美国宪法构造的历史逻辑及其宪政文化意义

一方面 ,美国宪法成长的历史轨迹充分反映了宪法发展的自我逻辑 ,并影响和规定了美国宪法的构造。美国宪法的架构是美国社会变迁的制度轨迹 ,其构造规定着美国的权力结构及其行使方式 ,蕴涵了权利至上的宪政理念 ,也塑造了美国独有的分权制衡模式并深刻地影响了西方的宪政架构。另一方面 ,美国宪法的成长有其深厚的社会基础 :以普通法为中心的自然法理念奠定了美国宪法成长的观念性基础 ;多元利益集团是美国宪法得以产生的社会结构基础 ;市场经济的发展对美国宪法的成长提供源源不断的动力。     

社会阶层评价指标研究的演进、成就与困境

从社会阶层界定、社会阶层评价指标、社会阶层评价指标的成就和社会阶层评价指标的不足四个方面来梳理西方和中国关于社会阶层评价指标的文献。研究发现，社会阶层评价指标的选取会影响社会阶层划分结果和对社会结构变迁地认识，我国相关研究已经取得了不少成就，形成了具有中国特色的社会阶层结构理论，但也存在划分标准与划分基础单一、结果不具可比性等问题。因此，有必要建立一套具有科学性、合理性、动态性、适用性的评价指标体系。     

社会阶层评价指标研究的演进、成就与困境

从社会阶层界定、社会阶层评价指标、社会阶层评价指标的成就和社会阶层评价指标的不足四个方面来梳理西方和中国关于社会阶层评价指标的文献。研究发现,社会阶层评价指标的选取会影响社会阶层划分结果和对社会结构变迁地认识,我国相关研究已经取得了不少成就,形成了具有中国特色的社会阶层结构理论,但也存在划分标准与划分基础单一、结果不具可比性等问题。因此,有必要建立一套具有科学性、合理性、动态性、适用性的评价指标体系。     

Social distance and shopping behavior

This research was designed to see whether a reconceptualization of social distance (as measured by social class variables) between shoppers and stores would provide a basis for understanding store avoidance behavior. A survey of shoppers classified into two distinct social classes investigated their images, including social class images, of two stores that had been selected as representatives of upscale and downscale retailers. A new measure of social distance was proposed and evaluated. Controlling for other functional aspects of store image such as price and personnel, the social distance measure was found to be influential in discriminating shopping frequency groups for the two stores, providing evidence that people tend to avoid stores that are perceived as being socially distant from themselves.     

整合的社会工作专业实践模式的构建

通过多年具体教学实践的探索,提出了在东北老工业基地社会组织发育不良的基础上,如何搞好适合本土的专业社会工作实践教学模式,构建整合的社会工作模式,即整合实践教育基地,实现嵌入式发展;整合现有社会资源,实现双导师制;构建探访类与实操类相结合的社会工作专业实践体系.     

构建社会主义和谐社会应更加重视调整社会结构

合理的社会结构是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要基础。改革开放以来，中国的社会结构虽已发生了深刻变化，但在就业结构、城乡结构、社会阶层结构等方面仍存在与社会主义现代化建设要求不相适应的问题，需要及时调整。国家应通过社会体制的改革与社会政策的调整和创新，把构建一个合理的社会结构提到应有的重要议事日程上来，要像抓经济体制改革那样抓社会体制改革，下决心改革户籍制度，调整城乡结构，改革农民工体制，调整就业结构。通过改革和调整，形成合理的社会阶层结构。     

美国华裔女性形象定位——一个美国文学研究的角度

本文所涉及的问题是在全球化和多元文化共存的今天,华裔女性是如何从文化、种族、性别的"他者"地位,逐步走向自我觉醒和自我开拓的.通过文化研究及文学比较等手段对各阶段的文学文本和社会、文化、历史等问题作了较为细致而深入的探讨,追溯了华裔女性生存、发展的艰辛与挫折,揭示华裔女性形象随美国华裔文学发展而演进的脉络;从若干女性问题出发剖析了华裔女性自身的矛盾与迷惑.     

Early twentieth-century Japanese worker saving: precautionary behaviour before a social safety net

This paper pools data from independent household surveys of Japanese workers roughly spanning the Taishō period (1912–1926), a time before private-business or government-provided social safety nets. First, we construct estimates of permanent and transitory income and then estimate saving functions consistent with intertemporal optimization. The saving behaviour of Japanese worker households is in turn compared with that of American worker households before World War I, a time when they too lacked access to general social services. The estimated marginal propensities to save out of permanent and transitory incomes were quite similar for Japanese and American worker households, but the Japanese ones saved more at a given level of income. The economic environment facing Japanese workers, however, seemed to be no riskier than that facing American workers. We attribute instead this result primarily to the widespread postal savings banks in Japan which increased the convenience and decreased the risk of saving.     

美国社会福利制度的现代化进程

美国社会福利制度的现代化开始是以1935年通过的《社会保障法》为标志的,美国社会福利制度现代化的完成是以林登·约翰逊总统的＂伟大社会＂计划的提出和实施为标志。美国的社会福利制度的现代化有其自己的特点和不足,在西欧社会福利陷入困境的21世纪,美国的社会福利是非常值得研究的。     

Expanding understanding of service exchange and value co-creation: a social construction approach

According to service-dominant logic (S-D logic), all providers are service providers, and service is the fundamental basis of exchange. Value is co-created with customers and assessed on the basis of value-in-context. However, the extensive literature on S-D logic could benefit from paying explicit attention to the fact that both service exchange and value co-creation are influenced by social forces. The aim of this study is to expand understanding of service exchange and value co-creation by complementing these central aspects of S-D logic with key concepts from social construction theories (social structures, social systems, roles, positions, interactions, and reproduction of social structures). The study develops and describes a new framework for understanding how the concepts of service exchange and value co-creation are affected by recognizing that they are embedded in social systems. The study contends that value should be understood as value-in-social-context and that value is a social construction. Value co-creation is shaped by social forces, is reproduced in social structures, and can be asymmetric for the actors involved. Service exchanges are dynamic, and actors learn and change their roles within dynamic service systems.     

