中国市场结构和市场绩效关系实证研究--从消费者角度识别两者的关系

本文利用我国44个行业中的367家企业共计103616位消费者的满意度数据，以及这44个行业的产业集中度数据，通过结构方程模型，实证研究了我国市场结构和市场绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明，与美国等西方国家不同，处于市场经济条件下转型过程中的中国市场，主要是市场绩效决定市场结构，而不是市场结构决定市场效率。     

中国汽车产业市场结构与市场绩效研究

本文利用中国汽车工业1998—2008年的数据,通过多元回归分析方法,对中国汽车产业市场结构和市场绩效进行实证研究。实证表明,中国汽车产业市场已从竞争型转向了中下集中寡占型,市场集中度对汽车产业的市场绩效为正效应,但对内资企业、外商投资企业、港澳台投资企业的影响程度不同。本文剖析了中国汽车企业通过市场集中度提高提升市场绩效的主要影响因素及市场集中度对内外资企业市场绩效影响程度差异的原因,并探讨相关政策建议,以期对中国汽车产业发展提供有益的思路。     

我国商业银行市场结构现状分析及其优化研究

本文基于我国13家商业银行2000-2006年的面板数据。对我国商业银行业市场结构、绩效等情况进行实证分析。得出我国商业银行业市场集中度趋于下降.我国银行的垄断状态逐渐被打破。在商业银行市场结构与银行绩效的回归结果上表现为:伴随着市场集中度下降,各商业银行绩效得到提高;商业银行资产规模对其绩效带来负的影响;银行管理水平、创利能力对其绩效产生显著的正向影响;产品差异化与银行绩效则显示弱的正向关系。本文认为完善银行业微观基础、降低政策性市场壁垒、提高银行差异化产品的服务能力、拓展银行国际业务等是我国银行市场结构优化的方向。     

The Effects of Taxes and Advertising Restrictions on the Market Structure of the U.S. Cigarette Market

A dynamic oligopoly model of the cigarette industry is developed to study the effects of anti-smoking policies on the market structure of the U.S. cigarette industry. Firms are modeled as competing in price and advertising in a dynamic game. Two commonly used anti-smoking policies – advertising restrictions and tobacco tax increases – are evaluated using calibrated parameters. The simulation results show that in the long run both advertising restrictions and tax increases can successfully reduce the smoking rate. However, advertising restrictions reduce the smoking rate mainly in an indirect way through their impact on the concentration of the market, while tax increases reduce the smoking rate directly and have little effect on the concentration of the market. In addition, in the short run, advertising restrictions have a much smaller effect on reducing the smoking rate than tax increases.     

产业融合中的市场结构及其行为方式分析

在产业融合中 ,随着融合产品的替代性和互补性大大增强 ,市场边界发生重大游移。这不仅给市场界定带来了新的问题 ,并使以其为基础的产业集中度的衡量变得更为复杂 ,而且也在很大程度上改变了传统市场结构的形态 ,增强了竞争效应 ,并促使企业的市场行为有较大的改变。这对传统产业组织理论提出了新的挑战 ,需要我们加以认真的研究 ,提出新的解释和说明     

基于资源和能力观的内部市场边界确定

内部市场作为一种组织运行调节机制,必须满足其必要条件:分权、竞争和在竞争基础上的价格形成机制。根据资源和能力观的战略管理理论,内部市场边界取决于市场机制引入企业内部后对企业竞争优势的贡献,主要影响因素是:内部市场主体是否拥有特殊资源和能力、特殊资源和能力的可转移性、内部企业的经营绩效、公司总部的资源整合能力等。这些因素的作用体现为内部企业生产经营自主权大小配置和竞争关系,不同的自主权大小和竞争程度形成了实践中权威机制与内部市场机制不同的边界模式。     

