影视旅游:旅游目的地营销推广新方式

电影电视中出现的旅游目的地会影响旅游者的旅游兴趣,促成旅游行为。绝大多数现有文献是研究影视旅游对于目的地旅游者数量和对旅游者决策过程的影响和作用,也有探索影视作品对于旅游目的地旅游形象的影响的。由此说明影视旅游是可以作为一种推广旅游目的地的营销新方式。影视旅游之所以成为营销工具,相关旅游地的旅游形象在其中起了重要作用。本文在现有文献理论和实证研究的基础上,分析论述了影视旅游作为营销方式的特点和原理,结合影视作品的拍摄和放映两个阶段,探讨了在每个阶段影视旅游营销工作的重点和形式。     

影视旅游形成、发展机制研究——以山西乔家大院为例

影视作品与旅游业存在着密切的联系。本文全面总结了影视旅游的形式及特征,并在此基础上,对影视旅游作了界定。进一步分析影视旅游的旅游动机,分析了影视旅游对我国旅游业发展的影响,指出影视旅游中值得乡村旅游、体验旅游和旅游宣传借鉴的元素。     

影视旅游研究:一个应有的深度学术关照——20年来国内外影视旅游文献综述

本文通过对20年(1989～2008)来国内外影视旅游文献资料的梳理,发现学界对影视旅游的研究主要集中在影视旅游的形成因素、功能、开发模式、营销、存在问题及对策等方面.对影视旅游研究成果基本上处于初级描述状态,大量文献是一般性"影响研究",深层次的研究较为薄弱;在方法上,定性研究明显多于定量研究.本文认为,随着影视旅游的发展和人们对旅游需求层次的不断提高,影视旅游发展方式和趋势将呈现多元化特征,内容营造和游客参与将凸显主题性和动态性,影视旅游的功能价值将在实践中不断扩展.我国影视旅游研究应该在学术关照上提升水平,今后更应该注重影视旅游与影视文化产业之间的关联度、影视旅游发展对吸引游客之间关联度及影视旅游的开发模式等方面的研究.本文成果对影视旅游研究脉络的把握和推动影视旅游及其产业的健康发展有一定的启示.     

旅游企业社会责任对目的地形象及游客忠诚的影响研究

在旅游市场竞争日趋激烈的背景下,由旅游企业经营所引发的社会责任问题受到广泛关注,但学界关于旅游企业社会责任的影响研究还不够系统和深入.文章将旅游企业社会责任划分为6个方面,将目的地形象划分为认知形象和情感形象两个方面,并构建了旅游企业社会责任对目的地形象及游客忠诚的影响模型.实证研究表明,旅游企业社会责任在目的地形象及游客忠诚形成中发挥非常重要的作用,其中,经济责任、环境责任、游客责任、员工责任和法律责任对认知形象有正向影响,游客责任、员工责任和慈善责任对情感形象有正向影响;认知形象和情感形象不仅对游客忠诚产生直接影响,而且通过游客满意对游客忠诚产生间接作用.相比认知形象,情感形象对游客满意和忠诚的影响作用更大.     

旅游的"符号化"与符号化旅游 --对旅游及旅游开发的符号学审视

旅游的过程是一种符号化的过程.伴随着旅游的大众化和普遍化,旅游符号表象化的危机在悄然滋生并不断加剧.本文运用符号学理论对旅游活动和旅游开发的全过程进行了全面的审视,指出符号化旅游是解决旅游的"符号化"的一把钥匙.借用"前台"、"后台"理论,文章提出了旅游目的地的舞台化空间与文化保护性空间的旅游规划设计及旅游活动模式,为原生文化的演绎及保护提供了理论依据,找到了游客旅游体验及游客行为规范的模式.     

旅游目的地游客满意度及影响因子分析——以西安地区国内市场为例

游客满意度是游客对目的地的期望和到目的地后的实际感知相比较后,所形成的愉悦或失望的感觉状态,在目的地管理及营销中具有重要作用.本文以西安国内市场为例,在构建目的地游客满意度评价指标体系的基础上,通过对抽样调查数据的Co-plot分析和多元回归分析,得出以下结论:游客满意度与期望呈负相关、与实际感知呈正相关;对游客期望进行管理是提高游客满意度的前提;旅游目的地的"软环境"对目的地总体评价影响显著;改善旅游目的地软环境是提高游客满意度的主要措施.     

