Innovation,key for＂Made in China＂ to out of crisis

China＇s foreign trade and export enterprises have encountered unprecedented pressure during the global financial crisis - but analysts say they believe innovation is the way out for the ＂Made in China＂ brand.
The Quanzhou Baofeng Shoes Company, one of China＇s leading producer of slippers, is precisely the type of exporter that should be on its knees. Headquartered in Quanzhou, a coastal city in southeastern Fujian Province, Baofeng used to export 90 percent of its annual output to the United States.     

Optimal tariffs on exhaustible resources

We characterize the Markov perfect equilibria of two games in which oligopsonistic importers of an exhaustible resource confront competitive suppliers who have rational expectations. The games differ only in the timing of moves, or the speed with which participants can adjust their plans. The optimal tariff when sellers move first (are less flexible) differs considerably from that in which buyers move first, and sellers retain more control over intertemporal arbitrage opportunities. If the initial stock is small, buyers suffer a disadvantage from being the first-mover; this is reversed if the stock is large.     

至关重要的回应--全面巩固提升中欧经贸关系的战略地位与水平

随着中国经济的飞速发展,出于经济利益的需要和战略上的考虑,欧盟提高了对发展中欧经贸关系重要性的认识,积极调整对华方针政策,并采取一系列行动促进中欧关系的发展。1995年7月出台的《中国-欧洲关系长期政策》,是欧盟有史以来制定的第一个对华关系长期发展战略,对中欧经贸关系的发展具有重要历史意义。1996年11月,欧盟委员会制定了《欧盟对华新战略》,将欧盟对华长期政策     

Trade diversion and declining tariffs: evidence from Mercosur

This paper empirically examines the alternative posed by Richardson [J. Intern. Econ. 34 (1993) 39] to the traditional view that trade integration may exacerbate inefficiencies. Richardson's hypothesis boldly predicts that trade diversion (and trade creation) may actually cause tariffs to decline! The hypothesis is fundamentally attributable to the presence of a political component in the governments' objective functions. A cross-sectionally rich data set on trade and tariffs from the Mercosur-pact countries, primarily Argentina, is used. The evidence yields surprising conclusions about the validity of endogenous tariff determination in models of trade integration.     

手机零售：从高档消费到平民产品

手机以大砖头似的“大哥大”形象闪亮登场，作为奢侈品被富人垄断，而经历了二十年的发展，已经走下了奢侈品的行列，进入了寻常百姓的生活中。从高端市场到低端市场的转型是手机普及的必经之路，是电子类产品技术发展后的必然结果，也是手机企业发展过程中突破发展瓶颈的唯一途径。从“大哥大”降格为“手机”，不是走向卑微，而是走向更加宏大的消费市场。     

The economics of taxes with equivalent effects to tariffs

Developing countries are faced with the issue of tariff replacement at an early stage of their development, due to their increased commitments through Free Trade Arrangements with developed countries. As tariff replacement through VAT, or more sophisticated tools such as income tax, is neither practically nor economically desirable in these economies, this paper investigates the effects of an alternative replacement tax that only affects categories of goods not produced locally. This tax, denominated tax with equivalent effects to tariffs (TEET), is indeed a consumption tax as it concerns all goods, whether imported or potentially produced in the country. Based on a simple diagrammatic approach, the study shows that this tool tends to generate more welfare than tariffs if final prices of goods are left unchanged. It shows that a government can continue to maintain its revenues and increase the welfare of consumers through this fiscal replacement. Additionally, the political and economic reserves associated with this tool are discussed. The TEET are therefore useful mainly for small and non-diversified economies. It also remains that the use of this tool is, in practice, conditioned by the level of tolerance of developed countries, which tend to prohibit it in bilateral agreements with developing countries.     

EU Migration to and from the UK After Brexit

In the 2016 referendum over the UK’s membership of the EU, the question of how Brexit would impact migration to the UK was a major point of contention. Those leading the campaign to leave the EU promised lower levels of immigration and the introduction of an “Australian type points based system” to regulate future inflows of EU nationals to the country, while at the same time maintaining access to the EU single market. At the same time, the status of EU nationals already living in the UK was not a key topic in the debate. The leaders of the campaign to leave the EU suggested that EU nationals already residing in the UK would be granted some form of residence permit and would retain most of their current rights. Likewise, there was little concern about the legal status of UK nationals in other EU countries and the argument that the “EU would be obliged to grant permanent settlement rights to Britons living in Ireland and mainland Europe”.     

