Effectiveness of minimum tax legislation and its effect on corporate financial reporting: A comparative analysis between the United States and India

This paper reports a comparative analysis of the experience of introducing minimum tax legislation in the US and India. Given the differences in the economic and market settings in the two countries, one would expect the impact of the regulation and the corporate response to its introduction to be different. Our empirical analysis, however, indicates that the response to the minimum tax legislation in India is very similar to that in the US. The evidence indicates that the minimum tax legislation is not the best means of achieving horizontal equity among taxpayers, given its significant administrative and compliance costs and the manipulative reporting response it generates from the corporate sector.     

An analysis of credit risk spreads for high yield bonds

The overall growth and volatility in the high yield (HY) bond market has provided a viable source of capital and an interesting investment asset class. The result has been strong interest in the HY bond credit risk spread (CRS) because this series is very volatile and has a significant impact on the availability of capital to issuers and the rates of return and risk results for investors. Given these trends in the HY bond market, our study has two purposes. The first is to examine statistical properties of the CRS series for the aggregate HY bond market and the three rated components. The second purpose is to interpret the influence that a set of variables are expected to have on future CRSs and, therefore, HY bond performance. In summary, the statistical analysis indicates a significant business cycle effect, but does not show a monetary policy impact. Additionally, the study finds significant differences in characteristics among bonds with alternative ratings. The analysis of specific variables highlights the strong influence of direct and indirect measures of default risk, capital market risk factors, a specific measure of monetary policy, and an impact from liquidity within the HY bond market. There was also evidence of segmentation within the HY bond market because the empirical results indicate that we should consider separate models across rating classes that employed different variables as well as coefficients that were significantly different for the same variables.     

Does Borrowing from Banks Cost More than Borrowing from the Market?

This paper investigates the pricing of bank loans relative to capital market debt. The analysis uses a novel sample of loans matched with bond spreads from the same firm on the same date. After accounting for seniority, lenders earn a large premium relative to the bond-implied credit spread. In a sample of secured term loans to noninvestment-grade firms, the average premium is 140 to 170 bps or about half of the all-in-drawn spread. This is the first direct evidence of firms' willingness to pay for bank credit and raises questions about the nature of competition in the loan market.     

2011年银行问债券市场运行报告

2011年,银行间债券市场波动幅度加大,市场制度和基础设施建设进一步完善。其主要特点是：全年债券指数呈先抑后扬走势,年末较年初略有上升,债券收益率波动幅度加大;债券发行规模同比下降,但债券品种更加丰富,发行方式不断优化;市场交易总体活跃,信用债券市场保持陕速增长,债券市场支持经济发展的力度进一步增强。     

基于政府参与情形的混合巨灾债券设计与实证分析

我国是属于自然灾害多发的国家,但由于保险市场与资本市场相对落后,目前对于巨灾的管理仍然主要依靠政府事后的财政拨款与民间捐赠。本文借鉴并改进了国内外相关研究结论,构建了由保险市场、资本市场以及政府所组成的巨灾风险分担模型。在该模型的基础上,以熵测度为准则,设计了一种有政府参与的混合巨灾债券,这种债券是传统的简单巨灾债券与...     

我国银行间债券市场属性研究

银行间债券市场是传导货币政策的重要环节,2009年成为应对国际金融危机的适度宽松货币政策的重要微调传导渠道。对其属性的正确判断,直接影响到货币当局选择政策工具的准确性和分析政策效果的可靠性。理论分析表明,银行间债券市场具有资本市场属性并且不断加强,是金融体系为适应经济发展要求而进行金融功能自我强化的必然结果;实证结果表明:我国银行间债券市场属性正处于一个在保持原有货币市场属性的基础上,资本市场属性不断加强的阶段。银行间债券市场资本市场属性的增强容易造成货币流通速度不稳定,可能会削弱原有货币政策工具作用效力,影响货币政策的有效性,这将为今后货币政策的制定和实施带来新的挑战。     

