对我国中小企业跨国经营的思考

随着经济全球化趋势的加强,我国越来越多的中小企业走上跨国经营的发展轨道,活跃在国际市场上。积极实施“走出去”战略是中国企业培育国际竞争力的必由之路。但我国相当一部分中小企业的跨国经营主要体现在外贸出口和少量的对外直接投资等方面．总体上还处于国际化经营的起步阶段。分析我国中小企业跨国经营的现状,对于我们研究中小企业跨国发展策略有着重要的作用。本文主要研究我国中小企业如何开展跨国经营．分析了我国中小企业国际化经营中存在的主要问题．并提出了一些建议。     

我国企业实施“走出去”战略的理论选择及支持体系

在我国企业的国际化进程中,对外直接投资的主体仍然是国有企业,因此,研究中国企业"走出去"战略必须以国有企业总体特征和现实条件的剖析为基础。由此,文章分析了传统跨国经营理论在指导国有企业实施"走出去"战略的跨国经营方面的无效性,指出现代跨国公司理论才是企业实施"走出去"战略的跨国经营的理论选择,并从政府和企业两个维度论述了如何构建一个企业实施"走出去"战略的支持体系。     

中国企业跨国经营新视角

本文通过对中国企业跨国经营的毋状与问题分析，指出中国企业应该跨越传统国际化模式，以全新的视角进行跨国经营，即以产品创新为主导，将夸身的价值链l扩张到国际化销售渠道、国际化的营销手段和最终跨国产品体系的建立上。     

经济全球化与中国企业的跨国经营战略

中国作为发展中国家，经济总体发展水平落后于发达国家，从事国际化经营企业的总体实力比不上发达国家的跨国公司。但是，凭借快速发展的母国经济，通过制定科学的国际化经营战略，中国企业同样可以在国际化经营中赢得比较优势，在国际市场上占有上席之地，并推动中国经济的进一步开放和发展。借鉴国际上其他国家跨国公司成功的经验，结合我国企业的实际，中国企业开展跨国经营战略，可以尝试进行以下安排： 一、 巩固传统市场、积极开拓新兴市场 改革开放以来，中国企业通过对外贸易、对外工程承包和劳务输出以及对外投资等方式迅速拓展…     

基于SWOT模型看我国汽车企业的国际化经营

当前，中国的汽车企业国际化经营呈现出合资企业占据主导地位、汽车出口量逐步增长和跨国并购不断活跃的趋势。基于SWOT模型，本文分析了中国汽车企业的优势、劣势及当前环境中存在的机遇与挑战，分别提出了出口、对外合资合作及跨国并购的总体战略，进而提出了中国企业国际化经营的具体对策措施。     

我国零售企业国际化经营的战略思考

随着我国零售业的开放,面对中国本土的跨国零售集团的巨大冲击,我国零售企业应开展外向型的国际化经营,开拓海外新的市场空间,创立新的竞争优势,寻找在经济全球化下的生存和发展之路。研究我国零售企业的经营国际化,对增强我国零售企业的竞争优势有着极为重要的现实意义。     

试论低碳经济模式下中国跨国经营企业的发展新思路

低碳经济作为继两次工业革命、信息革命、生物技术革命之后,即将第五次改变世界经济的革命浪潮,是中国的企业尤其是跨国经营企业在发展道路上面临的一次崭新的机遇,有可能成为重新塑造其全球地位的重要力量,同时低碳模式也给企业带来了前所未有的挑战。文章在分析低碳经济给中国跨国经营企业带来的机遇和挑战的基础上,提出了低碳经济发展模式下中国跨国经营企业的发展新思路。     

国际市场竞争环境变化与福建企业跨国经营优势增创

福建企业如何在跨国经营过程中增创竞争优势的问题正引起广泛的关注。本文从福建企业所面临的国际竞争环境入手，分析国际市场竞争环境演变发展的趋向，提出福建企业应当认识到跨国经营的战略意义，转变传统的跨国经营观念，通过竞争策略、经营方式、投资模式和地区布局等多个层面的创新，营造福建企业跨国经营的新优势。     

跨国经营:冲击与挑战

海外投资和跨国经营是社会生产力发展提高的结果,是生产社会化、国际化的必然趋势。因此,在开放的条件下,我国企业理应遵循社会大生产自身发展的规律,不失时机地开展海外投资和跨国经营,主动地走向世界,参与国际经济合作。我国企业开发国际化经营不是一种“感情冲动”。从国际环境来看,80年代以来的世界形势的变化及有利的国际环境,为我国企业开展跨国经营提供了历史性机遇。这主要表现为:冷战结束后,发展中     