World＇s first 800,000KW hydro turbine begins installation

The world＇s first hydro turbine with stand-alone capacity of 800,000KW was successfully installed at Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station under China Three Gorges Corporation, marking all the units of the underground workshop on the right bank of Xiangjiaba hydropower plant have entered the installation phase.     

China＇s first-half 2009 textile exports fall 11 percent

Intertextile Shanghai Apparel Fabrics, the worlds＇ largest industry event, has already confirmed many fabric mill suppliers from around the world. Among them are several exhibi- tors from the European Union （EU） including Austria, Belgium, France and the United Kingdom, while Italy and Germany will be grouped into country pavilions.     

1995-2007年欧盟对华反倾销实践定量分析

文章从反倾销指控、行业分布、中国企业的待遇、损害和因果关系的判定、结案方式等方面,对多角度欧盟对华反倾销实践进行了定量分析。认为在欧盟对外反倾销活动减少的情况下中国已经成为了其首要目标;在各种宏观经济因素影响下,反倾销已经成为了欧盟相关产业长期战略的工具;我国企业在欧盟反倾销中的待遇有所改善;反倾销结案方式正向有利于申诉企业方向发展。     

Gains from trade under variable returns to scale,commodity taxation,tariffs and factor market distortions

This paper examines the effect on welfare of improvements in the terms of trade and movement from autarky to free trade in the presence of variable returns to scale, production and consumption taxes, tariffs and factor market distortions. By expressing welfare in terms of a social welfare function and by considering infinitesimal changes in prices, sufficient conditions for the nonharmfulness of trade and improvements in the terms of trade are obtained which substantially weaken those obtained by Kemp and Negishi (1970).     

欧盟反倾销调查与中国对欧出口贸易间关系 研究：基于ARDL-ECM 模型的分析

欧盟对华反倾销问题是当前中欧经贸关系进程中的重大问题,本文采用ARDL模型和边界检验技术,实证分析欧盟对华反倾销与中国对欧出口之间的长、短期关系。结果显示,我国对欧出口与欧盟GDP、出口商品价格、反倾销之间存在协整关系。根据协整分析,长期内欧盟对华反倾销并未抑制我国对欧出口贸易,相反,反倾销在一定程度上推动了对欧出口规模;欧盟成员国收入水平对出口贸易有较大的促进作用;出口价格变动对出口抑制效应不明显。     

种粮农民利益问题的思考对粮食流通体制改革与保护

<正> 据有关媒体披露,继去年浙江等8个粮食主销区的省市放开粮食市场后,西部产销平衡的9个省区甚至国务院明确规定要继续按保护价敞开收购农民余粮的14个粮食主产省的不少县市,今年都放开了粮食市场。可见,全面放开粮食市场已为期不远了。     

The welfare impacts of a revenue-neutral switch from tariffs to VAT with intermediate inputs and a VAT threshold

The debate about replacing tariffs with value-added tax (VAT) in developing countries has paid little attention to the role of VAT as an input tax on the informal sector and has overlooked the usefulness of changing the VAT threshold in a revenue-neutral switch from tariffs to VAT. This paper contributes to the literature by addressing these two issues via a heterogeneous firm model of a small open economy with endogenous firm entry and VAT compliance. The results found indicate that the VAT collected on intermediate inputs consumed by the informal sector not only reduces the benefits of evading VAT, but also diminishes the production distortion between the formal and the informal sectors. The use of a change in the VAT threshold to offset lost tariff revenue leads to welfare gains; however, the source of such gains is different from that of a change in the VAT rate. While an increase in the VAT rate expands informality, a revenue-equivalent decrease in the VAT threshold reduces informality. These novel results suggest that the VAT threshold plays an important role in the design of revenue-neutral tax reforms.     

Gains from trade in used goods: Evidence from automobiles

I investigate the welfare effects of trade liberalization by exploiting a natural policy experiment in the economy of Cyprus. A 1993 law relaxed import restrictions on used vehicles and enabled the importation of second-hand Japanese automobiles into the country. This led to a dramatic shift of consumer purchases from new to used cars and a substantial expansion of the overall market. Welfare gains computed from a structural demand system average $2000 per purchaser per year over a four-year period after the policy change. The findings are suggestive of the potential for substantial gains from liberalizing trade in used goods.     

借鉴进口监督推行进口货物装船前检验

装船前检验是国际贸易中常见的一种检验,是进口国或买方为了保护自身的利益,防患于未然,委托独立的第三方检验机构,对进口商品在出口国进行发货前的检验活动.