国内客源市场旅游目的地花费模型的构建——以西安"五一"黄金周为例

影响游客旅游目的地花费水平的因子有游客个体因子及与每次出游相关的因子.本文以西安地区"五一"黄金周国内市场的抽样调查数据为基础,利用SPSS12.0对旅游花费影响因子进行了虚拟回归分析,寻找出国内游客旅游目的地花费的显著影响因子,并构建了旅游花费模型.通过分析得出以下结论:旅游花费影响因子的作用机制不尽相同;不同旅游方式的花费水平差异明显;拓展旅游产品谱系、完善旅游目的地营销系统是提高西安国内游客旅游花费水平的主要手段.     

对旅游目的地可持续性发展的几点看法

随着我国旅游市场的迅速发展,旅游目的地产品开发与营销受到了越来越普遍的重视,新开发的旅游目的地不胜枚举,营销手段日益丰富,其中,影视媒体的积极介入获得了良好的效果,在旅游目的地营销中成功有效地发挥了重大的先导作用,形成了若干新的旅游热点地区.但在火热的旅游目的地旅游盛况中,旅游目的地产品开发、规划和营销中的不足也日益暴露出来,而经济利益的市场导向作用更在一定程度上加剧了各地旅游目的地产品开发中的急功近利行为,对旅游目的地的可持续性发展构成了现实和潜在的威胁.     

"一带一路"旅游合作愿景、难题与机制

据国家旅游局预测,"十三五"时期,中国将为"一带一路"沿线国家输送1.5亿人次中国游客、2000亿美元中国游客旅游消费;同时,我们还将吸引沿线国家8500万人次游客来华旅游,拉动旅游消费约1100亿美元."一带一路"跨越了世界两大主要旅游客源地和旅游目的地,区域国际旅游总量占据了全球的70%以上,目前中国与丝路沿线国家双向旅游交流已超过2500万人次,"一带一路"旅游将成为世界旅游的新增长点.     

旅游者在西安地区的空间活动特征研究

旅游目的地区域游客的空间运行方式是指游客在旅游目的地区域内旅游线路及景点的选择行为方式,主要体现在目的地区域内旅游客流的流向与流量.本文通过对游客在西安地区的空间流向以及各著名景点流量的研究,揭示游客在旅游目的地区域内的空间运行特征,为优化西安地区旅游空间结构提供依据.     

Tourists’ happiness: are there smart tourism technology effects?

The purpose of this study is to develop a research model demonstrating tourists’ value-seeking processes through the tourism services and travel experiences of a destination. The model suggests that tourist happiness is assessed by tourists’ perceived experiences, which are formed by two motivational values: smart tourism technology (STT) and destination value. Despite a large quantity of research attention on destination tourism, the relation between tourists’ destination experience and STT has been less enthusiastically studied. Therefore, this study proposes to test an integrated model with attributes of STTs and destination values that contribute to tourists’ life happiness. The results of this study, from a survey of 191 foreign tourists in Seoul, South Korea, indicate that tourists are likely to put more value on what they perceived from their destination travel experiences than what they perceived from their experiences with STT services when they evaluate their overall happiness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Corporate image and destination image: the moderating effect of the motivations on the destination image of Spain in South Korea

The research objective is to analyse the destination image and corporate image of Spain among the Korean university population. We study the moderating effect of the motivation between two potential groups of tourists, escapers (tourists who travel for relaxation) and seekers (tourists who travel for seeking culture). Information was collected in South Korea via a questionnaire and the data were analysed using structural equation and multi-group analysis. For both groups, the results show that the corporate image has influence on the cognitive component of the destination image, motivation impacts on the cognitive and affective dimensions, and the cognitive component effects the affective component.     

Social contact theory and attitude change through tourism: Researching Chinese visitors to North Korea

Drawing on 34 interviews with Chinese visitors to North Korea, this paper adopts the social contact theory to examine their attitude change through tourism. The paper first examines how Chinese tourists imagine North Korea as a tourism destination prior to their visits. Then the paper focuses on both the regulated and agentive dimensions involved in their travel, asking how individual Chinese tourist negotiates with the externally imposed restrictions to obtain more tourist-host contact. Third, it identifies both positive and negative post-trip attitude changes. In doing so, the paper creates a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of tourism conducted between China and North Korea which are perceived as “friendly” neighbors with conflicts. Apart from offering empirical and policy implications, this paper extends the use of intergroup social contact theory by focusing on a destination with restrictions on tourist-host contact.     

