公司治理与内部审计的关系探讨

公司治理和内部审计是当前两大理论和实务热点问题,文章从两者理论基础的内在一致性出发,探讨了在一个特定的微观主体中二者之间的双向关系,认为公司治理结构应阐明和确定内部审计职能在公司治理中的地位和作用,并指出内部审计是公司治理结构中不可或缺的检查、监督与评价的技术性机制,内部审计是公司治理结构中的信息反馈系统。     

现代公司治理结构模式的比较与分析

公司治理结构在不同的经济条件下会形成不同的模式，同时在不同国家由于文化及制度等因素的影响也会有不同的形式，本文就目前世界上存在的几种主要治理结构模式进行了分析和对比，如英美模式、日德模式等，并在此基础上针对我国的实际情况提出了一些建议。     

机构投资者与公司治理

随着机构投资者的发展壮大,人们越来越关注其对公司治理方面的作用。由于机构投资者巨大的股票持有量,他们存在参与公司治理的愿望。但因为经济往来关系、法律法规规定、信息处理障碍导致机构投资者并不能有效地参与公司治理。     

论利益相关者参与公司治理

传统的公司治理目标是股东利益最大化,文章主要论述股东利益最大化公司治理目标的缺陷和利益相关者参与公司治理的必要性。     

公司治理导向审计模式探讨

随着审计理论与实践的发展,审计模式也在不断变革。本文立足于全面实现公司治理的要求,以契约理论和受托经济责任观为指导,分析了现有审计模式无法满足公司治理要求的客观现状,探讨了治理导向审计模式一一以“治理”作为审计的目标导向,审计工作为了实现全面治理而展开,如何以治理的思想采指导现代审计工作的全面开展：笔者封治理导向审计模式的内涵和特点作了深入探讨.     

西方公司治理模式的比较及其在我国的选择

文章首先从公司治理的理论渊源及其内涵入手,进而论述了西方发达国家两种不同的公司治理模式并对其进行了比较,在此基础上,笔者结合我国的具体国情,借鉴西方公司治理的经验,认为我国公司治理模式的最佳选择是利益相关者模式。     

机构投资者对公司治理的作用

随着经济的日益发展,机构投资者在完善上市公司治理中的作用日渐重要。机构投资者在监督、制衡管理层的决策与经营中能更有效地发挥作用。因此我国应积极创造有利条件促进机构投资者的发展以完善公司治理。     

论法律制度对公司治理的影响

文章认为良好的公司治理是现代市场经济和金融市场健康运作的微观基础,研究治理具有重要意义,由于公司治理是公司自治和法律规制的统一,法律有介入公司治理的必要,鉴于公司治理的法律环境包括外部和内部法律环境,文章针对我国目前公司治理法律环境的现状提出了完善对策。     

基于公司治理的会计控制问题探讨

有效的会计控制对于公司治理结构的优化及推行均有重要作用;反过来,公司治理结构直接影响会计控制的有效性。公司治理与会计控制具有“共生互动”的关系,因而会计控制须纳入公司治理的整体架构当中,做到两个同步：一是在搭建公司治理结构的过程中,同步设计会计组织架构及运行机制;二是在公司治理配套制度体系建设过程中,同步建立会计监督和资金监控机制。     

公司治理结构与会计信息失真防范

我国会计信息失真严重,与其自身的背景有相当大的关系,部分是技术上的原因,大部分则是制度或体制上的原因,公司治理不完善就是一个最重要的方面,因此,仅仅靠会计是不能从根本上解决会计信息失真问题的,而必须完善我国的公司治理结构。     

国有企业法人治理结构初探

文章认为,国有企业改革是中国经济体制改革的重点、热点和难点,其中关于国有企业法人治理结构问题无论在理论还是在实践上更引人关注,国有企业法人治理结构是国有企业现代化企业制度得以建立的核心,是国有企业组织机构现代化、法治化的关键,而目前我国国有企业法人治理结构存在诸多缺陷,如股权过度集中、董事会运作失范、监事会监督机制弱化、对企业经营者激励不足、约束不力等等,建立科学合理的法人治理结构已经迫在眉睫了。     

审计委员会制度：公司治理的重要制度安排

就公司治理理论而言，审计委员会制度是两权分离所产生的权益代理问题的一种解决或补救方案，是公司内部有效保护股东利益的一种制度安排。就公司治理实务而言，审计委员会成为上市公司改善财务信息透明度的有效工具，对于上市公司管理层或大股东利用不实财务报告掩饰其经营不善或利益输送、欺诈等问题能有效予以防止。因此，审计委员会一般被认为是董事会下属的最重要的委员会之一。     

公司治理视角下的内部控制研究

在研究公司治理结构与内部控制相互联系和影响的基础上,把内部控制置于公司治理的环境申,将两者有机结合起来探讨在公司治理下实现有效内部控制的机制。从实践上看,那些出现内部控制乏力或失控的企业,一般都在企业管理上比较薄弱,缺乏有效的公司治理。内部控制失控的深层次原因在于企业缺乏完善、健全的公司治理。有效内部控制的建立离不开完善的公司治理。     

股权结构对上市公司绩效的影响

文章总结了国外的研究成果,说明股权结构是通过影响公司治理机制来影响公司的业绩,并分析了中国上市公司股权结构的缺陷与成因,以及中国上市公司治理机制的缺陷,同时提出了改善治理绩效的对策。     

The impact of equity markets and corporate governance on labour market flexibility

Drawing from various literatures, this article explores links between equity markets and labour market flexibility. Various data sources are used to test relationships for a set of OECD countries, controlling for other likely influences on flexibility such as government and industrial relations institutions. The results are generally supportive as regards employment flexibility: equity market trading activity is associated with shorter job tenure, higher activity rates, and greater employment change over the cycle. However, the relationship between equity markets and pay flexibility is less statistically robust to the addition of controls.     

