房产税税率、房产税收入与房地产税制度设计

基于房产税税率对房产税收入影响理论,运用数理模型,依据沪渝两市自然数据,考量房产税税率变化对房产税收入的影响.结果显示:房产税税率对房产税收入具有重要影响.若提高上海市房产税税率,房产税增收效果更明显;若下调重庆市房产税税率,房产税增收效应更显著.鉴于此,未来房地产税立法改革思路:一是坚持房地产税税负不增加;二是平衡好房地产税立法与其他收费制度的关系;三是统筹税制改革的协同推进;四是兼顾房地产税的地方财政属性;五是谨慎推进.同时,应遵循税收法定原则、地方财政原则、公平原则、确实原则、渐进原则和结构性调整原则.此外,在制度设计方面,纳税人的设计要体现财产税性质,征税范围要涵盖农村,课税对象要包括存量住房,税率要体现差异性,计税依据要由市场价格评估值确定,税收优惠要兼顾免税面积和特殊人群.     

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics acknowledges the assistance of

Editorial Board

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics acknowledges the assistance of     

对房地产经济学课程采取多样化教学方式的探讨

工程管理专业对所学专业课程采取多样化的教学方式是达到多层次教学目标、提高学生综合素质的必要途径,文章结合房地产经济学课程教学过程中的实践经验,对于在房地产经济学教学中可采取的多样化的教学手段进行了探讨.     

房地产价格、房地产贷款与经济增长研究

本文通过价格传导机制和多元回归分析,将理论与实证结合起来分别研究房地产贷款与房地产价格和经济增长之间是否存在显著的线性相关关系.结果表明,房地产贷款与房地产价格正线性相关;房地产贷款增长与经济增长正线性相关,而且显著性水平都大于99％.本文进而推导出房地产贷款可以作为一种调控房地产价格和经济增长一种常态化调节工具,且具有见效快、反应灵敏和便于操控的优点,同时还可以成为一种反映宏观经济状况的指标.     

Avoiding Taxes at Any Cost: The Economics of Tax-Deferred Real Estate Exchanges

This study examines the role tax-deferred exchanges play in the determination of reservation and transaction prices in U.S. commercial real estate markets. Taxpayers face significant time constraints when seeking to complete a delayed tax-deferred exchange. In a perfectly competitive market, a weakened bargaining position would not affect the transaction price. However, in illiquid, highly segmented commercial real estate markets, the exchanger may be required to pay a premium for the acquired property relative to its fair market value. Using a unique and rich dataset of commercial property transactions, we find that tax-motivated exchange buyers pay significantly more, on average, than non-exchange investors for their apartment and office properties, all else equal. Moreover, these average price premiums generally exceed the tax deferral benefits investors obtain by the use of a tax-deferred exchange. This result is robust to a number of alternative specifications. Thus, for many investors the pursuit of tax avoidance comes at a steep price.     

Introduction to Special Issue on the Economics of Information in Real Estate Markets

The articles featured in this issue are introduced, their relationships noted, and their key points highlighted.     

江西省房地产市场发展与房地产金融风险关系实证研究

金融危机爆发后,世界主要经济体普遍实行了宽松货币政策。在这一背景下,我国房地产市场强势反弹,销量涨幅创历史新高,成交均价一路走高。2009年,江西省房地产市场实现逆势上扬行情,呈现出投资增速逐月回升,供给面积低位增长,销售规模大幅上升,成交均价一路走高的运行特点。在分析江西省房地产市场运行特点的基础上,本文从实证角度考察了房地产市场发展与金融支持之间的关系。实证结果表明,房地产市场的发展、房价的上涨与金融支持之间具有相互促进、互为因果的密切关系。在此基础上进一步分析了房地产市场发展中隐含的金融风险,并提出相应的对策建议。     

Sorting,Franchising and Real Estate Brokerage Firms

Real estate markets remain localized and reflect differences by region. With a large number of brokerage firms and a smaller number of franchisors, a testable hypothesis is whether in equilibrium fees and royalties are equal to the additional return to the franchisee. If fees are set uniformly across the country, economic rents may be earned in specific local markets. Some franchisees may earn excess profits from the franchise arrangement. Empirical results for 1,143 United States residential brokerage firms in 2001 show standardized uniform franchising costs cover any added returns to franchises in the Midwest and South. Excess returns are present for franchisees in the Northeast. The probability of being a franchisee increases with size and scale.     

Inflation Illusion,Expertise and Commercial Real Estate

Data from the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (NCREIF) provide a unique setting to examine the inflation illusion hypothesis. NCREIF provides appraisal-based and transaction-based return series allowing comparison of market participants with specific valuation expertise to general market participants. Results using the appraisal-based indices indicate that the mispricing term is not statistically significantly related to expected inflation, which suggests that commercial valuers do not suffer from inflation illusion. Interestingly, results based on the investor oriented transaction-based indices show that the mispricing term is inversely related to expected inflation and that mispricing plays an important role in determining the long-term discount rate. These results are robust across different empirical specifications, inflation data and subsamples by property type. The comprehensive findings suggest that the inflation illusion effect in direct investment in real estate differs from securitized markets. This study further adds to the general literature regarding the impact of inflation illusion on asset markets by showing that experienced participants may not suffer from inflation illusion which suggests that 1) novice participants may be driving its appearance and 2) experience and training mitigate this bias.     