温州民营企业国际化

本文首先讨论了企业国际化的理论问题。在此基础上提出了中国企业国际化分析框架——企业国际化追赶模型。认为在中国企业国际化的发展过程中 ,内向国际化和外向国际化是两个相辅相成、互为影响的发展过程。随着我国经济体制改革的深入和对外开放政策的变化 ,中国企业国际化的内容、形式和程度都有明显的不同。在经验研究部分 ,作者对 1 1 2家有海外经营业务的制造业公司进行问卷调查和部分企业的实地考察 ,从海外市场的选择与进入方式、跨国经营动机与竞争优势、企业海外经营中的困难和障碍以及发展趋势几个方面进行讨论。本文得出的基本结论是 :中国中小企业的国际化发展仍遵循渐进发展的模式。中国企业在国际化过程中 ,学习、合作、创新始终是融为一体的 ,并成为中国企业国际化的关键因素。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

For Better or for Worse? Local Impacts of the Decentralization of Indonesia’s Forest Sector

This paper quantifies the local impacts of mechanized logging on forest-dependent communities in Indonesia, before and after decentralization. A conceptual framework incorporates financial, social, enforcement, rent-seeking, and environmental impacts. Using data from 60 communities in East Kalimantan, the empirical results suggest that significantly more households received financial and in-kind benefits after decentralization compared to before. Many communities engaged in self-enforcement activities against firms both before and after decentralization. Post-decentralization, a significantly higher proportion of households perceived community forest ownership. There were few significant differences in perceived environmental impacts. Little evidence exists of a post-decentralization trade-off between environmental and financial contractual provisions.     

以资本管理为核心的银行治理综合评价指标研究

商业银行的特殊性体现在风险性、外部性和多重治理目标上,尤其集中体现在风险管理的本质上。风险管理日益成为现代商业银行的主体活动和核心职能,资本管理成为现代商业银行风险管理的核心。在整合EVA和RAROC指标的基础上。文章构建了以资本管理为核心的银行治理的综合评价指标,以求真实反映银行经营的成果,有效衡量风险收益和风险成本的对比关系,从而反映以资本管理为核心的银行风险管理的过程、能力和效率。     

Markteintrittstiming von Telekommunikationsdiensteanbietern

Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Studie analysiert für 87 Neuprodukteinführungen (NPE) und Auslandsmarkteintritte (AME) von Telekommunikations(TK)-Diensteanbietern in Deutschland, zu denen 42 Schlüsselinformanten in einer schriftlichen Befragung Auskunft gaben, (1) inwieweit deren zeitliche Eintrittspositionierung durch Marktcharakteristika und Unternehmensressourcen erkl?rbar ist sowie (2) inwieweit und gegebenenfalls unter welchen unternehmensexternen und -internen Situationsbedingungen deren Markteintrittstiming mit dem wahrgenommenen Eintrittserfolg assoziiert ist. Ein früher Markteintritt wurde dann realisiert, wenn die Wettbewerbsintensit?t im adressierten Gesch?ft niedrig und das Budget für den Expansionsschritt überdurchschnittlich ausfielen. Zwischen dem Markteintrittstiming und der Beurteilung des Eintrittserfolgs bestand ein nicht monotoner, umgekehrt U-f?rmiger Zusammenhang: Frühe Folger wiesen signifikant bessere Erfolgswerte auf als Pioniere und sp?te Folger, deren Erfolgsniveaus nicht signifikant divergierten. In einer Industrie, die durch starke externe Netzeffekte gepr?gt ist, fallen offenbar die Nachteile eines Markteintritts als Pionier oder sp?ter Folger st?rker ins Gewicht als die Vorteile dieser beiden zeitlichen Eintrittspositionierungen. Unabh?ngig vom Markteintrittstiming wurden NPE/AME von TK-Unternehmen als erfolgreicher eingestuft, wenn sie sich in einen Markt mit stark wachsender Nachfrage und aufeinander abgestimmt (re)agierenden Wettbewerbern mit qualitativ überdurchschnittlichen, abw?rtskompatiblen, erprobbaren und wenig erkl?rungsbedürftigen TK-Diensten engagierten.      

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.