江苏省第三产业就业效应分析

运用面板数据模型是计算三次产业及第三产业内部各行业的就业弹性的一种较好的方法。运用此法我们可分析出1994～2004年江苏省第三产业就业效应变动的趋势特点及其内在原因，从而为我们发展第三产业、缓解就业压力作出思考。     

加快第三产业发展的政策和战略研究

我国第三产业目前还处于比较落后的状态。加快发展第三产业,是第一、第二产业进一步发展的必然选择,是扩大就业领域的迫切要求,是提高城乡人民生活水平的重要条件,也是推进社会主义市场经济体制建立的客观要求。为此,我们必须树立市场经济观念,加大对第三产业的资金投入,放宽一系列有关政策,提高第三产业的社会化水平,建立城乡社会综合服务体系,完善行业管理体系,提高第三产业就业入员的素质,等等。     

基于投入产出法的江苏省行业吸纳就业能力研究

通过建立投入产出模型,对江苏省2002年和2007年各行业的影响力系数、劳动力投入系数、就业效应和后变异系数等指标进行了计算,发现:经济的高速增长没有带来就业的快速增加;第二产业影响力较大,但吸纳就业能力不强;第三产业吸纳就业能力较强,但影响相对集中。在此基础上识别出江苏省对就业具有重大影响的关键行业,并提出扩大就业的政策建议。     

离岸服务外包对我国就业的影响

利用1997、2000、2002、2005、2007、2010年中国投入产出数据测算了14个行业的离岸服务外包率,定量分析了离岸服务对我国全行业的就业影响,并利用第一、二产业与第三产业两个分样本面板数据探讨了离岸服务外包对不同类别的产业就业影响的差异性。结论显示:1997—2010年,我国离岸服务外包率总体水平不高,并呈现先升后降的趋势。从全行业来看,服务外包率的增加会对国内就业产生显著的负效应,从产业类别来看,服务外包对第一、二产业就业的影响有限,对第三产业就业影响较大,应采取大力发展服务业,提升服务质量;重视经济安全,适当限制服务输入;加强人才培养,积累人力资本等措施,以稳定就业水平。     

第三产业推动合肥市经济和就业协调发展的研究

近几年合肥市第三产业发展迅速,对经济增长的推动力逐渐增强,并成为吸纳劳动力、增加就业的主导产业。在对合肥市产业结构及就业结构现状分析的基础上,着重对第三产业促进就业的具体情况进行了剖析,并针对目前存在的一些问题提出了相关的对策建议,以促使“十一五”时期合肥市经济和人口就业的协调发展。     

劳动就业与第三产业增长关系计量分析

一般认为,第三产业是增加就业的主领域,而本文从另一个角度运用计量经济学方法研究了广东劳动就业与第三产业增长的关系。格兰杰因果检验、协整检验到建立误差修正模型,探索了两者的长期均衡关系和短期动态关系。实证分析表明,从业规模的扩大有利于第三产业创造更多的增加值,但行业内部结构调整过程中就业结构的变化差异制约着第三产业吸纳就业能力的发挥。     

广东省就业结构变动趋势分析

本文认为,加入WTO后,广东省从就业的产业结构来看,劳动力正加速从第一产业向第二、第三产业转移;从就业的行业结构来看,劳动越来越密集化,经济和就业结构不断向劳动密集型行业转变;就业机会的增加主要集中在纺织、服装、食品、皮革制品与建筑建材等劳动密集型行业。文章提出,加快广东省就业结构转换的对策,一是加快经济增长,继续实施有利于促进就业的经济政策;二是提高城市化水平,扩大就业容量;三是调整产业结构,加快发展第三产业;四是建立城乡统一的劳动力市场,加快农村剩余劳动力转移。     

中国服务进出口贸易对第三产业就业效应——基于1982-2008年VAR和VEC的计量分析

基于对1982-2008年的服务贸易进出口额、第三产业就业数的时间序列数据的实证研究,结果表明：服务贸易出口与第三产业就业正相关,但服务贸易进口与第三产业就业负相关,并且从长期来看,服务贸易进口对第三产业就业负拉动效应大于服务贸易出口正拉动效应。短期内,服务贸易出口显著地促进第三产业就业的增加,服务贸易进口则与第三产业存在着并不显著的负相关关系。     

加入WTO后我国第三产业发展的若干对策

经过２０年的改革与发展,我国第三产业在促进经济增长、吸引劳动力就业等方面作出了重大贡献,但仍存在着总体规模小,发展速度慢、内部结构不合理等问题,制约了第三产业的进一步发展。笔者认为,通过提高对第三产业的地位和作用的认识、消除发展中的各种障碍、优化结构体系、重点发展部分行业以及提高第三产业的组织化程度等对策,抓住加入ＷＴＯ这一大契机,可以实现我国第三产业的高效发展和素质提升。     

第三产业发展问题及对策分析——以安徽省为例

第三产业的发展程度往往标志着一个国家或地区的经济发展水平,第三产业在经济发展中成为主导行业,是社会化生产和产业结构高度化的必然趋势,是现代化的重要标志,大力发展第三产业对安徽省来说具有重要意义。作者在对安徽省第三产业发展的基本现状和存在的问题进行分析的基础上,初步探讨了安徽省第三产业的发展对策。     

Asset specificity and behavioral uncertainty as moderators of the sales growth — Employment growth relationship in emerging ventures

Sales growth and employment growth are the two most widely used growth indicators for new ventures; yet, sales growth and employment growth are not interchangeable measures of new venture growth. Rather, they are related, but somewhat independent constructs that respond differently to a variety of criteria. Most of the literature treats this as a methodological technicality. However, sales growth with or without accompanying employment growth has very different implications for managers and policy makers. A better understanding of what drives these different growth metrics has the potential to lead to better decision making. To improve that understanding we apply transaction cost economics reasoning to predict when sales growth will be or will not be accompanied by employment growth. Our results indicate that our predictions are borne out consistently in resource-constrained contexts but not in resource-munificent contexts.     

