我国上市公司法人治理结构存在的问题及对策分析

我国上市公司法人治理结构在具体实践中存在着股权结构不合理、董事会结构失衡、“内部人控制”问题严重、激励约束机制不健全等问题。针对这些问题，本制定了相应的对策，通过优化股权结构、建立独立董事制度、完善监督机制来逐步规范和健全上市公司法人治理结构。     

独立董事的“独立性”研究

独立董事制度是个“舶来品”,从美国来到中国近十年来,一直“水土不服”,以致状况不断.本文从云南景谷林业股份有限公司(下称景谷林业)独立董事不作为事件为突破口,指出我国独立董事“不独立”的根本原因是,我国缺乏完善的独立董事制度,提出建立“独立董事薪酬的第三方存管制度”,使得独立董事真正“独立”,进而提出构建一部适应我国公司治理结构的《独立董事法》的设想     

论我国推行独立董事制度的必要性

在证券市场国际化的发展趋势中,推行独立董事制度成为不同法系国家改善公司治理结构的重要措施,作为一种“国际化标准”的点缀,独立董事制度有合理的存在空间,它对于通过境外资本市场融资的上市公司有着重要的意义。但应该看到,独立董事制度不是医治“公司治理结构”的“灵丹妙药”,因此,在完善我国公司治理结构的过程中,应当理性地对待这一“舶来品”,完善我国公司治理结构、维护中小股东权益,有赖于独立董事制度与其他法律制度的结合。     

试论国有商业银行有效公司治理的途径

国有商业银行建立现代企业制度构建有效公司治理,是在市场经济体制不断完善的过程中实现的,是在内外治理机制的动态统一中实现的。超越外部机制的发展程度,过分强调国际惯例．将欲速而不达,使银行治理制度“形似而神不似”。同样,片面强调“中国特色”又会坐失良机。因此,我们必须正视现实,在建立有效公司治理结构的同时．加速市场环境的培育,发挥银行内部治理机制和外部市场环境的协同作用,来实现国有商业银行有效的公司治理。     

我国企业实施独立董事制度的现实思考

独立董事制度是一项被众多国家广泛采纳的企业治理机制。独立董事制度在限制管理层，提高信息披露数量和质量，保护股东利益方面有积极作用。在我国实施独立董事制度具有深刻的现实意义，但要充分发挥独立董事在董事会中的智囊和制衡作用，还必须逐步解决公司的股权结构、董事结构和治理结构问题，以及独立董事的资源和市场问题。     

关于我国独立董事制度的再思考

建立有效的公司治理机制是我国证券市场目前的一个主要任务。公司治理结构是否健全在很大程度上与董事会是否具有独立地位，是否能真正代表全体股东利益有关，独立董事制度能够较好地达到这一目标。因此建立和完善独立董事制度对完善我国公司的治理结构是非常必要的。要制定独立董事相关法律制度，明确独立董事选聘程序等。     

论我国上市公司独立董事制度的重新构建

独立董事制度是英美法系国家"一元化"公司治理结构的产物,对于强化股东监督功能、优化公司治理结构有着重要作用.2001年,中国证监会发布了<关于在上市公司中建立独立董事制度的指导意见>(以下简称<指导意见>),标志着我国正式引入独立董事制度.我国<公司法>在2005年修订后以法律的形式在上市公司中正式确认了独立董事制度.我国独立董事制度自实施以来,对于完善上市公司董事会治理机制起到了一定的促进作用,但也存在诸多问题,需要及时加以解决.本文在对我国上市公司独立董事制度进行抽样调查的基础上,对如何完善这一制度进行了探讨,希望通过重新构建独立董事制度,让真正的"独立"董事走入上市公司,维护中小投资者的合法权益.     

独立董事有效性:一个制度经济学视角的分析

独立董事制度是针对上市公司国有股“一股独大”，内部人控制普遍存在，二元董事会治理结构相对无效引入我国的，其目的是弥补监管职能的不足，强化对董事会和经营层的内部监督，本文从制度经济学的角度，对影响独立董事有效发挥其职能的各障碍进行深入分析。在此基础上提出了克服制度惯性。增加制度有效性和适应经济环境的对策。     

信托公司治理结构与风险控制

构建信托公司治理结构和风险控制制度的对策：一是股权多元化,建立股权制衡机制;二是建立独立董事制度,加强董事会在公司决策中的作用;三是建立信托公司风险管理制度;四是强化股东情况和风险控制的信息披露。     

论引入上市公司独立监事的构想

我国上市公司治理结构中监事制度存在诸多弊端,监事不能有效地对发挥对公司的监督职能,因而提出引入一个新的制度--独立监事制度上市公司引入独立监事制度将有助于提高监事会的独立性,从而强化监事会对董事和经理的监督职能.为了避免独立监事的监督职能流于形式,确保独立监事监督的"独立性",建立一个良好的独立监事制度就显得尤为重要.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.