欧洲渔业政策、社会科学研究：21世纪面临的挑战

本文为英国赫尔大学地理学院David Symes发表在Maine Policy2010年第34卷268—275页文章的中泽文。在扩展欧洲渔业政策的科学基础过程中,尽管生态系统方法和经济建模得到显著运用,社会科学对于政策有关的研究作用仍不甚明显。在有关体制结构和渔业管理理论的理解方面虽有进展,但对欧盟第六次研发与技术发展架构（2002～2006年）的分析指出,在多学科项目领域以外,社会科学的运用仍然不足。渔业社会科学的流散性和渔业政策明显缺乏社会目标的特点合理解释了社会科学难以运用到渔业政策的原因。CFP（共同渔业政策）改革预计将在2012年展开,包括中央和区域机构之间责任的重新分配,为跨学科和专业领域的政策相关研究提供更多的机会。为应对这一挑战,将需要在社会科学和跨自然和经济科学界限构建强大的网络建设。     

Rural–Urban Impacts of CAP Measures in Greece: An Inter‐regional SAM Approach

This paper evaluates the inter‐regional impacts of CAP measures implemented in the rural town of Archanes (Crete, Greece), an area which received considerable EU Agricultural Guarantee and rural development funds during the 1990s. A hybrid, three‐area Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) with three groups of households defined by income level is constructed to describe inter‐linkages between three rural–urban localities, namely the rural area of Archanes, the less‐developed, agriculturally dependent, neighbouring rural area of N. Kazantzakis, and the adjacent urban centre of Heraklion. Results are reported on the diffusion patterns of economic impacts generated by three types of CAP measure: farm income support; aids to increased agricultural productivity; aids to economic diversification. These show that the diffusion of policy‐induced economic impacts from Archanes is lower than might be expected for a small open local economy, and that benefits leak primarily to Heraklion and marginally to rural N. Kazantzakis. Finally, generated income benefits seem to accrue mostly in favour of high‐income households, especially in the case of Guarantee subsidies.     

Policy and competitiveness of agroforestry-based technologies for maize production in Cameroon: An application of policy analysis matrix

Questions have been raised about the ecological consequences and economic sustainability of exclusive reliance on chemical fertilizers for the rapidly expanding maize production across sub-Saharan Africa. Alternative agroforestry-based natural resource management technologies have been developed for farmers. This paper applies the policy analysis matrix (PAM) to analyze the social profitability of agroforestry-based technologies for maize production in the highland savanna zone of Cameroon, and the impacts of policy shifts on the financial competitiveness of maize production under these technologies. The paper shows that maize production under agroforestry-based systems has high comparative advantage.