中韩日自由贸易协定(FTA)的可行性及其经济效应

本文首先回顾中韩日对自由贸易协定(FTA)的认识及其政策的转变、以及至今所进行的研究和谈判的进程,在此基础上分析各国的立场及其政策。其次,从短期静态效应和长期动态效应的角度研究FTA将给各国带来的效应与冲击,指出中韩日FTA的经济效应将更多地体现在促进相互贸易及经济增长等长期的动态效应上。第三,分析推进三国FTA所面临的问题以及各国必需进行的战略调整,强调中韩日FTA应该成为促进东亚经济合作的重要一环,并提出中国在这过程中应采取的战略步骤。     

日本关于FTA与农业问题的立场与措施

农产品问题将成为中日FTA谈判的焦点,了解日本对FTA与农业问题的立场及措施,有利于中国掌握谈判的主动权。围绕农产品自由化,日本学术界出现了反对、赞成、折衷3种不同的观点。从日本农林水产部发表的基本方针与战略及已签署的FTA中所采取的措施,可以看出目前日本政府的政策还有些保守,但同时面临着强大的自由化压力。中国应有理有据地反驳日本的农业保护论,同时采取灵活、多样的措施来推进FTA。     

从日本FTA战略看东北亚地区经济一体化的发展趋势

战后,日本充分利用了贸易自由化时期的有利国际环境,在"贸易立国"战略指导下,多年来一直奉行多边自由贸易政策,从不搞双边的自由贸易协定。20世纪90年代中期以后,随着国际和国内环境的变化,日本的经济合作政策发生了明显的转变,日本媒体、企业界和政府对区域贸易集团的关注程度明显提高。2001年,中国与东盟就10年内建立中国东盟自由贸易区达成一致,对日本加快区域经济一体化进程起到了关键性的推动作用,日本加快了构建双边自由贸易区的进程。     

实施FTA战略的潜在风险及中国的防范策略

FTA在全球呈现出快速发展趋势,其潜在风险已经显现:FTA对区域外经济体存在歧视,挑战透明度规则,增加贸易成本;过多考虑政治和安全利益,经济功能趋于弱化,执行不力,经济效果未充分发挥;部分产业被排除在外,产业边缘化问题凸现;FTA战略与企业运营策略衔接不足,企业并未充分利用FTA获利。为了防范这些风险,我国应该在全球范围内倡导互利共赢的经贸合作理念;增强FTA的经济功能,弱化政治和安全诉求;提升FTA的层次和执行效率;建立FTA战略的产业政策支撑体系;消除企业利用FTA的障碍,将FTA平台提供的机会转化为企业利润。     

美韩自由贸易协定对东亚及中国的影响

2007年4月2日,经过近十个月的谈判,美国与韩国最终在韩国首都首尔签署了双边自由贸易协定(FTA).对韩国而言,这是其有史以来最大的FTA;对美国来讲,则是自1992年签署北美FTA以来规模最大的FTA,同时也是美国首次与亚洲主要经济体签署此类协定.该项FTA的签署,对东亚经济一体化以及对中国都有着十分重要的影响.     

弱质农业对日本参与区域经济合作的影响

20世纪90年代末以前,由于担心其弱质农业遭受严重冲击等原因,日本一直对区域一体化持消极甚至批评的态度。此后,其对原有的政策进行了谨慎的调整,先后与8个国家和1个区域组织签署了包括贸易自由化内容的经济伙伴关系协定。在日本与有关国家就签署经济伙伴关系协定的谈判过程中,农产品市场开放问题一直是焦点问题之一,谈判的进展、有关协定的内容都在很大程度上受此影响。从其对弱质农业的保护政策来看,尽管日本将会更加积极地参与区域经济合作,但与主要农业大国达成有关协议的难度将非常大。     

欧盟与东盟FTA谈判新动向及中国的对策北大核心CSSCISSCI

欧盟与东盟FTA谈判的意图是奉行开放的区域经贸合作政策,抵消贸易转移效应,增强在亚洲地区的影响力。中国应该密切跟踪研究欧盟介入亚洲区域经济一体化进程的新动向,必要时可以主动提出与欧盟进行FTA谈判,使区域一体化进程向有利于中国的方向发展,遏制欧盟的贸易保护主义倾向。     

欧盟与东盟FTA谈判新动向及中国的对策

欧盟与东盟FTA谈判的意图是奉行开放的区域经贸合作政策,抵消贸易转移效应,增强在亚洲地区的影响力。中国应该密切跟踪研究欧盟介入亚洲区域经济一体化进程的新动向,必要时可以主动提出与欧盟进行FTA谈判,使区域一体化进程向有利于中国的方向发展,遏制欧盟的贸易保护主义倾向。     

大陆与韩国完成自贸协定谈判 开启13亿人口的巨大市场

<正>今年11月10日上午,中国国家主席习近平和韩国总统朴槿惠在第22届亚太经合组织(APEC)领导人非正式会议上共同宣布,中韩两国完成自由贸易协定(FTA)谈判。这是两国自2012年5月启动FTA谈判以来,时隔30个月就FTA达成一致,明年初正式签署贸易协定。打开拥有13亿人口的大陆市场朴槿惠表示,目前全球经济复苏缓慢,面临着长     

自由贸易协定中技术性贸易壁垒条款对中国双边价值链关联的影响

基于2002—2018年中国签订的自由贸易协定（FTA）中技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）条款文本,考察了FTA中TBT合作对中国与FTA成员国间双边价值链关联的影响。研究表明：FTA中TBT合作通过降低贸易成本、提高技术溢出两个渠道促进了中国与FTA成员国间的双边价值链关联,该促进作用在制造业、发展中成员国、简单价值链关联中更加显著。拓展分析发现,FTA成员国和中国的知识产权保护水平差距抑制了FTA中TBT合作对双边价值链关联的促进作用。推进与CPTPP等高水平FTA的TBT合作,妥善处理FTA中TBT合作的知识产权问题,聚焦制造业等重点贸易领域开展TBT标准的国际合作等,有助于促进中国与FTA成员国间的双边价值链关联。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.