共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Humans are involved in every incident. Humans design, operate and maintain the equipment we operate. Yet human performance may not be a primary area of focus. The UK HSE requires task analysis on some tasks which has prompted a greater understanding of human performance basics than in the United States, where the topic is not directly addressed in regulation. Often human factors studies use vocabulary that is not familiar to process safety professionals and require specialist consultant support. This article will share a tool developed by BP based on approaches used in the United Kingdom. The tool provides a step-by-step approach for considering the human performance of a task [to design the task to reduce mistakes OR to promote safe, reliable completion of the task]. It uses simple terminology and may be used by process safety professionals and operations personnel. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e12003, 2019 相似文献
2.
David A. Lee 《Process Safety Progress》2020,39(3):e12119
This paper focuses on human factors and safety with advanced operator graphics (AOG). The operator interface to your control systems is an important part of the operator's ability to control the plant processes safely. A well-designed graphic that encourages situational awareness allows for a more accurate and timelier operator response. By using leading indicators, deviating process values that predict the onset of an abnormal condition can be easily identified and corrected before they alarm or trip. Direct data entry into shapes helps to reduce operator errors by 50% and improves focus by removing the need for calling up faceplates to make process changes. Smart shapes can enhance the performance of operators by giving them visual references of the state of the process, allowing for issues to be detected in earlier stages. In short, using AOG, operators have a window into the process to operate safely and with fewer errors. 相似文献
3.
The first true deadline for conducting dust hazard analyses (DHAs) has come and gone. But what has been learned, and how can the DHA be used to make a difference in safety? Successful strategies have been developed to fully utilize the lessons from a DHA to reduce the risks of combustible dust fires and explosions. Using the lessons already learned by others can reduce the resources required to successfully implement and sustain recommendations, as well as increase the efficiency with which the recommendations are resolved. This article will describe how to utilize the outcomes of a DHA to successfully improve the safety and management systems for your combustible dust process. Topics to be covered include: (1) solving problematic issues common in combustible dust processes; (2) using interim solutions; (3) prioritizing recommendations to address the highest risks first, balanced with achieving the largest risk reduction in the shortest amount of time; (4) developing pragmatic solutions to resolving DHA recommendations and reducing risk; and (5) documenting and managing information to prepare for your 5-year DHA revalidation. 相似文献
4.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) floating production storage offloading, or floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG), is an offshore unit used to produce LNG from offshore gas reservoirs. The liquefaction is critical process for liquefying natural gas (NG) into LNG. Among NG liquefaction technologies used in the industry, single mixed refrigerant, dual mixed refrigerant (DMR), and the nitrogen expansion liquefaction process have been considered for FLNG on account of its space limitations and higher safety standards. In particular, the DMR liquefaction process is preferred for a large FLNG because of its high efficiency. Many studies have been suggested about an efficiency of DMR, but a few studies have been conducted on their process safety although different configurations in process concepts can cause meaningful differences in operating conditions and safety. In this study, two DMR process configurations were optimized to maximize the efficiency and conceptual explosion risk was analyzed to compare their risk at the conceptual design stage. The results showed a difference between the explosion risks by the differences in the optimal mixed refrigerant compositions and number of devices, with similar efficiencies. These results can provide insight for a risk management strategy at the conceptual design stage, to minimize the unexpected cost generation. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 38: 87–98, 2019 相似文献
5.
Trish Kerin 《Process Safety Progress》2020,39(1):e12088
On the 25th October 2016, the Thunder River Rapids ride at Dreamworld on Australia's Gold Coast suffered a pump failure, resulting in the tragic deaths of four riders. This incident was investigated by the police and later a coronial inquest to determine how a tragedy like this could occur. As a process safety professional, it was interesting to follow the coronial inquest findings and then think about how process safety management may have helped to prevent this incident. Assuming that a process safety event can be defined as a high consequence or potential consequence low likelihood loss of control event, this incident had all the hallmarks. Therefore, it is possible to apply the IChemE Safety Centre (ISC) framework for process safety to identify where the system failed and understand how it could be averted in future. This article will explore various elements of the incident and how process safety management techniques may have helped, including that the ride had been modified to be different from all other similar rides, that the staff did not know how to stop the ride in an emergency and that all means to stop the ride required manual detection and intervention, with no alarms or shut down systems installed. 相似文献
6.
