CCD技术及其在纺织检验中应用

本文论述电荷耦合器件(CCD)技术在现代科技中的应用和进展,提出应用线阵CCD在纺织测量中的应用。以实例分析探讨线阵CCD技术在纺织测量中的具体算法。     

CCD测量系统及应用时注意的几个问题

利用CCD的工作原理可以进行物体尺寸的非接触在线检测。分析了CCD测量物体尺寸的原理、测量系统的组成结构及在测量时必须注意的问题。例如:提高光学系统的分辨率、光源的选择和优化,使用二值化方法处理信号时借助实验来标定脉冲当量,对脉冲当量采用2次标定方法可避免系统误差的影响。本文对此进行了过程推导并得出结论。     

基于CCD的皮革面积测量装置的设计

设计了一种基于CCD(charge-coupled device)图像传感器的皮革面积测量装置。在单片机的控制下,图像传感器与步进电机协调工作,面阵CCD拍摄皮革图像,输出视频信号,再进行二值化处理得到图像数据,单片机处理该数据并计算出皮革面积。该装置静态成像,避免了机械传动误差;皮革边界量化误差符合正态分布,总和为零。     

全面检测技术已被成功应用

由陕西长岭纺织机电科技有限公司发明的“一种测量纱线截面形状的方法和装置”技术日前被国家知识产权局授予国家发明专利。这项发明专利首创纱线截面特征检测、电子黑板和仿真织物功能,满足了纺织全面评价纱线品质的需求。目前该技术已成功应用在企业研制开发的纱线外观分析仪系列产品当中,技术水平达国内领先。这项发明包含张力控制机构、准直光源、成像系统、纱线牵引系统及数据采集与处理系统等几大部分,采用双路测量,可同时测量纱线两个垂直方向的截面宽度,计算出纱线的平均等效直径和椭圆度,测试采用高速CCD线扫描技术,可实现纱线10…     

明察秋毫的机器视觉

机器视觉就是用机器代替人眼来做测量和判断。机器视觉系统是指通过机器视觉产品(即图像摄取装置,分CMOS和CCD两种)将被摄取目标转换成图像信号,传送给专用的图像处理系统,根据像素分布和亮度、颜色等信息,转变成数字化信号;图像系统对这些信号进行各种运算来抽取目标的特征,进而根据判别的结果来控制现场的设备动作。     

GPS技术在铁路工程测量中的应用探讨

通过GPS技术能够实现目标的精准定位。通过GPS技术来进行铁路工程测量,保证铁路工程测量相关数据的精准性,提高铁路工程测量的整体效率。通过GPS技术概述、GPS技术中的图像处理及测量数字化以及GPS技术在铁路工程测量中的具体应用等,对其进行具体的研究分析。     

铁道部门设备诊断技术现状(摘译)(一)

一、铁道部门设备诊断技术的应用 1.车辆的诊断技术 (1)易损件管理系统 在电气机车等的检查修理中,导电弓的滑块,制动器衬垫,制动轮等易损件的检查和更换占有很大比重.图1是易损件管理系统,该系统是由导电弓滑块磨损测量装置、制动轮和制动器衬垫测量装置所组成.导电弓滑块测量装置是在车辆进入检查区域时,利用空中超声波传感器,自动地测量滑块的磨损程度,掌握磨损状态,同时根据磨损预测系统,预测更换时间.因而,在日常检查过程中可省略掉登高作业,提高了安全可靠性并可使检查作业省力化.另外,制动轮和制动器衬垫测量装置是用CCD摄象机摄制磨损状态,利用图像处理功能自动测量,预测磨损时,该系统可使地面的检查作业省力化.这种易损件管理系统现在已经引入山手电气化铁路区、浦和电气化铁路区等22个地区的维修基地.     

CCD的自动调光技术

本文介绍了航空线阵CCD摄像机的基本组成及原理,尤其对CCD摄像机的自动调光技术进行了较为详尽的论述。在该系统中由于采用了智能化元件,使根据实际景物亮度变化实时地控制CCD像机的曝光时间,从而获得满意的电荷图象成为现实。     

机器视觉技术在包装印刷质量检测中的应用

机器视觉就是利用机器代替人眼进行测量和判断。机器视觉系统是指通过机器视觉产品(即图像摄取装置，分CMOS和CCD两种)将被摄取目标转换成图像信号，传送给专用的图像处理系统，根据像素分布和亮度、颜色等信息，转变成数字化信号；图像系统对这些信号进行各种运算，抽取目标特征，进而根据判别结果控制设备动作。机器视觉系统的特点是提高生产的柔性和自动化程度，尤其是在一些不适合人工作业的危险工作环境或人工视觉难以     

基于线阵CCD和三维重构的盒装烟标测量装置

为客观评价盒装烟标的模切、压痕以及包装成型后的质量,基于线阵CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)和三维(Three-Dimensional)重构,设计烟标模切尺寸、角度的测量装置.通过CCD扫描拍摄图像,经过阀值分割、腐蚀、膨胀、Sobel、霍夫变换等图像处理,实现烟标边缘线的精确提取、检测.结果表明:...     

流动注射法(FIA)测定水中氨氮

简要介绍了流动注射法(FIA)测定水中氨氮的实验方法。此方法具有分析速度快、准确度和精密度高、污染少等优点,已用于环境分析测试中酚、氰化物、COD、硒、钍等的测定,减少了对实验室环境的污染和人体的危害,成为现代分析的发展趋势。     

浅析质量流量计的零点不稳定度

对科氏力质量流量计的工作原理和发展历程作了简要的介绍，讨论了科氏力质量流量计的优缺点。分析了科氏力质量流量计的零点不确定度产生的原因，并对计量带来的影响，以及安装使用中如何去克服或减弱零点不稳定的影响进行了重点阐述。     

Cheddar or Swiss? How strong are your barriers?