公司治理结构与会计信息质量

会计信息的真实与否对于会计能否实现其目标,发挥其作用密切相关,其质量的高低不仅影响到公司的发展,还影响到公司内部不同的利益相关者,究其原因,最根本的是公司治理结构的不完善。本文即从公司治理结构的角度来分析会计信息质量问题,找出原因及相应的对策。     

Factors affecting corporate environmental disclosure in emerging markets: The role of corporate governance structures

This study seeks to examine whether internal corporate governance (CG) mechanisms affect corporate environmental disclosure (CED) in emerging economies. Using a sample of 500 firm-year observations, this study distinctively applies a linear panel quantile regression (PQR) model to examine the CG–CED nexus in Jordan. This technique is supplemented with conducting a two-step dynamic generalised method of moment (GMM) model to overcome any potential occurrence of endogeneity problems. This study reports an increasing trend in CED practice among the sampled companies over the period of analysis, yet it is still at an early stage as compared with their developed counterparts. Furthermore, this study suggests that board size, board independence, CEO duality and foreign ownership have positive associations with CED. In contrast, managerial ownership, institutional ownership and ownership concentration are negatively associated with the disclosed amount of environmental information in the Jordanian context. Theoretically, board structures appeared to be more efficient than ownership structures in reducing agency conflicts by addressing the asymmetric gap of information and promoting the disclosure of environmental information. These findings add to the debate about whether ownership structures detrimental to CED in developing economies. Specifically, when it comes to spending money on CED, owners seemed to be more concerned about any reductions in their share of the pie and may, therefore, be less motivated to disclose their companies' environmental information. This paper provides managers, owners and policymakers with a set of context-specific recommendations related to the crucial need for a more concerted effort to integrate governance and environmental regulations in order to ensure sustainability in emerging markets.     

The effect of corporate governance on credit ratings: Evidence from China's bond market

This paper examines the association between firms’ corporate governance and credit ratings (both bond ratings and issuer ratings) in China. In addition to considering the financial attributes of bond issuers, we ask to what extent do credit rating agencies consider the corporate governance attributes of issuers? In concept, bondholders are concerned with the financial effects of how corporate governance resolves the agency conflicts between bondholders and managers, majority and minority shareholders, and shareholders and bondholders. We find that corporate governance affects bond issuer credit ratings in China. After controlling for firms’ financial attributes, we find that issuer ratings are positively related to dual‐listing, whether the firm is a state‐owned enterprise, the ownership of the second to the tenth largest shareholder; and negatively related to the relative scale of audit fees. We attribute the positive association between dual‐listing and credit rating to higher quality and transparency of information reported by the dual‐listed firm. The value to bondholders of the implicit government guarantee of debt payments more than offsets the negative association between firm value and being an SOE. Bond rating agencies expect that the change in agency costs with a reduction in the ownership of the largest shareholder benefits bondholders. To credit rating agencies, the scale of audit fees (relative to total assets of the accounting firm) signals interest binding between the client firm and the accounting firm that threatens the independence of auditing and the quality of financial reporting. We also find that bond‐specific attributes: collateral and issue size, are positively related to bond credit ratings.     

Sustainability,accountability and corporate governance: exploring multinationals' reporting practices

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in accountability pressures on particularly large global companies. The increased call for transparency comes from two different angles, which show some (potential) convergence in terms of topics and audiences: accountability requirements in the context of corporate governance, which expand to staff‐related, ethical aspects; and sustainability reporting that has broadened from environment only to social and financial issues. This article examines to what extent and how current sustainability reporting of Fortune Global 250 companies incorporates corporate governance aspects. Many multinationals, particularly in Europe and Japan, have started to pay attention to board supervision and structuring of sustainability responsibilities, to compliance, ethics and external verification. While detailed disclosures are not yet common, some notable practices can be found. Underlying dilemmas and complexities for managers in dealing with accountability to shareholders and stakeholders, and the role of auditors, are indicated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

Carbon emissions,corporate governance,and staggered boards

Carbon emissions have been identified as a major cause of global warming and are harmful to the environment. Given the seriousness of climate changes, businesses are encouraged to adopt corporate strategies to improve environmental performance. Staggered boards (or classified boards) are one of the controversial corporate governance devices being employed by corporations that protect managers from the market for corporate control. This paper explores whether staggered boards can be a useful business strategy to improve carbon emissions. Relying on a novel data set in which the presence of a staggered board is identified through advanced machine learning algorithms and textual analysis, we find that staggered boards bring about significantly worse emission performance by 10.67%. Our results corroborate the premise that staggered boards insulate self-interested managers from market discipline and thus exacerbate agency problems, resulting in more unfavorable outcomes. Further analysis validates the results, that is, propensity score matching, entropy balancing, instrumental-variable analysis, and generalized method of moments (GMM) dynamic panel data estimation. Importantly, we include firm fixed effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings indicate that de-staggered boards may help improve emission performance.