Packaging a Resort: An Analysis of Japanese Ski Holiday Package Tour Brochures

Summary

This paper examines the characteristics of contemporary Japanese package tourism, through an analysis of tour brochures. The brochures are analyzed in terms of functional components of the tours, as well as the visual images that are represented. Drawing on a sample of 15 brochures that contain winter ski package holidays for Japanese travelers in Whistler, British Columbia (Canada), this study identifies several key elements in the promotion of Japanese package tourism. These elements include the lean and flexible nature of the functional components of package tours, and the use of both concrete, and abstract images of tourists and tour experiences in the brochures.     

基于扎根理论的滑雪旅游度假区经营要素与理念识别

随着国民消费的升级,滑雪度假已然成为冬季旅游的消费新热点。经营要素与经营理念是旅游目的地成功发展的必备基础。为更好地提升我国滑雪旅游度假区的竞争力,本文通过对来自6个世界冰雪强国的11名旅游部门及滑雪企业负责人的访谈,运用扎根理论与内容分析法,从供给侧的角度识别出滑雪旅游度假区成功经营的基础要素与核心竞争力要素,以及人才专业性、体验性、异质化开发、持续创新、绿色发展五大经营理念。据此建议我国滑雪旅游度假区高质量发展需从地方感营造、游客体验、市场培育、生态保护等方面入手,来完善经营要素体系,提升市场竞争力。     

Revealed and stated preference analysis of ski resort attractiveness

The paper compares a revealed and stated preference approach for estimating the site attractiveness of Vermont ski resorts to weekend skiers. Unexpected bias in attractiveness estimates, seemingly caused by the geometry of origins and destinations, is discovered when the revealed preference approach is used. The attractiveness scales of resorts, which were estimated using separate metric (Thurstone) and nonmetric (nonmetric scaling) models of preference, are shown to be very similar despite the different assumptions of the two models. Eighty‐six percent of variance in the attractiveness estimates of resorts is explained by only two variables, mean perceived length of slopes and mean perceived level of crowding. A multidimensional scaling analysis of a matrix showing the mean cognitive similarity of each pair of 23 resorts reveals that the resultant two‐dimensional cognitive map of the resorts can be largely characterized by the same two attributes, slope length and crowding, that explain the preference‐based attractiveness estimates.     

旅游收入、交通基础设施和二氧化碳排放——基于PVAR模型的多变量经济学分析

本文基于中国30个省级行政区2000—2019年的面板数据,运用广义矩方法估计的面板向量自回归模型,建立一个包含旅游、交通基础设施和二氧化碳排放的多变量计量经济学模型,探讨中国旅游、交通基础设施和二氧化碳排放之间的动态关系及其空间异质性。主要研究结论：（1）全国和东中部地区存在旅游收入和交通基础设施之间的双向格兰杰因果关系,铁路里程对旅游收入的贡献要大于公路里程。（2）全国和东部地区存在旅游收入和二氧化碳排放之间的双向因果关系,旅游收入对东部地区碳排放增长的贡献最大,对西部地区碳排放增长的贡献最小。（3）公路和铁路对二氧化碳的贡献率在中部地区最大。总体上,交通基础设施与二氧化碳排放之间的格兰杰因果关系不显著。本文首次建立了一个多变量经济学分析框架综合性地讨论中国旅游收入、交通基础设施和二氧化碳排放之间的关联。文章提出的研究框架对不同空间区域和尺度的研究和实践均具有一定的启示意义。     

离岸岛屿目的地旅游交通能耗与CO_2排放测算——以海口市为例

离岸岛屿目的地旅游交通能耗与排放的测算能更加清晰地反映旅游交通、乘飞机旅行造成的环境影响。国内现有的旅游业能耗与排放的测算几乎都使用的是国外5年甚至10年前的经验参数。文章采用自下而上法,最大限度地使用符合我国实际的各种交通方式能耗及排放强度的关键参数,并通过大量的实地调研,细化旅游交通组织,较为准确地测算了我国第二大岛海南岛首府海口市2011年旅游交通的能源消耗与CO2排放量。结果表明,2011年海口市旅游交通能耗为27.40PJ(皮焦,1皮焦等于1015焦),占当年全市总能耗的22.10%;旅游交通CO2排放总量为2.06Mt(兆吨,1兆吨等于106吨)。对于离岸岛屿旅游目的地而言,无烟产业的定论被打破,旅游业正在或已经成为海口市重点用能产业。离岸岛屿目的地旅游业为应对气候变化和节能减排,应设法延长游客的停留天数、减少进出往返的飞行次数;并在充分研究论证的基础上,适时考虑开征设立航空排放税、旅游环境税或生态补偿基金等。鉴于旅游交通等旅游能耗统计基础薄弱,建议组建专业化的旅游能源统计机构,切实加强旅游能耗统计管理。     

British contributions to American Seaside Resorts

The British contribution to the 19th century North American seaside resolt was substantial. Most of the activities, structures, and philosophies that attracted North Americans in great numbers to the seaside not only originated in Britain but prior to diffusion to North America had become traditional fixtures in British resort life. The importance of the British contributions can be demonstrated by examining salient characteristics of the resorts on both sides of the Atlantic. Health resorts origins, social characteristics, architectural and landscape designs, visitor activities and perceptions, mechanical innovations aand relationships to transportation phenomena characteristics of British seaside resorts were largely emulated by subsequent institutions in North America. To date it appears that America scholars have been slow to recognize the extent of this cultural debt.