Industrial safety ordinance (ISO), implemented in Contra Costa County in 1998, and in the city of Richmond in 2000, expands on the California accidental release program (CalARP) and requires the consideration of inherently safer design (ISD). Identifying ISD-based corrective actions as part of incident investigations is an opportunity to consider ISD within the existing process safety management framework. The objectives of this work were to analyze corrective actions from ISO incident investigation reports with respect to the hierarchy of controls, to identify additional ISD-based corrective actions for an incident using the ISD bow tie protocol, and to develop additional ISD example-based guidance. Thirty incidents from 2001 to 2018 were analyzed, and 227 recommended corrective actions were documented and categorized according to the hierarchy of controls. An incident at the Tesoro Golden Eagle Refinery on September 15, 2004 was analyzed, and five additional ISD-based corrective actions were identified. This work suggests that using the ISD bow tie protocol and example-based guidance, in addition to ISD checklists and guidewords in incident investigations could help identify more ISD-based corrective actions. 相似文献
7.
Instrumentation and electrical (I&E) maintenance is typically managed using site-wide policies, practices, and procedures. Since I&E equipment is part of the control system and nearly every other layer of protection, the cumulative impact of poor I&E performance can be a significant contributor to major events. Systematic problems in managing I&E equipment reliability lower process safety performance across a site. Practical guidance is needed on how to assess the vulnerability of existing sites to instrumented safeguard failure due to maintenance deficits. This paper leverages Reason's organizational accident model as a framework to discuss site-specific factors that impact a site's susceptibility to maintenance error. A table of more than 60 human factors covering I&E maintenance activities was developed and organized by four elements of causality: organizational processes, workplace practices, personnel traits, and enabling conditions. The human factors table can be used to rate an industrial site on a negative-to-positive scale, highlighting those areas where systematic changes would likely improve maintenance performance and instrument reliability. 相似文献
8.
Ruipeng Tong Xuesong Yang Hui Zhao Trent Parker Qingsheng Wang 《Process Safety Progress》2020,39(4):e12147
In this work, 790 documents involving Process Safety Management (PSM) published from 1998 to 2018 are collected. These papers are classified and VOSviewer is employed to conduct keyword co-occurrence analysis. Furthermore, this work discusses the current situation of Chinese PSM in terms of incidents, regulations, and rules involving PSM, and compares the development of PSM in China with that of other countries. Through a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis, this work proposes tasks that are necessary to improve the effectiveness of Chinese PSM. The results show that the numbers of documents involving PSM in China have experienced enormous growth after 2010, and safety management has been the most prominent topic. In addition, severe chemical incidents triggered by similar causes tend to reoccur in China because of failures of PSM. Therefore, to improve the effectiveness of Chinese PSM, much work remains to be done, with the primary task being to ensure that comprehensive PSM programs are implemented effectively. To improve the effects of implementation, strengthened regulations and legal systems related to PSM are the most important measures to be taken. Additionally, China should learn from the experiences of other countries and should share its experiences with other emerging economies. 相似文献
9.
安全阀在化工装置中属于重要的部分,只有确保安全阀的质量性能符合标准才能有效维护化工装置的安全水平。基于此,文章研究化工装置安全阀工艺设计,提出附属管道应力分析的建议,增强安全阀的应用效果与性能。 相似文献
10.
人力资本治理模式的选择--基于任务复杂性的分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
企业的存在、发展、成熟与衰退的演化过程蕴含着不同特征的任务。本文运用过程与效果两因素将任务的复杂性分成5阶(包括0阶),深入地剖析了这5阶复杂性任务与资产的专用性,尤其是人力资本的通用性、专用性、专有性及通用的专有性之之间的对应关系,指出复杂性任务与人力资本的不同组合其治理成本存在着差异,其选择的治理模式也应有所不同。在此基础上,推断出相应的理论命题。 相似文献
11.