This article describes a company's experience with process safety metrics and describes systematic methods to improve safety performance. As a result of a major accident, an internal investigation identified that although a site may have numerous measures for tracking operational and safety performance, these measures may not focus on leading indicators that could provide early warning of potential major incidents. To systematically reduce incidents, especially, low probability high consequence process safety events, it is necessary to focus on prevention and specifically the strength of the barriers. The approach described in this article, therefore, aims to create a combination of Process Safety Performance Indicators that lead to stronger more robust barriers. While industrial history tells us that such high consequence events are infrequent, this significant process safety risk is always present in production operations, and thus needs to be continuously assessed and reduced through systematic safety management. Within one company, this recognition has resulted in a substantial strengthening of process safety risk management through a more comprehensive system of controls embedded within its new Operating Management System, which is being implemented at the site level across all of its operations globally. This article explores the ongoing methodology and approach being used to select a limited but crucial set of Process Safety Performance Indicators to enable effective measurement and the appropriate management of process safety performance. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009     

三相在线自动计量监测技术在油田生产中的应用

通过与油田传统原油计量技术的分析比较，提出了三相在线自动计量监测技术具有的误差小、在线连续计量、反应速度快、效率高等特点．经现场应用．取得良好效果．具有广阔前景。     

纯棉薄织物的平幅前处理新工艺

:介绍一种纯棉薄织物的平幅前处理新工艺 ,该工艺采用了常压履带式练漂机退浆和练漂。工艺具有流程短 ,生产效率高 ,连续生产性能好 ,工艺条件稳定 ,织物无色差、折痕及擦伤的优点 ,适合于小批量、多品种的生产。通过该工艺处理的纯棉平纹织物的外观质量和内在质量都达到了国家标准。     

基于单目机器视觉的耐火砖检测技术

耐火砖的检测以往需要在艰苦的环境下采用手工操作来完成。对传统的检测方法进行改进,将单目视觉检测技术和图像处理技术应用于耐火砖的尺寸测量。先用高分辨率的摄像机采集耐火砖的图像,再对图像进行边缘提取、连接、分割与拟合计算,提取出砖块图像的特征信息,最后根据目标平面和图像平面间的映射关系精确地计算出耐火砖的长度和宽度。实验结果表明,该测量系统结构简单、性能稳定,能够快速准确的对耐火砖实现尺寸测量。     

沃尔玛的信息化之路与启示——基于信息依赖度分析模型的案例研究

本文首先对沃尔玛信息化过程中的关键事件资料进行收集、归纳整理和分析，然后对其信息化的过程进行阶段划分，以研究作为一个通过信息化而建立起强有力的竞争优势的成功企业所具有的信息化发展历程和特征。然后运用“基于信息依赖度的企业信息化战略分析模型”对这个案例进行了分析和评价．以对沃尔玛信息化战略规划取得成功的内在原因进行分析。本文最后总结了沃尔玛信息化成功之路的几点启示。     

智能型面积测量仪

提出1种以MCS-51单片机为核心,集微电子、光电检测及电感检测技术为一体的面积测量方法,介绍了它的设计、组成和故障诊断方法,指出其采用容错技术、自校正技术和抗干扰技术后具有测量精度高、性能价格比高等特点,且少量传感器出现故障时不影响测量精度,适用于测量皮革及其他不规则片状物体的面积。     

Decomposing Pioneer Survival: Implications for the Order‐of‐Entry Effect

In contrast to previous studies of pioneer survival that directly compare the survival of market pioneers with later entrants, this paper proposes that a market pioneer, as the first entrant, operates under two distinctly different survival processes, one during the initial monopoly period and another during the later competition period. The two processes of market pioneers need to be separately estimated and compared with the survival process of later entrants. This paper demonstrates a method for decomposing the pioneer's survival and empirically shows how researchers can compare the pioneer survival in two periods with that of later entrants and identify period‐specific advantages of pioneering. Our empirical analysis using data collected from two different types of industries—a low‐tech (i.e., newspaper) industry and several high‐tech industries—reveals several interesting new findings that illustrate the advantages of decomposing pioneer survival. For example, this paper shows that when treating first‐mover survival as a single process, one can only find an oversimplified pattern showing that first movers have a survival chance equal to that of second movers in the newspaper industry, but a lower one than the second movers in high‐tech industries. However, when analyzing the first‐mover's survival as a sequence of monopoly and competition processes, new insights emerge. In the newspaper industry, the pioneers can have survival advantages in both the monopoly and the competition periods relative to the second movers, and there is a significant survival advantage for those second entrants who delay market entry until the first entrant exits. In contrast, the overall pioneer survival disadvantage identified in the high‐tech industries when treating the survival as a single process comes from the survival disadvantage in the competition period but not in the monopoly period. Furthermore, our empirical analyses using data from two types of industries reveal completely different patterns with regard to the pioneer survival advantage, which suggests that being first can benefit pioneers in both two‐market periods in low‐tech industries but can be extremely risky for pioneers to gain any survival advantages in both two‐market periods in high‐tech industries because the former markets have relatively low market and technology uncertainties, and organizational change is less important; whereas the latter industries have significantly high market and technology uncertainties, technological advances emerge frequently, and firms are required to adapt themselves quickly to a fast‐changing environment.