市场制度的价值取向与经济结构的市场调整

本文试图说明,在现有的生产技术条件下,市场制度应体现什么样的价值取向,才能通过市场调整出合理的经济结构。文中通过模型对中国经济的产业结构、所有制结构以及产业结构和所有制结构之间的互动影响进行实证分析,发现从产业结构或所有制结构单方面地对经济结构进行调整,都无法使经济结构达到一种合理的状态。并且通过市场调整经济结构时,市场制度的价值取向将起到关键的作用。比较分析不同的市场制度价值取向下市场对经济结构的调整发现,只有当经济中形成一种国有经济不与民(资本和劳动)争利的制度环境,并且制度的价值取向侧重于保护资本利益,但同时兼顾劳动利益时,市场才能调整出合理的经济结构。     

市场结构范式的标准与构建措施

市场结构理论是整个经济学的构筑要件与基础。在熊彼特淋淳尽致地批驳了完全竞争模式的子虚乌有和容易感染经济萧条的霉菌的特点以后，各种市场结构模式的缺陷暴露无遗，经济研究进入了无所适从的艰难时期，经济实践也陷入了盲人瞎马的混乱局面和夜半临池的危险境地。所以，建设市场结构范式是经济学的当务之急。本文试图通过一系列的反垄断把垄断改造成为市场结构范式。     

Market Power,Industrial Organization and Tradeable Quotas

Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) wereintroduced into the Mid-Atlantic Surf Clam and OceanQuahog fishery to reduce over-capitalization whileconserving clam populations. Because the number ofoperators in the fishery declined drastically sincethe introduction of this policy, there is concernabout its effect on competitiveness. This paperutilizes Bertrand Pricing Models to show thatmonopoly power is absent from the surf clam andocean quahog markets. Concentration ratios, Lorenzcurves and Gini Coefficients estimated for thefishery for periods before and after ITQintroduction support the results of the Bertrand model.     

Market Power, Industrial Concentration and Innovative Activity

This paper discusses the paradox between the positive effect of industrial concentration on R & D spending, and its non-positive effect on the number of innovations. Also, I analyze whether concentration has different effects on small- and large-firm R & D. The analysis shows that the positive effect of industrial concentration on R & D spending is at least as strong for small firms as it is for large firms within an industry, which indicates that the possession of market power is not in itself conducive to innovative effort. In addition, high concentration appears to be attended with a loss of efficiency in R & D spending.     

Market Structure and Hospital Efficiency: Evaluating Potential Effects of Deregulation in a National Health Service

In this article we examine the potential effect of market structure on hospital technical efficiency as a measure of performance controlled by ownership and regulation. This study is relevant to provide an evaluation of the potential effects of recommended and initiated deregulation policies in order to promote market reforms in the context of a European National Health Service. Our goal was reached through three main empirical stages. Firstly, using patient origin data from hospitals in the region of Catalonia in 1990, we estimated geographic hospital markets through the Elzinga–Hogarty approach, based on patient flows. Then we measured the market level of concentration using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index. Secondly, technical and scale efficiency scores for each hospital was obtained specifying a Data Envelopment Analysis. According to the data nearly two-thirds of the hospitals operate under the production frontier with an average efficiency score of 0.841. Finally, the determinants of the efficiency scores were investigated using a censored regression model. Special attention was paid to test the hypothesis that there is an efficiency improvement in more competitive markets. The results suggest that the number of competitors in the market contributes positively to technical efficiency and there is some evidence that the differences in efficiency scores are attributed to several environmental factors such as ownership, market structure and regulation effects.     

企业规模、市场结构与创新产出的关系研究——中国工业企业的实证分析

本文以32行业中年主营业务收入2000万元以上法人工业企业为研究对象,建立2008～2012年面板数据模型与2009年横截面数据模型,利用Eviews7.2软件探讨了企业规模与市场结构等因素对创新产出的影响。研究结果表明：在控制技术机会、政府资助和销售利润率等变量后,企业规模与创新产出的相关系数在0.48左右,并且企业规模与创新产出之间呈倒U型关系;市场结构（四厂商集中度CR4）与创新产出之间没有显著关系。