Korean Outbound Tourism: Pre-Visit Expectations of Australia

Abstract

In this study Pearce's “Travel Career Ladder” concept was applied to a sample of South Korean tourists to examine motivations for travel to Australia as a holiday destination. Also, focus group interviews were conducted in Korea to assess visitor expectations, motivations and images of Australia. The initial findings from this study indicate that Koreans are primarily motivated to travel to Australia for the chance to experience natural environmental settings. Some aspects of Australia (e.g., Aboriginal history and culture) are little known in Korea but have the potential to attract Korean visitors. The results of this research may enable more effective marketing to Koreans by providing an insight into the most appropriate promotional content and information sources.     

DISTANCE‐SEGMENTED RURAL TOURISTS

This article uses travel distance to segment rural tourists in a tourist destination in the U.S. Midwest. A distance decay pattern was identified, with more than half of the respondents traveling from a location within 200 miles of the destination. The differences in the socio‐demographic, trip‐related characteristics, and destination activities of these tourists were examined across distinct distance segments. Among other findings, the study revealed that tourists from within a 50‐mile radius participated in most of the activities, and those traveling between 200 and 600 miles made up the majority of business travelers. These two segments also had a higher participation rate in the recreational activities than did the other distance segments. The findings of the study show that simple variables such as distance travel remain viable for destinations, particularly those in the rural area, to understand the tourists for segmentation purpose.     

品牌劫持:旅游目的地形象异化演进过程研究

到访旅游者网络口碑传播对目的地形象有着越来越重要的影响。因此,该研究基于旅游者权力理论,将旅游者视为与DMO一样的能动主体,对应DMO投射形象提出了旅游者投射形象的概念,进而将旅游者对目的地形象的认知过程从原有的单一个体模型拓展到时间阶段和影响主体更为完整的群体网络状模型。研究进一步通过比较到访旅游者和DMO传播对潜在旅游者引致形象形成过程的影响力,提出当旅游者投射形象比DMO投射形象被更多的旅游者所接受时,就会发生品牌劫持现象。文章结合普洛格(Plog)提出的目的地生命周期理论,分析了此种情况之下目的地形象异化的演进过程,并为目的地营销工作的改进提供了具体的建议。     

How will multifaceted trust impact domestic travel during the COVID-19 pandemic and subjective well-being? A comparison between Korea and the US

This study examines the impact of extended tourist trust constructs on domestic travel experiences, subjective well-being, and future travel intention in the pandemic. Data was obtained through a survey conducted on 1181 Korean and American domestic tourists. The results show that policy trust and destination trust have positive effects on travel frequency and satisfaction. Moreover, interactional trust positively impacted travel satisfaction. While both travel frequency and travel satisfaction have positive impacts on subjective well-being of travelers, travel satisfaction has a stronger impact on subjective well-being than travel frequency. However, certain relationships were influenced by national backgrounds (U·S vs. Korea).     

A qualitative pilot study exploring tourists’ pre- and post-trip perceptions on the destination image of Macau

Destination image is never static but is constantly changing under influence from on-site and travel experiences. This qualitative pilot study uses reports gathered during in-depth individual interviews at both the pre- and post-trip stages of travel with 15 independent tourists who visited Macau to compare how destination image can be enhanced in the minds of tourists. The results indicate that tourists’ destination image of Macau became enriched post-trip, after participants encountered the city and its people. The findings suggest that a positive post-trip evaluation of a destination can motivate tourists to revisit the destination, thereby enhancing the destination image.     

On the destination image of Korea by Russian tourists

This study investigates the importance of destination image as a determinant for the choice of a tourist destination. The inbound market examined is Korea while perceptions are captured from current and prospective Russian tourists. Empirical results show that a difference exists between visitors and non-visitors in terms of their perceived image of Korea. The study also finds that the relationship between overall image and loyalty to a destination is statistically significant. Regression results show in particular that Russians with a positive view of Korea are more likely to recommend Korea to others as a tourist destination.     

The role of visa exemption in Chinese tourists’ decision-making: a model of goal-directed behavior

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of visa exemption in tourist decision-making using the extended model of goal-directed behavior (EMGB). Surveys were administered to Chinese tourists interested in traveling to South Korea. The structural equation model indicates that the inclusion of the expectation of tourist visa exemption enhanced Chinese tourists’ behavioral intention. Specifically, positive and negative anticipated emotions, perceived behavioral control, and the notion of a subjective norm were important antecedents of travel intention. Desire was the only significant factor affecting Chinese tourists’ travel intention. This study enhances our understanding of Chinese tourists’ intention to travel to South Korea.