我国资本市场可转债定价及后市走势研究

从1992年发行第一只可转换公司债券(以下简称“可转债”)至今,中国可转债市场已经历了二十多年的发展。自诞生以来,中国监管机构对可转债的发行要求不断明确,配套监管措施不断完善,可转债市场迅速发展,发行规模不断提高。然而,在2017年以前,虽然可转债的发行规模增长迅速,但其融资总额占资本市场股权产品总融资规模的比重仍处于较低水平。究其原因,一方面是因为可转债的发行主体仅限于上市公司,股权融资存在较大的不确定性;同时可转债的定价条款过于复杂,市场接受程度较低。随着2017年证监会对可转债产品的审核标准进一步明确,可转债发行规模高速增长,目前已成为资本市场上不可忽视的品种。为确定可转债定价方式,本文以“广汽转债”历年来的市场价格为数据基础,以B-S模型为分析模型,通过实证分析寻求影响可转债定价的主要因素,对未来可转债定价的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

2014年10月银行间市场运行报告

10月,银行间市场的主要运行特点是：人民币市场资金面维持宽松,长期利率走低、短期利率升而不高;债券市场维持暧势,国债收益率曲线显著下移;人民币交易汇率持续走强,相对中间价偏离继续温和扩大;人民币利率互换收盘曲线整体下移,交易量同比显著增长;外汇衍生品交投活跃,外汇掉期曲线与上月持平,期权波动率继续小幅上行。     

The Sarbanes‐Oxley Act and the Choice of Bond Market by Foreign Firms

This paper examines the economic impact of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) by studying foreign firms’ choice of whether to issue bonds in the U.S. public bond market or elsewhere before and after the law's enactment in 2002. After controlling for firm characteristics, bond features, home‐country attributes, and market conditions, I find that foreign firms rely less on the U.S. public bond market after SOX. Additionally, some determinants of choosing the U.S. public bond market have changed since the passage of SOX: firms listing equities on U.S. stock exchanges, adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and doing large bond issuances are more likely to choose this market in the post‐SOX period than in the pre‐SOX period. Overall, these results are consistent with a shift in the expected costs and benefits of choosing the U.S. public bond market following SOX. This paper provides the first evidence about how SOX influences debt financing decisions and alters capital flows across international bond markets.     

2012年11月银行间市场运行报告

2012年11月,银行间市场整体平稳运行,主要特点是：随货币政策转向净回笼,货币市场利率小幅波动;市场降息降准预期减弱,银行间债券收益率曲线下移;人民币对美元即期市场成交价连续涨停,人民币汇率升值势头延续并创历史新高,但市场流动性下降;利率互换成交大增,短期限交易活跃,利率互换曲线全线上行;汇率衍生品市场交投继续活跃,市场份额大幅提升。     

2014年3季度银行间市场运行报告

3季度,银行间市场的主要运行特点是：资金状况总体平稳,货币市场利率波动下行;债券市场维持震荡,期限利差进一步收窄;人民币互换利率震荡下行,曲线形态趋于平坦;人民币交易汇率单边升值,相对中间价偏离度由正转负;欧美经济表现及宽松政策不同,美元走势强劲;私人部门维持持汇信心,银行对市场主导力增强;外汇衍生品交投活跃,掉期曲线中长端显著上移,期权波动率小幅上行;零售外汇价差管理取消,外汇市场自律规范出台。     

关于中部地区资本市场发展的研究

就一般意义而言,资本市场应由货币市场、股票市场、国债市场、金融债券市场、企业债券市场以及其它市场等要素构成。本文研究的资本市场,仅以股票市场为主。     

中小企业债券市场发展:国际经验与创新借鉴

本文在对中国中小企业债券市场发展历程、现状和存在的问题进行分析的基础上,结合美国等国家中小企业债券市场发展的经验和趋势,探讨中国中小企业债券市场在多层次资本市场体系中的地位、发展路径和产品的创新,并在中小企业信息收集和信息共享机制、政府角色方面提出若干政策建议。     

ON THE WEALTH EFFECTS OF THE SUPERVISORY GOODWILL CONTROVERSY

We provide evidence on the potential wealth effects of the 1996 U.S. Supreme Court decision that the U.S. government had violated contractual obligations when, in 1989, it passed legislation prohibiting savings and loan associations from counting “supervisory goodwill” as capital. The Supreme Court decision produced large wealth gains for the savings and loan plaintiffs, as did prior court decisions in favor of these savings and loans. However, little evidence exists to suggest negative market responses to important events surrounding the 1989 legislation.     

