statement of cash flows is deferred until late in the introductory financial accounting course and related textbooks, a time when student motivation and retention may be waning. The timing of statement of cash flow coverage is unfortunate for two reasons. First, the statement of cash flows is an important topic that all business students need to understand. Second, most students understand cash flows at the start of their financial accounting class, so there is no reason to defer coverage of this topic.This paper describes a user-oriented, pedagogical approach to integrating the statement of cash flows throughout the first financial accounting course. The essence of this approach is the use of an expanded accounting equation with temporary cash accounts corresponding to the major categories on the statement of cash flows. Directly capturing cash flow information simplifies the preparation of the statement of cash flows.     

Internal capital market efficiency and the diversification discount: The role of financial statement comparability

This paper investigates how financial statement comparability affects the efficiency of internal capital markets and diversification discounts in multi‐segment firms through monitoring mechanisms. Previous studies suggest that financial statement comparability improves transparency and reduces the cost of information processing, mitigating information asymmetry between managers and shareholders. Using measures of comparability and internal capital efficiency, we find that financial statement comparability has a strong positive influence on internal capital market efficiency. Further, we find that by improving the efficiency of internal capital markets, financial statement comparability indeed mitigates diversification discounts. Especially, the effect of financial statement comparability is more pronounced for firms with high information asymmetry or operating environment volatility. The results support our arguments that financial statement comparability enhances the efficiency of internal capital markets and increases firm value in diversified firms by mitigating agency problems via monitoring and corporate control mechanisms.     

Bank Relationships and the Value Relevance of the Income Statement: Evidence from Income-Statement Conservatism

Abstract:  This study examines the effects of a firm's debt financing decision on the informativeness of the income statement. This study specifically examines the association between a firm's bank dependence and the value relevance of the income statement by investigating the income-statement conservatism of firms with bank loans. Focusing on relatively small businesses, this study finds that income-statement conservatism, measured as timely loss recognition, is increasing in a firm's bank dependence. This study also finds that the value relevance of the income statement is increasing in a firm's bank dependence. The findings of this paper suggest that the usefulness of the income statement varies with a firm's bank dependence, indicating that the value relevance of the income statement is a function of a firm's debt financing decision. The findings further suggest that bank relationships affect the value relevance of the income statement through their influence on income-statement conservatism.     

Analysing the Statement of Cashflows

Australian public companies have been required to report a statement of cashflows since 30 June 1992. Since then, little has been written on the usefulness of the cashflow statement. This paper suggests some cashflow ratios and explores the usefulness of the statement through a financial analysis of Brash Holdings Ltd. The paper particularly emphasises cashflow ratios derived wholly from the statement of cashflows and suggests that ratios derived in this way are a useful analysis tool. The application to Brash Holdings also serves as a useful pedagogic instrument for financial analysis using cashflow and accrual information.     

Managerial Evaluations of the Relevance of Cash vs Accrual-based Financial Reports in the Australian Food Industry

Many authors have argued that a cashflow statement prepared under the direct method is a superior decision-making tool because it avoids perceived measurement and classification pitfalls associated with conventional accrual-accounting procedures. This article investigates comparative decision-usefulness ratings of the cash flow statement, profit-and-loss statement and balance sheet by a sample of accounting managers and executives. The ratings were further compared against firms' management accounting systems. Results suggest that the cashflow statement may be a complementary source of financial information for managers and may enhance the usefulness of information in accrualbased financial reports and management accounting systems.