房地产信贷与房地产业发展问题研究——以驻马店为例

房地产业呈现迅猛发展势头,需要大量的银行信贷为其提供资金来源.驻马店市房地产信贷发展迅速,但也存在着银行信贷方式单一、手续复杂、居民收入低、消费观念落后等一些不利因素制约着房地产信贷进一步发展,应从法制、银行、消费观念及居民收入改善等环节入手消除障碍.     

Real Estate Risk,Corporate Investment and Financing Choice

This paper empirically examines how real estate risk impacts corporate investment and financing decisions. Using a panel of United States firms from 1985 to 2013, we document that real estate risk is negatively associated with firms’ long-term investments and long-term external financing in equity and debt. The results are robust to different risk measurements and in particular salient during the financial crisis period when the endogeneity between risk and investment is less of a concern. The effect on firm leverage, however, depends on risk measures. Overall, in contrast to previously documented positive effects of the real estate value, real estate risk exposure exhibits mostly the opposite effects on investment, financing and capital structure. This difference is consistent with option value determinants. Findings in this paper shed new lights on the impact of real estate holding on corporate decisions, offer a new explanation for the underperformance of hedge funds’ real estate strategies, and confirm the theoretical predictions in Deng et al. (2015).     

房贷集中度管理 如何影响房地产与银行业?

过去十余年,房地产市场因上下游产业链条长,且横跨生产、消费、流通等领域,对经济增长发挥了拉动作用,但房地产资金与金融体系绑定较重,使其成为现阶段我国金融风险方面最大的"灰犀牛".2020年12月31日,央行、银保监会联合发布《关于建立银行业金融机构房地产贷款集中度管理制度的通知》,明确建立银行业金融机构房地产贷款集中度...     

Commercial Real Estate, Information Production and Market Activity

This paper addresses several issues related to the production of information across commercial real estate markets. The purpose is to determine the extent to which factors of production might complement or substitute for one another. A simple model is presented to illustrate the potential trade-offs between appraisal- and transactions-based information production. A series of empirical tests are performed on a panel data set constructed for 51 markets covering 9 years, 2001 through 2009. The number of commercial appraisers (i.e., certified general appraisers) and the number of commercial property transactions are used as proxies for information production. Overall, the results support the substitution hypothesis. Additional analyses examine a broader definition of appraisal-based information production, as well as the influence of market transparency on the main findings of this paper. Findings based on these additional analyses indicate that the trade-off between appraisal- and transactions-based information production is more pronounced in transparent markets. We conclude that appraisal-based information as a factor of production is, potentially, most critical in markets or conditions where the information environment is incomplete (i.e., transactions are scarce or the information regarding transactions is not public).     

偏低定价、贷款放宽与房地产价格——基于PW模型的中美比较及启示

Pavlov and Wachter(2004,2006)从市场竞争的角度发现住房信贷偏低定价是推动信贷过度扩张从而导致房地产价格膨胀的一个重要原因。本文认为流动性过剩将加剧这种现象,同时贷款放宽也是推动信贷过度扩张导致房地产价格上涨的重要原因。近年来在流动性过剩下中美两国住房信贷市场都出现了偏低定价和贷款放宽现象,其表现和产生的原因具有共性和个性。在中美比较的基础上,本文提出了对我国的几点启示。     

房地产去库存:进展、问题与对策

本文分析了房地产去库存工作的进展情况,发现取得了一定的成效,但仍存在问题。根本性的问题在于住宅用地供给长期不足,导致一、二线城市房价持续上涨,存在泡沫隐患。而从结构性的角度来看,三、四线城市的主要问题在于吸引力不足,软硬件配套设施不够完善,农民工市民化也面临诸多困难。本文从五个方面提出了政策建议:一是改革土地供给制度,以置换等方式增加城市住宅用地供给,实现"人地挂钩";二是推进新型城镇化,提高三、四线城市吸引力;三是发展住房租赁市场,降低住房空置率;四是合理运用金融、税收等政策工具,促进消费需求,抑制投机需求;五是推动房地产企业转型,升级房地产供给品种。     

人口负增长对延边州房地产市场和地产金融的影响研究

根据第七次全国人口普查结果,延边州总人口为1941700人,与2010年第六次全国人口普查相比减少281563人,下降12.66％,年均下降1.34％.本文通过对人口负增长下延边州房地产市场和房地产金融的变化的梳理,以期探讨人口负增长对房地产市场的具体影响机制与效果,从而为延边地区房地产市场和房地产金融稳健可持续发展提...