布什政府的社会保障政策

党派对立不利于社会保障政策的稳定。美国克林顿政府的社会保障政策是财政预算余额的大部分用来补充社会保障资金,大力发展社区福利;美国布什政府的社会保障政策是通过减税来减少财政预算余额,社会保障私有化、发展灵活的职工养老金计划。     

浅议美国文化中影响美语词语的几个因素

通过实例可以看到美国文化中历史、个体主义、政治、创新精神对美语词语的影响,作为美国文化信息的载体和美国文化主客观的表现形式的美语词语,真实地反映了美国社会的现实以及美国社会独有的文化特征和风貌.     

高职思想政治理论课"三模块"教学模式探索

依据素质教育的内在要求、思想政治理论课教学特点以及高职教学特点,即以课堂理论教学为基础,以专题讲座教学为补充,以社会实践教学为延伸、内化、检验、运用的＂三位一体＂教学模式应成为高职思想政治理论课教学改革的特色模式.     

美国破产法改革与危机应对——兼论我国自然人破产制度的确立

美国的破产法发展历程与经济危机密切相关,或者是应对经济危机或者是诱发了经济危机。本次金融危机爆发后,我国经济发展陷入困境、社会矛盾凸显,急需改变经济增长模式、化解社会矛盾。美国的经验与教训为我们提供了示范,从破产法改革入手,建立自然人破产制度可以促进经济增长方式转变,缓和社会矛盾。     

试论黑人英语在《哈克尔贝里·芬历险记》中的文学作用

马克·吐温的代表作《哈克尔贝里·芬历险记》是美国文学的里程碑,它开创了美国小说口语化的先河。作者在作品中大量地使用黑人英语,对于作品的成功起到了非常重要的作用。黑人英语是英语的一种变体,其语音、形态、句法和词汇系统有明显不同于标准英语的特征。它的形成是特定的社会环境、教育背景和经济状态所致,这与民族本身无关。作品中黑人方言的运用对于表现当时的社会状况、塑造人物性格、揭示作品主题等方面起着重要的文学作用。     

The perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility on organizational effectiveness: A survey of marketers

A necessary but insufficient condition for marketers to act ethically and be socially responsible is that they must perceive ethics and social responsibility to be important. However, little is known about marketers’ perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility components of business decisions. The objectives of this study are (1)to assess the marketing practitioners’ perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility in achieving organizational effectiveness, and (2) to analyze the relative influences of selected personal characteristics and organizational factors underlying a marketer’s perceived importance of ethics and social responsibility. The results from a mail survey of American Marketing Association members indicate that the marketers generally believe that ethics and social responsibility are important components of organizational effectiveness. The results partly indicate that there is a positive relationship between a marketer’s corporate ethical values and his or her perceptions regarding the importance of ethics and social responsibility. The results also indicate that the marketers’ perceptions regarding ethics and social responsibility can be explained by idealism and relativism. He has also served on the marketing faculty at Thammasat University, Thailand. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Mississippi. His research focusing on marketing ethics and social responsibility has been published inJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Macromarketing, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, and elsewhere. He received his D.B.A. in management from the University of Maryland. His work on business ethics, organizational design, and strategic planning has been published inAcademy of Management Review, American Business Review, andJournal of Business Ethics. His current research interest centers on the measurement of moral intensity. He received his Ph.D. from Texas Tech University. His work has appeared inJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Macromarketing, Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, Research in Marketing, and elsewhere. He received his Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Mississippi. His research has been published inJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management, Journal of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, and elsewhere. His research interests include marketing ethics, health care marketing, international marketing, and direct marketing.     

美国高等教育对我们的启示

本文主要是通过笔者的学习考察体会，并结合高校的管理实际，从学校的定位、创新创业意识与能力培养、服务于社会与区域经济、服务于学生等四个方面对美国高等教育的一些先进理念及做法进行领会和借鉴。     

企业社会责任的动态边界假说——基于效率内涵演进的分析及其拓展

企业社会责任的边界是研究企业社会责任问题的基础,含混不清的企业社会责任边界论有碍于实践过程中的具体操作.基于对企业效率内涵演进的分析,企业社会责任的边界理应囿于法律责任和道德责任之内,在这一边界内有众多的、可以清楚描述的具体责任需要企业履行.但是,不能要求所有的企业都承担同样的社会责任,而应针对不同企业的具体情况提出有针对性和有可操作性的社会责任要求.     

Black ethnicity and innovative communication

Behavioral scientists have noted an increasing emphasis on ethnicity and ethnically defined identities among diverse social groups. The relationships between ethnicity and a concept central to the innovation diffusion paradigm—innovative communication—are empirically investigated within the Black American subculture. Tests of seven hypotheses derived from prior research on black-white consumption patterns reveal significant differences in the correlates of this diffusion construct which appear to be attributable to both ethnic and socioeconomic influences.