Informed and Strategic Order Flow in the Bond Markets

We study the role played by private and public information inthe process of price formation in the U.S. Treasury bond market.To guide our analysis, we develop a parsimonious model of speculativetrading in the presence of two realistic market frictions—informationheterogeneity and imperfect competition among informed traders—anda public signal. We test its equilibrium implications by analyzingthe response of two-year, five-year, and ten-year U.S. bondyields to order flow and real-time U.S. macroeconomic news.We find strong evidence of informational effects in the U.S.Treasury bond market: unanticipated order flow has a significantand permanent impact on daily bond yield changes during bothannouncement and nonannouncement days. Our analysis furthershows that, consistent with our stylized model, the contemporaneouscorrelation between order flow and yield changes is higher whenthe dispersion of beliefs among market participants is highand public announcements are noisy.     

中小企业集合债券的生存空间与信用风险控制

集合票据、私募债等新的融资模式的出现使中小企业集合债券的生存空间面临新的挑战。本文将集合债与集合票据、私募债进行对比分析,发现良好的信用风险控制和成本优势是中小企业集合债券生存的保障,而加强信用风险控制与提高融资效率是未来发展的保障。本文据此从宏观、微观两个层面提出建议,为我国中小企业集合债券的发展提供理论依据。     

The impact of capital market imperfections on investment–cash flow sensitivity

We examine the investment–cash flow sensitivity of US manufacturing firms in relation to five factors associated with capital market imperfections – fund flows, institutional ownership, analyst following, bond ratings, and an index of antitakeover amendments. We find a steady decline in the estimated sensitivity over time. Furthermore, we find that investment–cash flow sensitivity decreases with increasing fund flows, institutional ownership, analyst following, antitakeover amendments and with the existence of a bond rating. The overall evidence suggests that investment–cash flow sensitivity decreases with factors that reduce capital market imperfections.     

内部资本市场 公司绩效与控制权私有收益——以华通天香集团为例分析

基于内部资本市场理论,当企业集团对内部各成员部门不是100%控股时,资源在内部资本市场的转移会产生较大的摩擦,内部资本市场存在效率不足。在处于转轨时期的中国企业,公司治理尚不完善、代理问题比较严重,势必影响内部资本市场功能的正常发挥。本文以华通天香集团为例,分析了上市公司内部资本市场运作的主要路径及产生的经济后果,发现原本在于提高资本配置而存在的内部资本市场部分地被异化为进行利益输送的渠道。另外,在本例中没有发现企业进行明显的跨部门交叉补贴证据。     

Drexel Burnham Lambert's bankruptcy and the subsequent decline in underwriter fees

In the 1980s, Drexel Burnham Lambert dominated the underwriting of junk bonds with close to a 50% market share. In 1990, Drexel went bankrupt and was liquidated, and the percentage underwriting fees for junk bonds subsequently dropped dramatically. We present strong evidence that the exit of Drexel Burnham Lambert and the resulting increase in competition for market share were major contributing factors to the decline in junk bond underwriter fees.     

美国金融监管改革法案与其现实的借鉴意义

2010年7月21日,美国总统奥巴马签署了《多德-弗兰克华尔街改革和消费者保护法案》,该法案正式生效。文章对该法案的内容进行了解析,详细介绍了该法案在促进金融稳定、重塑银行业监管格局、加强对大型银行的监管、强化金融消费者权益保护、完善银行业及金融市场基础设施监管等核心内容方面的立法宗旨和具体措施,并进一步阐述了该法案对完善我国金融监管的重要借鉴意义。