Muhammad Athar Azmi M. Shariff Azizul Buang Heri Hermansyah 《Process Safety Progress》2020,39(Z1):e12108
Process safety concept is used to deal with accident scenarios occurring as a result of loss containment. There are four tactics of process safety, and due to superior characteristics, the inherent theme is given priority at the preliminary design stage. In open literature, various methods have been proposed to identify the inherent safety level, and among these indexing methods are typically used. The reported indices have a shortcoming that these have not considered equipment characteristics for inherent safety assessment. Therefore, a new indexing method is proposed in this article to improve the quantification of inherent safety level. This index incorporates process, chemical, and equipment aspects to define the safety level of various process routes via the relative ranking. The proposed index has been tested on process routes to produce methyl methacrylate, which confirms the applicability of this index. The index would enable the practitioners to thoroughly analyze and compare the process routes to identify the inherently safer route. 相似文献
12.
Management of change (MOC) is the cornerstone of a successful risk-based process safety (RBPS) management program. Safe operation and maintenance of facilities that manufacture or store hazardous chemicals require robust process safety management (PSM) systems. The MOC element of a PSM program establishes a formal, documented, and authorization process for any proposed changes to manage changes that may introduce unexpected new hazards or increase the risk of existing hazards. Furthermore, the MOC process ensures that changes are communicated to potentially affected personnel, as well as ensures that all affected documentation is updated. A poor MOC program has been a root cause of several process safety incidents, including the Flixborough disaster. The temporary modifications did not go through a proper review process; an effective MOC program could have discovered the design flaws before the change was implemented and prevented the explosion. In addition to case studies such as this, this paper will provide an overview of best management practices and essential features for the MOC element, which can be used as a basis to develop or evaluate existing MOC management systems, and as a result, play a role in identifying hazards, managing risk, and sustaining safe operations. 相似文献
13.
Michael Dossey 《Process Safety Progress》2009,28(3):214-220
Starting in 1999, regulated industrial facilities in Contra Costa County, California were required to develop Human Factors Programs as part of the Industrial Safety Ordinance (ISO). Human Factors Programs within the County are designed to be a thorough assessment of the interactions between equipment, work processes, procedures, practices, work environment, people, and management systems as they relate to health and safety. Committees were established at each facility to oversee the development, training, and execution of the site-specific programs. Primary areas of focus in the ongoing implementation of an effective Human Factors Program are periodic assessments and resolution of Latent Conditions, and performance of Management of Organizational Change Assessments before staffing changes. This article describes the steps that facilities in Contra Costa County have taken to develop comprehensive site specific Human Factors Programs. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009 相似文献
14.
Angela E. Summers 《Process Safety Progress》2009,28(3):210-213
It is undeniable that safe operation and process reliability are not only compatible but highly interrelated. Reliable production units rarely have safety incidents, whereas unreliable ones tend to repeatedly experience abnormal operation. To prevent incidents, personnel, procedures, and equipment must be aligned to facilitate rapid identification and response to failures of the control system and protective safeguards. Safe and reliable performance requires minimization of the root causes that lead to abnormal and emergency operation. The challenges to accomplishing this in a timely manner are considerable, but not insurmountable. This article discusses various challenges to sustaining safe operation of process equipment. Each challenge is introduced using a philosophical saying from a Chinese fortune cookie to remind the reader that the barriers against progress are not new but have existed from many years. In most cases, the solutions are also well known and generally require deployment of robust equipment, proven techniques, and competent resources. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2009 相似文献
15.