新疆服务业竞争力分析

新疆具有与其他省市地区不一样的自然条件、经济环境,使得新疆服务业的发展也具有了自身的特点。新疆的工业化水平不高,第三产业产值比重在全国最低。大力发展新疆服务业,对于推进新疆工业化、城镇化进程,解决就业问题,保证新疆社会稳定,具有非常重要的现实意义。通过对新疆服务业的实证分析,新疆的服务业为了实现内部结构的高度化,应将服务业的发展从第一、第二层次向第二、第三层次转变。     

The effect of working time preferences and fair wage perceptions on entrepreneurial intentions among employees

To date, little is known about how working time preferences and fair wage perceptions affect employees’ entrepreneurial intentions. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we provide first evidence that the difference between the actual and desired amount of working hours in paid employment is positively related to the propensity to switch to self-employment. Furthermore, our analysis supports the hypothesis that employees who perceive their current wage level as very unfair are more likely to have higher entrepreneurial intentions. However, the closer actual wages get to the wage levels perceived as fair, the more employees are likely to remain in their current employment situation. We also tested the interaction effect of working time preferences and fair wage perceptions. In line with our theoretical considerations, we find that employees who perceive their wages as unfair and, simultaneously, prefer different work hours have the strongest entrepreneurial intentions.     

Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand: Recent Trends

This paper reviews the evolution of small and medium firms in Thailand in recent years. It shows that such firms did not preserve their share of total employment during the period 1987–96; indeed, their share fell from 60% to 52% over this period. Much of this decline was felt in the category of very small firms (with less than 10 workers). This aspect is explored further by looking at small firm employment shares in three sub-periods of varying overall economic growth rates. It is found that when overall economic growth is high, the share of small firms tends to contract possibly because many small firms become medium in size and others disband because their owners can find more remunerative employment in larger firms. In slower growth periods, the employment share of small firms appears to rise probably because larger firms may be taking in less new workers or even laying off workers. The paper also calculates productivity measures (technical efficiency and total factor productivity) and shows that different measures give different rankings by size of firm.     

Having your cake and eating it too? A two-stage model of the impact of employment and parallel job search on hybrid nascent entrepreneurship

Hybrid entrepreneurship, simultaneous employment and entrepreneurship, is increasingly prevalent. We theorize entrepreneurial entry as one possible outcome of a two-stage new employment search process 1) decision to search for a job, attempt a start-up, or both and 2) outcome of start-up attempts. Stage 2 is critically different for hybrid (employed) nascent entrepreneurs who have greater access to resources and experience lower risk but also more salient alternative employment options. Using a novel longitudinal panel of new employment opportunity seekers, we find that employment status matters and that “parallel search” for a new job is detrimental to successful entrepreneurial entry.     

农民工就业歧视的经济学分析

劳动力市场就业歧视是一个世界性的问题,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都不同程度地存在着这一问题。而农民工就业歧视是我国劳动力市场上特有的现象。本文结合国情,描述农民工就业歧视的种种表现,揭示农民工就业歧视的根源,分析农民工就业歧视对城市就业人口的就业影响,进而提出消除歧视的相应对策。     

社会性别视角下大学生就业意识的性别差异——以武汉地区高校为例

本文从社会性别的视角,采用问卷调查法对武汉地区6所高校的在校本科生进行就业意识性别差异调查,研究发现总体上当代大学生在就业中的主体意识增强,但就业意识较重视个人价值的实现,忽视社会责任。与男大学生对比,女大学生职业价值观的功利性突显;女大学生及其家庭在就业问题上心理压力更大;女大学生社会性别意识模糊,对于未来在职业与家庭间的定位较为迷茫;男、女大学生在职场存在不同的性别利益。因此,国家在制定与执行就业政策时,应考虑就业政策对两性的差异化的影响,避免政策层面的性别歧视或性别偏向。高校应将社会性别意识纳入就业促进工作,针对当前女大学生就业意识存在的问题进行干预。     

New Work Forms: How to Integrate Them in Our Social Insurances

The increase in the group of atypical workers means that their social security protection needs reviewing. How far should we go in approaching social security for self-employed workers, flex workers, crowd workers and all new employment relationships differently? This will depend on the number of elements in respect to which the atypical employment relationship differs from the established standard: the full-time employee with a permanent employment contract. What we propose is a social security system that is sufficiently flexible in its implementation to give the different groups of workers an equal place and at the same time maintain a financially sustainable social security system providing sufficient social security protection for typical and atypical workers.

     

新入职大学生员工主动离职的成因与对策

由于初次就业质量不高,企业提供的发展空间有限,且薪资福利偏低,造成部分大学生频繁跳槽,结果让多方受损。要改变这种现象,高校应做好大学生的职业生涯规划教育,提高大学生的初次就业质量;企业应完善用人机制,给大学生员工提供更好的职业发展平台;大学生自身应积极调整好心态,更好更快地融入组织。     

Trade liberalization and informality nexus: Evidence from Pakistan

This study investigates the impact of trade openness on informal sector employment during the drastic 1988s trade reforms of Pakistan. It is generally perceived that increased external competition in less developed countries results in as an expansion in informal sector, which has less compliance with labor market regulations. Using micro-level data of Pakistan, we study the adjustments in the employment of informal sector due to trade openness. We find that informality and trade openness are associated. In Pakistan, trade reforms have given rise to employment in the informal sector. Our findings are robust to different trade-related measures. A substantial flexibility in labor market is required to benefit from the gains of liberalization.