John W. Herber CCPSC 《Process Safety Progress》2020,39(2):e12159
A number of economic factors have collided recently: the step drop in the price of oil, uncertainty in the United States and global economies, and mixed signals from economic and political leaders of many countries. All of these conditions have placed companies, especially those affected by oil prices under difficult economic stress. Companies are taking radical actions to, reduce capital and operational spending and in general, reduce cost. These economic pressures can be onerous on all areas of a business, but especially on the production floor-level operations. Cost-cutting dicta come from the executive levels, demanding a significant reduction in operating expenses or capital expenditures even when production levels are stable or increasing. While all areas of a company feel the impacts, key process safety impacts are felt on the shop floor; by the exact people, process safety is meant to protect, the operators, maintenance personnel and their supervisors. During these times of extreme economic pressure, it is imperative that process safety systems are not allowed to lose effectiveness. This article is intended to serve as a reminder of some impacts of cost cutting and to present tools to combat the loss of process safety effectiveness. 相似文献
16.
The importance of using leading and lagging metrics to drive improvement in process safety performance at complex process facilities has been well documented. Organizations are challenged to develop an appropriate set of metrics that will provide a holistic view of process safety management system health to allow for corrective action against poor performance. This article will share a new complex process facility's journey in establishing leading and lagging metrics, the metric review cycle applied to drive improvement, and examples of these improvements. 相似文献
17.
The integration of process safety management (PSM) in the transition towards a circular economy (CE) has received increased attention and consideration across a number of disciplines in the recent industrial revolution 4.0. However, questions have been raised about the conventional PSM systems lacking sustainability consideration. The purpose of this study is to introduce an emerging paradigm of sustainable process safety management (SPSM) for the industrial revolution 4.0 from the CE and sustainability point of view. By assessing the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1910 and available global PSM frameworks, this study has identified areas of improvement for corporations and presented an SPSM framework from the social, economic, and environmental perspectives in a CE. The proposed framework makes a contribution that connects the sustainability and CE perspective with the PSM and provides a basis for the future sustainable process safety guidelines for policymakers, practitioners, and industries. Additionally, this study proposed a paradigm umbrella that connects to the PSM by focusing on social, economic, and environmental pillars from sustainability that are relevant and applicable for the industrial revolution 4.0. Furthermore, it engraves a trail of imminent research possibilities in adopting an integrated sustainable PSM framework in a CE. 相似文献
18.
随着中国科技领域不断发展,化工行业在科技进步的带动下取得前所未有的发展成果。对于化工企业而言,化工工艺设计与安装属于自身发展的关键所在,需要受到高度重视。文章针对上述内容展开研究,分析化工工艺安装具有的重要作用,总结相关工作经验。 相似文献
19.
On March 21, 2019, a serious explosion of hazardous chemicals occurred in Tianjiayi Company located in Xiangshui Chemical Industry Park in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China. Seventy-eight people were killed and 716 were injured. It is the most severe accident since the globally recognized fire and explosion at a hazardous chemical warehouse in Tianjin Port, Tianjin, China in 2015. According to the preliminary analysis of the Yancheng accident and the review of previous studies about the Tianjin Port accident, there are similarities regarding the process of the two accidents. Therefore, in addition to reporting the investigation results of the Yancheng accident, an important aim of this work is to focus on the brief comparative analysis between it and the Tianjin Port accident. The comparisons were mainly conducted according to the basic information of the events, triggers and processes, individual factors, organizational management factors, external regulatory factors, and then the differences and similarities between the two accidents are summarized. Thus, useful lessons in the aspects of the storage and management of hazardous chemicals, safety training and accident learning, implementation of safety management system, government supervision, and so on, can be drawn to avoid similar mistakes within the industry. 相似文献
20.
Michael J. Hazzan Martin R. Rose David M. Heller Scott Sanderson 《Process Safety Progress》2022,41(2):247-252
In the last 2–3 years, Process Safety Management (PSM) audits have become more difficult to perform. As time has passed since the adoption of the PSM Standard and Risk Management Program (RMP) rule, as well as state PSM regulations, the guidance published in support of applying the regulations has expanded, while the regulations themselves, at least the federal ones, have remained static. Facilities have become more sensitive to the number and the nature of audit findings, continuous improvement in PSM programs has become somewhat controversial, and the definitions of “overdue” and “timely” have become more difficult to interpret and apply. These issues and others have conspired to create some of these difficulties. 相似文献